60. Terrific Scene at the Great Natural Bridge, Va. .Elihu Burritt. 152

63. Golden Rules of David Copperfield

Charles Dickens. 158

66. The Story of Parnell's Hermit...

Warton. 162

68. Passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge.. Thos. Jefferson. 165

70. Windows

71. Recreation.

75. Confessions of a Bashful Man....

76. Confessions of a Bashful Man-concluded..

77. Contrasted Soliloquies...

78. Contrasted Soliloquies-concluded.

Henry Ward Beecher. 167

Edward Everett. 169

...Anon. 179

181

..Jane Taylor. 183

184

80. The Journey of a Day-A Picture of Human Life... Dr. Johnson. 188

81. Indian Summer in New England...

84 Mount Vernon in 1759..

86. Agriculture......

87. Agriculture-concluded

89. Memory and Hope.

91. North American Indians..

93. Rural Life in Sweden

95. Children.

97. Judge not

98. Judge not-concluded

100. The True Dignity of Labor.

102. Escape from a Panther..

104. A Challenge to America.

105. War.......

106. Battle Fields, or Vultures' Shambles..

108. The Golden Age of New York.

109. Lilias Grieve....

.Joseph Story. 191

Washington Irving. 196

Edward Everett. 200

204

.James K. Paulding. 208

. Sprague. 215

Henry W. Longfellow. 218

R. H. Dana. 224

227

230

William Howitt. 234

.J. Fenimore Cooper. 239

..Punch. 245

Robert Hall. 247

.Dr. Johnson. 250

Washington Irving. 254

.John Wilson. 258

115. No life pleasing to God that is not useful to Man.. Hawkesworth. 273

116. No life pleasing to God that is not useful to Man-concluded. 275

119. An Interview with a Malay

120. The Burdens of Mankind

121. The Burdens of Mankind-concluded

123. The Morning..

124. Flowers..

126. The Sense of Beauty..

Thomas De Quincy. 283

Joseph Addison. 285

288

.Daniel Webster. 293

Henry Ward Beecher. 295

William E. Channing. 298

144. Feelings excited by a Long Voyage-concluded.

146. Crime its own Detecter...

151. The History of Prince Arthur.

153. The White Stone Canoe...

155. Queen Isabella of Spain.

157. Character of Henry Clay.

159. The Wreck of the Arctic.

161. Sorrow for the Dead......

163. Promises of Religion to the Young

165. Death of Little Nell

170. Discovery of America

173. The Decay of Nature and of Man..

336

Daniel Webster. 340

Charles Dickens. 352

.H. R. Schoolcraft. 358

William H. Prescott. 362

William H. Seward. 366

.Henry Ward Beecher. 371

Washington Irving. 374

Archibald Alison. 377

174. The Decay of Nature and of Man-concluded.

184. Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua..

. Charles Dickens. 380

Edward Everett. 393

.Archibald Alison. 399

II. PIECES IN VERSE.

401

E. Kellogg. 421

38. The Old Arm-chair

41. The Worth of Hours

43. The Country Church.

45. Epitaph on a Candle

47. True Freedom, and How to Gain it..

54. Look Aloft

56. Love of Country and of Home..

58. Woodman, spare that Tree..

61. The Sailor's Song..

62. The Landsman's Song.

64. Cruelty to Animals

65. Sensibility

67. To a Waterfowl

69. Perpetual Adoration

74. Seasons of Prayer.

79. The Days that are Gone.......

82. A Parental Ode to my Infant Son

85. The Revolutionary War.........

88. Memory....

90. Hiawatha's Canoe-building.

92. They are Passing Away

94. Life and Death

96. The Votary of Pleasure

99. The Laborer

101. Labor..

103. Spring.

107. The Watcher on the Tower.

111. The Hermit...

117. Address to the Deity

118. The Universal Prayer..

122. The Old Clock on the Stairs.

125. The Death of the Flowers..

127. The Arab's Farewell to his Steed.

129. Friendship.....

130. Forgive and Forget.

132. The Brothers

134. To-morrow..

137. The Family Meeting..

142. Arnold Winkelried.

PAGE

.Eliza Cook. 112

..R. M. Milne. 117

T. Buchanan Read. 120

...Punch. 125
..Charles Mackay. 128

.Jonathan Lawrence. 143

.James Montgomery. 146

.George P. Morris. 149

B. W. Procter. 156

.B. W. Procter. 157

William Cowper. 160

.Hannah Moore. 161

William Cullen Bryant. 164

Thomas Moore. 166

Henry Ware, Jr. 176

..Charles Mackay. 186

Thomas Hood. 193

.T. Buchanan Read. 198

Willis Gaylord Clark. 207

.Henry W. Longfellow. 212

..R. M. Carlton. 217

. From the German of Rückert. 221

.Charles H. Lyon. 226

William D. Gallaher. 233

.Osgood. 237

.. Thomas Hood. 244

.Charles Mackay. 252

.James Beattie. 266

.Mrs. Barbauld. 278

.Alexander Pope. 281

.Henry W. Longfellow. 291

William Cullen Bryant. 297

.Mrs. Norton. 300

.Mrs. Norton. 307

M. F. Tupper. 307

Charles Sprague. 313

Mrs. Anne Hunter. 316

...Charles Sprague. 324

.James Montgomery. 332

145. Lines to a Child on his Voyage to France....Christian Disciple. 338

147. The Greek Emigrant's Song...

.James G. Percival. 342

III. DIALOGUES.

149. From the Tragedy of King John-continued
150. From the Tragedy of King John-concluded..
168. A Sister Pleading for a Condemned Brother

177. Scenes from the Comedy of "Money.".. Edward Bulwer Lytton. 407
179. Scene from "The Poor Gentleman."

THE

NATIONAL FOURTH READER.

PART I.

ELOCUTION.

ELOCUTION is the delivery of extemporaneous or written
composition. Its more general divisions are ARTICULA-
TION, SYLLABICATION, ACCENT, EMPHASIS, INFLECTION, MOD-
ULATION, and PAUSES.

SECTION I.-ARTICULATION.

DEFINITIONS.

1. ARTICULATION is the distinct utterance of the Oral

Elements, in syllables and words.

2. ORAL ELEMENTS are the sounds that, uttered sepa-

rately or in combination, form syllables and words.

3. ELEMENTS ARE PRODUCED by different positions of

the organs of speech, in connection with the voice and

the breath.

4. THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF SPEECH are the lips, teeth,

tongue, and palate.

5. VOICE IS PRODUCED by the action of the breath upon

the larynx.1

6. ELEMENTS ARE DIVIDED into three classes: eighteen

Tonics, fifteen Subtonics, and ten Atonics.

7. TONICS are pure tones produced by the voice, with

but slight use of the organs of speech.

8. SUBTONICS are tones produced by the voice, modified

by the organs of speech.

'The larynx is the upper part of the trachea, or windpipe.