Normative systems

I: The Logic of Normative Systems.- I. A Model for Normative Systems.- 1. Methodological Considerations.- 2. A Normative Problem.- 3. The Factual Range of the Problem.- 4. The Normative Range of the Problem.- 5. Reconstruction of a Normative System.- 6. Variations of the Model.- II. The Concept of Case.- 1. The Elements of the Universe of Properties and their Internal Relations.- 2. The Universe of Cases.- 3. Generic and Individual Cases.- 4. Problems of Application: Gaps of Knowledge and Gaps of Recognition.- III. The Concept of Solution.- 1. Elements of the UA and their Internal Relations.- 2. Deontic Contents.- 3. Deontic Sentences and Solutions.- 4. Maximal and Minimal Solutions.- 5. Solutions and Norms.- IV. The Concept of Normative System.- 1. Aristotle's Theory of Science and its Influence.- 2. Modern Conception of Science and the Notion of System.- 3. The Concept of System in Legal Science.- 4. Definition of Normative System.- 5. Comments on the Definition of Normative System.- 6. Formal Properties of Normative Systems.- II: Some Problems of Legal Theory.- V. Problems of Systematization in Legal Science.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Legal Science and the Systematization of the Law.- 3. Identification of the Basis and the Problem of Legal Validity.- 4. Reformulation of the System and the Genesis of General Principles of Law.- 5. "Juristic Induction".- 6. Creative Function of Legal Science.- 7. Changes in a System.- 8. Changes in Interpretation.- VI. The Problem of Relevance and Axiological Gaps.- 1. Universes of Cases of Different Level.- 2. Completeness of a System and the Problem of Relevance.- 3. Relevant and Irrelevant Properties.- 4. The Thesis and the Hypothesis of Relevance.- 5. Axiological Gaps.- 6. Axiological Gaps in Legal Theory.- VII. The Problem of Closure.- 1. Closed and Open Systems.- 2. Closure Based of the Interdefinability of "Permitted" and "Prohibited".- 3. Analysis of the Principle of Prohibition.- 4. The Postulate of the Necessary Completeness of the Law.- 5. Analysis of the Postulate of Completeness.- 6. Rules of Closure.- 7. The Rule "Nullum Crimen Sine Lege".- VIII. Judicial Decisions and the Problem of Legal Gaps.- 1. The Function of Jurisdiction.- 2. Judicial Decision.- 3. The Secondary System.- 4. The Justification of the Decision.- 5. The Situation of the Judge in the Case of a Normative Gap.- 6. Can the Judge Resolve a Case where there is a Normative Gap without Modifying the Law?.- 7. Argumentum e contrario.- IX. Completeness as a Rational Ideal.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Ideal of Normative Completeness.- 3. Normative Justification.- 4. The Requirement of Completeness as a Rational Ideal.- 5. Its Scope and Limits.- 6. A Rationalist Illusion.- 7. The Ideological Function of the Postulate of Completeness.- Appendix: Some Definitions and Theorems.