time longer, while he was joyously on his return. It was in the cool of the evening, after a storm, that his bride and a kinswoman walked along the shore, and watched a floating object on the sea, which at first appeared like a coffer, but proved to be a human body. The gentle-hearted wife turned to summon help to pay the last rites to the dead, when the corpse was thrown at the feet of her cousin, who fell upon the ground with a wild shriek. The wife stooped to raise her swooning friend, when she saw lying by her side her own husband! An aged woman, who had been the nurse of the shipwrecked youth, coming to call the ladies to supper, found the three senseless bodies. She woke the cousin from her trance and chafed the husband's limbs to life; but the bride was gone for ever, his only, even to the grave!

In the French revolutionary war, a squadron of frigates was stationed here, under the command of Lord Hugh Seymour and Pellew, afterwards Lord Exmouth. In 1748, a family intending to embark here, was compelled, owing to the scanty stage accommodation, to engage a coach and horses from London. A party of young men took the back fare, stipulating that the vehicle should bide their pleasure in any town where there was a cockfight. In the time of the Stuarts, the only mode of travelling, except for persons of fortune, to the north of York and the west of Exeter, was by pack-horses, seated between the panniers.

In Dec. 1795, Southey sailed from this port to Corunna. Lord Byron was here from June 22 to July 2, 1809, and thus describes the place: "St. Mawes is garrisoned by an able-bodied person of fourscore, a widower; he has the whole command and sole management of six most unmanageable pieces of ordnance, admirably adapted for the destruction of Pendennis, a like tower of strength on the opposite side of the Channel. The town contains many Quakers and salt fish: the oysters have a taste of copper, owing to the soil of a mining country; the women (blessed be the corporation therefor!) are flogged at the cart's tail when they pick and steal." Byron embarked

here for the Mediterranean, on the pilgrimage of Childe Harold.

At Trefusis Point, the Queen transport was wrecked, on Jan. 14, 1814, when 195 lives were lost.

In 1833, the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society was instituted at Falmouth, to promote emulation in the fine and useful arts among all classes.

The botany includes Beta maritima, Campanula hederacea, Sibthorpia Europæa, Fucus ovalis, F. loreus, linum usitatissimum, Lichen paschalis, besides the other rare plants of Cornwall, Enanthe crocata, Silene amæna, Chrysoplenum oppositifolium, Sedum Anglicum, and Bryum crispum. The Erica vagans, the "white heath," which grows only on serpentine, will add from hence a treasure to the botanist's box. The hornblende here is schistose and compact as at Fowey and Llanteglos, and indeed always when the calcareous series forms a junction with the porphyritic.

The windmill, an invention introduced by the Crusaders, was first erected here in the 13th century: the site of the original structure is still occupied by a building which would have provoked the Knight of La Mancha.

Carlyle, in his 'Memoirs of Sterling,' has vigorously sketched, in a few lines, the appearance of the town. One of the most striking features is Pendennis Castle, at the west entrance, seated on a rock 300 feet high, with an area of three acres. It retains traces of horn and crown work, erected by Cromwell; and on the south side is the granite round tower built by Henry VIII. In 1644-5, the Duke of Hamilton was imprisoned in the gloomy cells of this castle. Col. Fortescue and Admiral Batten besieged it by sea and land during the spring and summer of 1646. Prince Charles was here in 1645; and his father's loyal follower, Sir John Arundel, of Trerice, imitating the defence of Raglan Castle, held the forts of Pendennis and St. Mawes, the last over which the royal standard floated, until he had but 24 hours' provision left in the wasted garrison. He then surrendered, but marched out with the honours of war, a gallant veteran with flowing hair, white with the

snows of 85 years, at the head of a handful of men, with drums beating and colours flying. The castle was struck by lightning Nov. 1717. The town of St. Mawes, on the opposite shore, which terminates in St. Anthony's Head with a lighthouse, and an Early Decorated chapel on the summit, bears the name of an Irish recluse. The castle round a keep, with circular bastions, was built about 1540; the church, by the Marquis of Buckingham, in July

1812.

Gyllan-Vaes (William's Grave) is said to be the burialplace of that Prince William, son of Henry I., who, with his brother and sister and many Norman nobles, perished by the shipwreck of the Blanche Nef, off Barfleur, in December 1130, after whose untimely death his father never smiled again. The Black Rock which lies between the two castles is considered by Borlase to have been the place of traffic for tin between the Phoenician and the Briton. At Mylor (so called after a Cornish prince), which stands on one of the numerous creeks, is a detached steeple. The church, of the time of Henry VI., contains an effigy of a Trefusis, a brass of T. Killygrave, gent., 1500, and a Norman doorway. Four miles distant is the church of St. Feock, in which prayers were, for the last time, said in Cornish near it is a cross. Tregothnan House, near Truro, was built by Wilkins: it is a seat of Viscount Falmouth.

From Falmouth to the Lizard Point occur the headlands of Pendennis Point and Rosemullion Head, which enclose Falmouth Bay: the estuary of the Helford river intervenes between the latter promontory and Nare Point. To these (off which are the Manacles rock, and may be heard the bells of St. Keverne, within sound of which no metal can be found) succeed Dranna Point and Chynals Point, and Black and Innis Head. Southward from the line of Helford river (near the mouth of which is Manaccan, once the residence of Polwhele, the county historian) projects the English Chersonese, terminating in the Lizard Point (Cornish, ‘a jutting headland'). It is a stern, wild district, scarcely relieved by tamarisk (Tamarix

Gallica is found at Coverack Cove) and myrtle, and the rare white heath, Erica vagans, and plants as seldom met with, the hairy green-weed, Genista pilosa, Lotus hispidus, Autumnal squill, Raphanus maritimus, and Vicia lutea; Herniaria glabra; and the three trefoils, known as strictum, Mollinerü, and Bocconi; Fucus esculentus, F. jubatus, Geranium sanguineum; G. maritimum, Lichen rupicola, L. crenularius, L. obscurus. The footpaths, for the most part, are stone walls four feet high, but with a line of coast formed of serpentine, of every various form, set with nature's own sparkling jewellery, red, brown, creamy gray, yellow, and green-olive, or brilliant as malachite; glittering on rocks like purple velvet, wavy and streaked like the skin of the snake, from which it derives its name. The coast is perforated with innumerable caverns (here called hugos), obscure and horrible enough, through which the sea hurls its waves with a deep booming like thunder, and pours, when winds are fierce and strong, the thick spray like smoke-wreaths, and clouds of foam, like a shower of silver, high over the dripping headlands above, as if trying to regain its ancient margin, the traces of which are yet visible on their tremendous front. It is from the force of these sea-winds, and the brine which they deposit, that this district, so soft in temperature that snow will scarcely rest for a night, is a mere desert; while the soil is rendered barren by the nature of the underlying rocks and the prevailing magnesia. The solitary exception is at the Lizard, where the tall hornblende and mica slate decompose, and yield a rich harvest of barley, which is, however, sorely wind-tossed and scattered. It is only of recent years that the serpentine has been in demand, although there are three monuments in Westminster Abbey of the beginning of the last century wrought of this superb material. At Carminoe Cove is found Ruppia maritima, and, at Gunwalloe, Ranunculus lingua.

The table-land, once covered by the Cornish Nemæan forest, was more lately known as Goonhilly Downs. Here Thomas Flavel, vicar of Mullion, who died 1682, professed

THE LIZARD POINT.

525 to be a ghost-layer, and charged five guineas as the price of his incantations. Two envious parishioners had concealed themselves behind some stones, with the same intent, but without privity, to observe his exorcism, when the prudent vicar, as a preliminary action, smacked a stout whip, which frightened the intruders, so that each took to his heels his own way, shrieking at the sight of his fellow, amid the laughter of Mr. Flavel. Evelyn's Mrs. Godolphin lived in this neighbourhood. Pilchards, which elsewhere are known as "fair maids," are here called fumados; and it has long been surmised that the inhabitants of this part of Cornwall are of Spanish extraction. Off the Lizard, July 5, 1744, Prince Charles Stuart, with the La Doutelle and the Elizabeth, engaged a British cruiser. The Elizabeth was so crippled as to be compelled to return to Brest; but the prince pursued his course, as he said, to find a crown or a grave in Scotland. The Gue Graze, or soap rock, to the west, is formed of steatite (tallow), which was long employed in the porcelain works of Worcester, before the discovery of the white kaolin or china clay of St. Austell: it is of white or pale straw colour, and streaked with green veins. At Kynance Cove, and along the shore on the east of the Lizard, the basaltic caves form submarine grottoes and deep vaults, so cool and full of repose, as contrasted with the glare without some spanned with stone roofs of infinite richness, and solid walls burnished by the surge of centuries, accessible at low tides, into which the huge fissures and chasms admit gleams of fairy light, wavering with the course of the sun; others resounding with hollow echoes from the hoarse plash and gurgling of the restless waters which form in places rock-pools clear as crystal; and under them lie the yellow sand and waving snake-locks of sea-weed, and brackish wells where the sunlight sleeps a fathom deep. Here may be found the pink wrack, the sensitive sea-weed, and the crimson sea-dock; delicate corallines, and those other sea-wonders, living plants that mock the flowers of earth, chrysanthemums, anemones, and dahlias of the deep, scarlet or purple, damasked,