With backward steps. Yet ever as there pass'd A man whose garments show'd the soldier's red, Or crippled mendicant in sailor's garb, The little child who sate to turn the wheel Ceased from his task; and she with faltering voice Made many a fond inquiry; and when they, Whose presence gave no comfort, were gone by, Her heart was still more sad. And by yon gate, That bars the traveller's road, she often stood, And when a stranger horseman came, the latch Would lift, and in his face look wistfully: Most happy, if, from aught discovered there Of tender feeling, she might dare repeat The same sad question. Meanwhile her poor hut Sank to decay: for he was gone, whose hand, At the first nipping of October frost,
Closed up each chink, and with fresh bands of straw Checker'd the green-grown thatch. And so she lived
Through the long winter, reckless and alone; Until the house by frost, and thaw, and rain, Was sapp'd; and while she slept, the nightly damps Did chill her breast: and in the stormy day Her tatter'd clothes were ruffled by the wind; E'en at the side of her own fire. Yet still She loved this wretched spot, nor would for worlds Have parted hence and still that length of road, And this rude bench, one torturing hope endear'd, Fast rooted at her heart: and here, my friend, In sickness she remain'd; and here she died, Last human tenant of these ruin❜d walls."
The old man ceased: he saw that I was moved; From that low bench, rising instinctively I turn'd aside in weakness, nor had power To thank him for the tale which he had told. I stood, and leaning o'er the garden wall, Review'd that woman's sufferings; and it seem'd To comfort me while with a brother's love I bless'd her in the impotence of grief. At length towards the cottage I return'd Fondly, and traced, with interest more mild, That secret spirit of humanity
Which, 'mid the calm, oblivious tendencies
Of nature, 'mid her plants, and weeds, and flowers, And silent overgrowings, still survived. The old man, noting this, resumed, and said, "My friend! enough to sorrow you have given, The purposes of wisdom ask no more; Be wise and cheerful; and no longer read The forms of things with an unworthy eye. She sleeps in the calm earth, and peace is here. I well remember that those very plumes, Those weeds, and the high speargrass on that wall, By mist and silent rain-drops silver'd o'er, As once I pass'd, did to my heart convey So still an image of tranquillity, So calm and still, and look'd so beautiful Amid th' uneasy thoughts which fill'd my mind, That what we feel of sorrow and despair From ruin and from change, and all the grief The passing shows of being leave behind, Appear'd an idle dream, that could not live Where meditation was. I turn'd away, And walk'd along my road in happiness."
He ceased. Ere long the sun declining shot A slant and mellow radiance, which began 54
To fall upon us, while, beneath the trees, We sate on that low bench: and now we felt, Admonish'd thus, the sweet hour coming on. A linnet warbled from those lofty elms, A thrush sang loud, and other melodies, At distance heard, peopled the milder air. The old man rose, and, with a sprightly mien Of hopeful preparation, grasp'd his staff: Together casting then a farewell look Upon those silent walls, we left the shade; And, ere the stars were visible, had reach'd A village inn, our evening resting place.
The author describes his travels with the wanderer, whose character is further illustrated. Morning scene, and view of a village wake. Wanderer's account of a friend whom he purposes to visit. View, from an eminence, of the valley which his friend had chosen for his retreat. Feelings of the author at the sight of it. Sound of singing from below. A funeral procession. Descent into the valley. Observations drawn from the wanderer at sight of a book accidentally discovered in a recess in the valley. Meeting with the wanderer's friend, the solitary. Wanderer's description of the mode of burial in this mountainous district. Solitary contrasts with this, that of the individual carried a few minutes before from the cottage. Brief conversation. The cottage entered. Description of the solitary's apartment. Repast there. View from the window of two mountain summits and the solitary's description of the companionship they afford him. Account of the departed inmate of the cottage. Description of a grand spectacle upon the mountains, with its effect upon the solitary's mind. Quit the house.
IN days of yore how fortunately fared The minstrel! wandering on from hall to hall, Baronial court or royal! cheer'd with gifts Munificent, and love, and ladies' praise; Now meeting on his road an armed knight, Now resting with a pilgrim by the side
Of a clear brook ;-beneath an abbey's roof One evening sumptuously lodged; the next Humbly in a religious hospital;
Or with some merry outlaws of the wood; Or haply shrouded in a hermit's cell. Him, sleeping or awake, the robber spared; He walk'-protected from the sword of war By virtue of that sacred instrument His harp, suspended at the traveller's side: His dear companion wheresoe'er he went Opening from land to land an easy way By melody, and by the charm of verse. Yet not the noblest of that honour'd race Drew happier, loftier, more impassion'd thoughts From his long journeyings and eventful life, Than this obscure itinerant had skill To gather, ranging through the tamer ground Of these our unimaginative days; Both while he trod the earth in humblest guise Accoutred with his burden and his staff; And now, when free to move with lighter pace. What wonder, then, if I, whose favourite school
Hath been the fields, the roads, and rural lanes, Look'd on this guide with reverential love? Each with the other pleased, we now pursued Our journey-beneath favourable skies. Turn wheresoe'er we would, he was a light Unfailing: not a hamlet could we pass, Rarely a house, that did not yield to him Remembrances: or from his tongue call forth Some way-beguiling tale. Nor less regard Accompanied those strains of apt discourse, Which nature's various objects might inspire; And in the silence of his face I read His overflowing spirit. Birds and beasts, And the mute fish that glances in the stream, And harmless reptile coiling in the sun, And gorgeous insect hovering in the air, The fowl domestic, and the household dog, In his capacious mind-he loved them all: Their rights acknowledging he felt for all. Oft was occasion given me to perceive How the calm pleasures of the pasturing herd To happy contemplation sooth'd his walk; How the poor brute's condition, forced to run Its course of suffering in the public road, Sad contrast! all too often smote his heart With unavailing pity. Rich in love And sweet humanity, he was, himself, To the degree that he desired, beloved. Greetings and smiles we met with all day long From faces that he knew; we took our seats By many a cottage hearth, where he received The welcome of an inmate come from far. Nor was he loath to enter ragged huts,
Huts where his charity was blest; his voice Heard as the voice of an experienced friend.
Of aspect, with aërial softness clad, And beautified with morning's purple beams. The wealthy, the luxurious, by the stress Of business roused, or pleasure, ere their time, May roll in chariots, or provoke the hoofs Of the fleet coursers they bestride, to raise From earth the dust of morning, slow to rise; And they, if blest with health and hearts at ease, Shall lack not their enjoyment:-but how faint Compared with ours! who, pacing side by side Could, with an eye of leisure, look on all That we beheld; and lend the listening sense To every grateful sound of earth and air; Pausing at will-our spirits braced, our thoughts Pleasant as roses in the thickets blown, And pure as dew bathing their crimson leaves. Mount slowly, sun! that we may journey long, By this dark hill protected from thy beams! Such is the summer pilgrim's frequent wish; But quickly from among our morning thoughts 'Twas chased away: for, toward the western side Of the broad vale, casting a casual glance, We saw a throng of people ;-wherefore met? Blithe notes of music, suddenly let loose On the thrill'd ear, and flags uprising, yield Prompt answer: they proclaim the annual wake, Which the bright season favours.-Tabor and pipe In purpose join to hasten and reprove The laggard rustic; and repay with boon Of merriment a party-colour'd knot, Already form'd upon the village green. Beyond the limits of the shadow cast By the broad hill, glisten'd upon our sight That gay assemblage. Round them and above Glitter, with dark recesses interposed,
And, sometimes, where the poor man held dis- Casement, and cottage-roof, and stems of trees
With his own mind, unable to subdue Impatience through inaptness to perceive General distress in his particular lot; Or cherishing resentment, or in vain Struggling against it, with a soul perplex'd, And finding in herself no steady power To draw the line of comfort that divides Calamity, the chastisement of heaven, From the injustice of our brother men ; To him appeal was made as to a judge! Who, with an understanding heart, allay'd The perturbation; listen'd to the plea; Resolved the dubious point; and sentence gave So grounded, so applied, that it was heard With soften'd spirit-even when it condemn'd. Such intercourse I witness'd, while we roved, Now as his choice directed, now as mine; Or both, with equal readiness of will, Our course submitting to the changeful breeze Of accident. But when the rising sun Had three times call'd us to renew our walk, My fellow traveller, with earnest voice, As if the thought were but a moment old, Claim'd absolute dominion for the day. We started-and he led towards the hills Up through an ample vale, with higher hills Before us, mountains stern and desolate; But, in the majesty of distance, now Set off, and to our ken appearing fair
Half-veil'd in vapory cloud, the silver steam Of dews fast melting on their leafy boughs By the strong sunbeams smitten. Like a mast Of gold, the maypole shines; as if the rays Of morning, aided by exhaling dew, With gladsome influence could reanimate The faded garlands dangling from its sides.
Said I," the music and the sprightly scene Invite us; shall we quit our road, and join These festive matins ?"-He replied, "not loath Here would I linger, and with you partake, Not one hour merely, but till evening's close The simple pastimes of the day and place. By the fleet racers, ere the sun be set, The turf of yon large pasture will be skimm'd; There, too, the lusty wrestlers shall contend: But know we not that he, who intermits Th' appointed task and duties of the day, Untunes full oft the pleasures of the day; Checking the finer spirits that refuse To flow, when purposes are lightly changed? We must proceed a length of journey yet Remains untraced." Then, pointing with his staf Raised toward those craggy summits, his intent He thus imparted.
"In a spot that lies Among yon mountain fastnesses conceal'd You will receive, before the hour of noon, Good recompense, I hope, for this day's toil- From sight of one who lives secluded there
Lonesome and lost: of whom, and whose past Intoxicating service! I might say
(Not to forestall such knowledge as may be More faithfully collected from himself,) This brief communication shall suffice.
"Though now sojourning there, he, like myself, Sprang from a stock of lowly parentage Among the wilds of Scotland, in a tract Where many a shelter'd and well-tended plant, Bears, on the humblest ground of social life, Blossoms of piety and innocence.
Such grateful promises his youth display'd: And, having shown in study forward zeal, He to the ministry was duly call'd; And straight incited by a curious mind Fill'd with vague hopes, he undertook the charge Of chaplain to a military troop,
Cheer'd by the Highland bagpipe, as they march'd In plaided vest,-his fellow countrymen. This office filling, yet by native power And force of native inclination, made An intellectual ruler in the haunts Of social vanity-he walk'd the world, Gay, and affecting graceful gayety; Lax, buoyant-less a pastor with his flock Than a soldier among soldiers-lived and roam'd Where fortune led:-and fortune, who oft proves The careless wanderer's friend, to him made known A blooming lady—a conspicuous flower, Admired for beauty, for her sweetness praised; Whom he had sensibility to love, Ambition to attempt, and skill to win.
"For this fair bride, most rich in gifts of mind, Nor sparingly endow'd with worldly wealth His office he relinquish'd; and retired From the world's notice to a rural home. Youth's season yet with him was scarcely past, And she was in youth's prime. How full their joy, How free their love! nor did that love decay, Nor joy abate, till, pitiable doom!
In the short course of one undreaded year Death blasted all.-Death suddenly o'erthrew Two lovely children-all that they possess'd! The mother follow'd :-miserably bare The one survivor stood; he wept, he pray'd For his dismissal; day and night, compell'd By pain to turn his thoughts towards the grave, And face the regions of eternity. And uncomplaining apathy displaced This anguish; and, indifferent to delight, To aim and purpose, he consumed his days, To private interest dead, and public eare. So lived he; so he might have died.
To the wide world's astonishment, appear'd A glorious opening, the unlook'd for dawn, That promised everlasting joy to France! Her voice of social transport reach'd e'en him! He broke from his contracted bounds, repair'd To the great city, an emporium then Of golden expectations, and receiving Freights every day from a new world of hope. Thither his popular talents he transferr'd And, from the pulpit, zealously maintain'd The cause of Christ and civil liberty, As one, and moving to one glorious end.
A happy service; for he was sincere As vanity and fondness for applause,
And new and shapeless wishes, would allow. "That righteous cause (such power hath freedom) bound,
For one hostility, in friendly league Ethereal natures and the worst of slaves; Was served by rival advocates that came From regions opposite as heaven and hell, One courage seem'd to animate them all: And, from the dazzling conquests daily gain'd By their united efforts, there arose A proud and most presumptuous confidence In the transcendent wisdom of the age, And her discernment; not alone in rights, And in the origin and bounds of power Social and temporal; but in laws divine, Deduced by reason, or to faith reveal'd. An overweening trust was raised; and fear Cast out, alike of person and of thing. Plague from this union spread, whose subtle bane The strongest did not easily escape:
And he, what wonder! took a mortal taint. How shall I trace the change, how bear to tell That he broke faith with them whom he had laid In earth's dark chambers, with a Christian's hope! An infidel contempt of holy writ
Stole by degrees upon his mind; and hence Life, like that Roman Janus, double-faced; Vilest hypocrisy, the laughing, gay Hypocrisy, not leagued with fear, but pride. Smooth words he had to wheedle simple souls But, for disciples of the inner school,
Old freedom was old servitude, and they The wisest whose opinions stoop'd the least To known restraints: and who most boldly drew Hopeful prognostications from a creed, That, in the light of false philosophy, Spread like a halo round a misty moon, Widening its circle as the storms advance. "His sacred function was at length renounced; And every day and every place enjoy'd Th' unshackled layman's natural liberty; Speech, manners, morals, all without disguise. I do not wish to wrong him ;-though the course Of private life licentiously display'd Unhallow'd actions-planted like a crown Upon the insolent, aspiring brow Of spurious notions-worn as open signs Of prejudice subdued-he still retain❜d, 'Mid such abasement, what he had received From nature-an intense and glowing mind. Wherefore, when humbled liberty grew weak, And mortal sickness on her face appear'd, He colour'd objects to his own desire As with a lover's passion. Yet his moods Of pain were keen as those of better men, Nay keener as his fortitude was less, And he continued, when worse days were come, To deal about his sparkling eloquence, Struggling against the strange reverse with zeal That show'd like happiness: but, in despite Of all this outside bravery, within, He neither felt encouragement nor hope: For moral dignity, and strength of mind,
Were wanting; and simplicity of life; And reverence for himself; and, last and best, Confiding thoughts, through love and fear of him Before whose sight the troubles of this world Are vain as billows in a tossing sea.
"The glory of the times fading away, The splendour, which had given a festal air To self-importance, hallow'd it, and veil'd From his own sight, this gone, he forfeited All joy in human nature; was consumed, And vex'd, and chafed, by levity and scorn, And fruitless indignation; gall'd by pride; Made desperate by contempt of men who throve Before his sight in power or fame, and won, Without desert, what he desired; weak men, Too weak e'en for his envy or his hate! Tormented thus, after a wandering course Of discontent, and inwardly opprest With malady-in part, I fear, provoked By weariness of life, he fix'd his home, Or, rather say, sate down by very chance, Among these rugged hills; where now he dwells, And wastes the sad remainder of his hours In self-indulging spleen, that doth not want Its own voluptuousness; on this resolved, With this content, that he will live and die Forgotten, at safe distance from a world Not moving to his mind.""
Closed the preparatory notices That served my fellow traveller to beguile The way, while we advanced up that wide vale. Diverging now (as if his quest had been Some secret of the mountains, cavern, fall Of water or some boastful eminence, Renown'd for splendid prospect far and wide) We scaled, without a track to ease our steps, A steep ascent; and reach'd a dreary plain, With a tumultuous waste of huge hill tops Before us; savage region! which I paced Dispirited when, all at once, behold! Beneath our feet, a little lowly vale,
A lowly vale, and yet uplifted high
Among the mountains; even as if the spot Had been, from eldest time by wish of theirs, So placed, to be shut out from all the world! Urn-like it was in shape, deep as an urn; With rocks encompass'd, save that to the south Was one small opening, where a heath-clad ridge Supplied a boundary less abrupt and close: A quiet, treeless nook, with two green fields, A liquid pool that glitter'd in the sun,
And one bare dwelling; one abode, no more! It seem'd the home of poverty and toil,
Among the mountains; never one like this; So lonesome, and so perfectly secure : Not melancholy-no, for it is green, And bright, and fertile, furnish'd in itself With the few needful things that life requires. In rugged arms how soft it seems to lie, How tenderly protected! Far and near We have an image of the pristine earth, The planet in its nakedness; were this Man's only dwelling, sole appointed seat, First, last, and single in the breathing world, It could not be more quiet: peace is here Or nowhere; days unruffled by the gale Of public news or private; years that pass Forgetfully; uncall'd upon to pay The common penalties of mortal life, Sickness or accident, or grief, or pain.
On these and kindred thoughts intent I lay In silence musing by my comrade's side, He also silent when from out the heart Of that profound abyss a solemn voice, Or several voices in one solemn sound, Was heard ascending: mournful, deep, and slow The cadence, as of psalms-a funeral dirge; We listen'd, looking down upon the hut, But seeing no one: meanwhile from below The strain continued, spiritual as before. And now distinctly could I recognise
These words:"Shall in the grave thy love be known,
In death thy faithfulness ?"-" God rest his soul !" The wanderer cried, abruptly breaking silence,- "He is departed, and finds peace at last!"
This scarcely spoken, and those holy strains Not ceasing, forth appear'd in view a band Of rustic persons, from behind the hut Bearing a coffin in the midst, with which They shaped their course along the sloping side Of that small valley; singing as they moved; A sober company and few, the men Bareheaded, and all decently attired! Some steps when they had thus advanced, the dirge Ended; and, from the stillness that ensued Recovering, to my friend I said, "You spake, Methought, with apprehension that these rites Are paid to him upon whose shy retreat This day we purposed to intrude."-" I did so, But let us hence, that we may learn the truth: Perhaps it is not he but some one else For whom this pious service is perform'd; Some other tenant of the solitude."
So, to a steep and difficult descent Trusting ourselves, we wound from crag to crag, Where passage could be won; and, as the last
Though not of want: the little fields, made green Of the mute train, upon the heathy top
By husbandry of many thrifty years, Paid cheerful tribute to the moorland house. There crows the cock, single in his domain : The small birds find in spring no thicket there To shroud them; only from the neighbouring vales The cuckoo, straggling up to the hill tops, Shouteth faint tidings of some gladder place.
Ah! what a sweet recess, thought I, is here! Instantly throwing down my limbs at ease Upon a bed of heath;-full many a spot Of hidden beauty have I chanced t' espy
Of that off-sloping outlet, disappear'd, I, more impatient in my downward course, Had landed upon easy ground; and there Stood waiting for my comrade. When behold An object that enticed my steps aside! A narrow, winding entry open'd out Into a platform-that lay, sheepfold wise, Enclosed between an upright mass of rock And one old moss-grown wall;-a cool recess, And fanciful! For, where the rock and wall Met in an angle, hung a penthouse, framed,
By thrusting two rude staves into the wall And overlaying them with mountain sods; To weather-fend a little turf-built seat Whereon a full grown man might rest, nor dread The burning sunshine, or a transient shower; But the whole plainly wrought by children's hands! Whose skill had throng'd the floor with a proud show Of baby-houses, curiously arranged; Nor wanting ornaments of walks between, With mimic trees inserted in the turf,
And gardens interposed. Pleased with the sight, I could not choose but beckon to my guide, Who, entering, round him threw a careless glance, Impatient to pass on, when I exclaim'd,
No dearer relic, and no better stay,' Than this dull product of a scoffer's pen, Impure conceits discharging from a heart Harden'd by impious pride! I did not fear To tax you with this journey ;"-mildly said My venerable friend, as forth we stepp'd Into the presence of the cheerful light- "For I have knowledge that you do not shrink From moving spectacles ;-but let us on."
So speaking, on he went, and at the word I follow'd, till he made a sudden stand: For full in view, approaching through a gate That open'd from the enclosure of green fields Into the rough uncultivated ground,
"Lo! what is here?" and stooping down, drew Behold the man whom he had fancied dead!
A book, that, in the midst of stones and moss And wreck of party-colour'd earthenware Aptly disposed, had lent its help to raise One of those petty structures. "Gracious heaven!" The wanderer cried, " it cannot but be his, And he is gone?" The book, which in my hand Had open'd of itself, (for it was swoln With searching damp, and seemingly had lain To the injurious elements exposed From week to week,) I found to be a work
In the French tongue, a novel of Voltaire, His famous optimist. "Unhappy man!"
I knew, from his deportment, mien, and dress, That it could be no other; a pale face, A tall and meagre person, in a garb Not rustic, dull and faded like himself! He saw us not, though distant but few steps; For he was busy, dealing, from a store Upon a broad leaf carried, choicest strings Of red, ripe currants; gift by which he strove, With intermixture of endearing words,
To soothe a child, who walk'd beside him, weeping As if disconsolate." They to the grave
Are bearing him, my little one," he said,
"To the dark pit; but he will feel no pain;
Exclaim'd my friend: "here then has been to him His body is at rest, his soul in heaven."
Retreat within retreat, a sheltering place Within how deep a shelter! He had fits, E'en to the last, of genuine tenderness,
And loved the haunts of children here, no doubt. Pleasing and pleased, he shared their simple sports, Or sate companionless; and here the book, Left and forgotten in his careless way, Must by the cottage children have been found: Heaven bless them, and their inconsiderate work! To what odd purpose have the darlings turn'd This sad memorial of their hapless friend!"
"Me," said I," most doth it surprise to find Such book in such a piace !"-" A book it is," He answered, " to the person suited well, Though little suited to surrounding things; 'Tis strange, I grant; and stranger still had been To see the man who own'd it, dwelling here, With one poor shepherd, far from all the world! Now, if our errand hath been thrown away, As from these intimations I forbode, Grieved shall I be less for my sake than yours; And least of all for him who is no more."
By this, the book was in the old man's hand; And he continued, glancing on the leaves An eye of scorn. "The lover," said he, " doom'd To love when hope hath fail'd him-whom no depth Of privacy is deep enough to hide, Hath yet his bracelet or his lock of hair, And that is joy to him. When change of times Hath summon'd kings to scaffolds, do but give The faithful servant, who must hide his head Henceforth in whatsoever nook he may, A kerchief sprinkled with his master's blood, And he too hath his comforter. How poor, Beyond all poverty how destitute,
Must that man have been left, who, hither driven, Flying or seeking, could yet bring with him
More might have follow'd-but my honour'd friend
Broke in upon the speaker with a frank And cordial greeting.-Vivid was the light That flash'd and sparkled from the other's eyes: He was all fire: the sickness from his face Pass'd like a fancy that is swept away; Hands join'd he with his visitant,-a grasp, An eager grasp; and many moments' space, When the first glow of pleasure was no more, And much of what had vanish'd was return'd, An amicable smile retain'd the life Which it had unexpectedly received, Upon his hollow cheek. "How kind," he said, "Nor could your coming have been better timed: For this, you see, is in our narrow world A day of sorrow. I have here a charge❞— And, speaking thus, he patted tenderly The sunburnt forehead of the weeping child→→ "A little mourner, whom it is my task To comfort;-but how came ye ?-if yon track (Which doth at once befriend us and betray) Conducted hither your most welcome feet, Ye could not miss the funeral train-they yet Have scarcely disappear'd." "This blooming child," Said the old man, " is of an age to weep At any grave or solemn spectacle, Inly distress'd or overpower'd with awe, He knows not why ;-but he, perchance, this day, Is shedding orphan's tears; and you yourself Must have sustain'd a loss."-"The hand of death," He answer'd," has been here; but could not well Have fall'n more lightly, if it had not fall'n Upon myself."-The other left these words Unnoticed, thus continuing.-
"From yon crag Down whose steep sides we dropp'd into the vale,
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