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latter object; and in order most completely to expose the publication of his opponent, he has disposed his pamphlet in the form of a dialogue, introducing Dr. Rowley under the name of Bragwell as one of the interlocutors, and forming his part of the discourse almost entirely of quotations from his own book: the other speakers being a clergyman, who is supposed to have waited on Dr. Rowley for the purpose of asking his opinion on the merits of vaccination, and a surgeon, who comes in towards the conclusion of the debate, and replies to the arguments used by the doctor; leaving the clergyman fully satisfied as to the security and safety of the cow-pox.

Mr. Blair particularly endeavours to point out the misrepresenta tions of his opponent, and the weak foundation on which his facts are stated Dr. Rowley adduced 504 cases, in which he positively asserts that the small-pox had occurred after vaccination: but, on examining this list, it is found that in 127 of them, the names or places of abode are wanting; and in 238, it is not mentioned by whom they were vaccinated, or indeed whether they ever had the disease at all In 45 cases, also, it may be inferred that the pa tients had been exposed to the small-pox infection, previously to the vaccination having been performed; and it appears that, in these instances, no proof is given that the constitutional or local symp. toms were manifested before the exposure to the variolous contagion. It is evident that Dr. Rowley has confounded mere inoculation with actual vaccination. From these observations, our readers will be able to appreciate the value of the doctor's cases; and they will probably agree with us in thinking, that it is unnecessary to pay any farther attention either to his facts or to his arguments.

In the latter part of this pamphlet, we have some interesting information respecting the effects produced by vaccination in the city of Vienna, and we find that the diminution of deaths from the smallpox has been beyond the most sanguine expectations. The following table exhibits the result of five years :

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It is painful to observe, as a contrast to this statement, that in our own metropolis" not less than 50 deaths from the small-pox occurred during the last three months of 1805." We think that the Jennerian Society is justified in attributing this circumstance.

to the contagion of the small-pox, disseminated by the means of the renewed and greatly increased practice of inoculation for this dreadful disease;" and we do not hesitate to ascribe a part at least of this evil to the mischievous publications of Dr. Rowley and his coadjutors.

In our next number, we shall resume the consideration of this subject, by noticing other publications on this controversy.

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EDUCATION, &c.

Art. 36. Tangible Arithmetic; or, the Art of Numbering made easy, by Means of an Arithmetical Toy, which will express any Number up to 16, 666, 665; and with which, by moving a few. Balls, a great Variety of Operations in Arithmetic may be performed. Intended to assist Mothers and Teachers in the Instruction of Children. By William Frend, Esq. Second Edition. 12mo. 7s. 6d. Mawman. 1806.

We have usually been, but not from intention, very late in no. ticing the ingenious and useful productions of this author. The present little tract deserves, from its intrinsic worth, to have had an earlier notice: but we now recommend it strenuously to those persons for whom, according to the title page, it was chiefly intended. It contains many useful suggestions and clever artifices of instruction; and the toy, as it is called, is a simple and ingenious machine of computation. It rarely happens that a person of Mr. Frend's accomplishments and attainments descenda to the instruction of children; and when such an event occurs, it becomes the duty of parents to avail themselves of the advantage thus held out to them. Art. 37. Exempla Erasmiana; or, English examples to be turned into Latin, according to the Order of the Rules in a Compen dium of the Latin Syntax by Erasmus ;' to which are added a few English Idiomatical Expressions, by B. D. Free, A.M. pp. 188. Robinson.

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12mo.

This production, it is said, is intended for beginners, and with that view the examples are made not only few in number, but concise in themselves. It appears to us, however, that the exemplifications and the rules are sufficiently numerous, and the Latin words abounding. However this may be, the author ludicrously estimates both his own ability and the subject on which it is employed, when, having expressed a hope of an indulgent reception, he adds that, should his tract be introduced into schools, and obtain their patronage, he shall exclaim with Horace, "Exegi monumentum ære perennius." Art. 38. Fenelon's Treatise on the Education of Daughters, translated from the French, and adapted to English Readers, with an original Chapter on Religious Studies. By the Rev. T. F. Dibdin, B.A. F.R.S. 8vo. pp. 24. 8s. Boards. Longman and Co.. It would be almost superfluous, at this period, to undertake an examination of this valuable treatise, with which the illustrious Fenelon opened his literary career. Shortly after its first appearance, he was appointed, without solicitation, to the important office of ceptor to the French princes, which laid the foundation of his splendid ecclesiastical preferment. The opinion thus unequivocally and honorably expressed by the court of France has received the fullest sanction from posterity and though more recent publications have contributed to diminish the relative value of Fenelon's work, it will still continue to be read with advantage and delight.

pre

The present translation is evidently the hasty production of a person to whom the language of the original is by no means familiar ; and the substituted chapter on religious duties offers little that is new,

and

and still less that is objectionable. The volume is ornamented with an interesting frontispiece, and the typography does great credit to the Cheltenham press.

Art. 39

Fables, antient and modern, adapted for the Use of Chil dren from three to eight Years of Age. Esq. With Copper Plates.

Hodgkins.

By Edward Baldwin, 2 Vols. 12mo. 8s. Boards.

In the execution as well as the design of this work, the author is intitled to considerable praise The usefulness of Fables in enforcing the precepts of morality, and in explaining maxims for the coduct of life, has been acknowleged in all ages to bring down, therefore, this method of teaching wisdom to the comprehension of young children is a praise-worthy undertaking The adaptation of the Fables, which are here used, consists in charging the style and language to such as will be proper in the first stages of childhood, in relating the subjects in such a manner as will engage the attention of young minds, and in explaining the several particulars so as not only to improve the mind with knowlege, but also to engage the affections on the side of virtue. Mr. Baldwin professes that he intended to make the publication a compendium of the most familiar points of natural history, and the knowlege of life, without being subjected to the discouraging arrangements of a book of science; and to be instrumental in forming the mind of the learner to habits of meditation and reflection. The intention was very laudable, and the execution of the design proves how well it has been fulfilled.

J806.

An Introduction to Geography, intended chiefly for the Use of Schools including a short Account of the Solar System, and the Use of the Terrestrial Globe; with some Remarks on the Pronunciation of the Names of Foreign Countries, &c. By Isaac Payne. 12mo. 2s. 6d. Boards. Phillips and Fardon. Mr. Payne states his object, in the present Introduction, to have been to explain in a clear and concise manner the most useful geographical terms, and to give a short description of the different countries of the world. This description is intended to embrace the boundaries, extent, chief towns, rivers, lakes, mountains, and finally the divisions of each country. He observes that, as the elements of astronomy are connected with geography, it is necessary that the learner should be made acquainted with the true figure of the earth, together with its diurnal and annual motions; as well as be furnished with a slight insight into the planetary system in general. For this reason, in the concluding part of the work, he has given a short account of the planetary system, and has inserted some useful problems on the terrestrial globe.

A few typographical errors disfigure this useful little work; and some of the late geographical arrangements have been overlooked. What will in future belong to Prussia it is not for us to guess, but it was well known that Neuchatel, which is here mentioned as subject to that kingdom, had been for some time severed from it by the heavy hand of France: but mistakes of this kind in the present day are scarcely a reproach.

Art.

Art. 41. The Sunday School Miscellany, Vol. I.

Williams and Smith.

12mo, Boards.

Our next generation, both of the rich and of the poor, ought to be very good and very pious; for numerous efforts are made to imbue their tender minds with religious principles. This compilation, designed for the use of Sunday Schools, is well intended; but it promises to be too prolix. Twelve numbers constitute the present volume, including the history of a Sunday School, Dialogues, Anecdotes, and Juvenile Hymns. In the second volume, an abridgment of Pilgrim's Progress is promised. Let the compiler recollect that, in Sunday School education, knowlege must be snatched, not taken," and therefore that brevity should be consulted.

Art. 42. Alired and Galba; or, the History of two Brothers. By J. Campbell. Small 8vo. pp. 175. 25. Williams and Smith. The principal object of this tale seems to be to instil into the minds of young persons those rigid religious principles which are usually termed methodistic; and a secondary motive, to give the reader an unfavourable opinion of the doctrine and practice of the church of Rome. Of the mode of composition, we cannot in any way approve; whatever methods may be taken to speak favourably of one religious mode of thinking, and unfavourably of another, the present is very improper; temperate discussion, and not partial colouring, is the only legitimate method. Abating, however, its religious cast in both sentiment and language, the tale is well told; and from the apt manner in which some of the elements of general knowlege are introduced, it may be useful to young people.

Art. 43. Tales for Children, in a Familiar Style; by Maria Joseph Crabb. 8vo. pp. 188. 2s. 6d. half bound. Darton and Harvey. Simple and entertaining tales are here conveyed in a familiar and ap propriate style; and their tendency is to promote the moral improve ment of the reader. The general merit of the publication, therefore, renders it worthy of a place in the Nursery Book-case.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 44. The Rights of Stock Brokers defended against the Attacks of the City of London, or Arguments to shew that Persons, buying or selling Stock only by Commisssion, do not come within the meaning of the Word Broker, mentioned in the 6 Anne, c. 16. To which is added a Statement of the Proceedings on this Sub-. ject in the Court of Requests. By Francis Bailey, of the StockExchange. 8vo. pp. 46 Richardsons. 1806.

We have here an elaborate account of the legislative provisions which respect brokers, accompanied with able comments. In the judgment of this writer, the several statutes warrant the following conclusions. 1°. That prior to the year 1697, the office and employment of a broker was defined by Act of Parliament, and well understood to be a person negotiating between merchants and tradesmen respecting their goods, wares, and merchandize and bills of exchange. 2. That on the passing of the act of 1697, a new species of trade was engrafted on the former office and employment of a broker, and which

consisted

consisted in buying and selling Exchequer bills and tallies, Bank of En gland bills and notes, and the stock of any company incorporated by Act of Parliament or Letters Patent. 3. That on the expiration of the above act in 1707, this new employment of the broker ceased and determined; and his trade was, in consequence thereof, reduced to its ancient limits. 4. That in passing the 6th Anne c. 16, the legislature intended to include under the word broker, such as are now commonly called Exchange brokers. 5. That stock brokers could not be intended by the act, since there was no funded debt at the time whereby they could gain a livelihood. 6. That neither the 10th Anne, c. 19. s. 121, nor 7 Geo. II. c. 8. s. 9. have altered the law upon this subject, since it is plainly implied therein that other persons, besides brokers, may legally buy and sell stock, and that their evidence may be admitted in a Court of Justice. 7. That the 3 Geo. II. c. 31 still preserves the ancient idea of a broker, and` defines him as in the act of James I. in. 1604, to be a person negotiating between merchants and tradesmen respecting their goods and bills of exchange. 8. And lastly, that the attempt of the city to impose this tax, or to levy the fine on any other persons than those exercising the ancient trade of a broker, is oppressive and unjust, and consequently ought to be opposed.'

Against these conclusions, the decision in the case of Janssen and Green militates, which is reported in IV Burrow, p. 2103. The Judges of the Court of King's Bench there held, that the parliamentary sense of the term broker is to be collected from Sir John Bernard's act, 7 Geo. II. c. 8. s. 9.: but it is contended by Mr. Bailey in opposition to what has been ruled in this case, that the 7 Geo. II. recognizes other persons than brokers selling stock by commission; and also that the funds, in which brokers now negotiate contracts, did not exist at the time at which the act passed. The answer of lawyers to this advocate of the brokers probably would be, that the case of the parties is within the mischief which the sta tute was intended to remedy.

Art. 45. The Miseries of Human Life; or the Groans of Samuel Sensitive and Timothy Testy, with a few supplementary Sighs from Mrs. Testy. In Twelve Dialogues. 4th Edit. boards. Miller.

12mo. 8s,

Art. 46. More Misseries!! addressed to the morbid, the melancholy, and the irritable. By Sir Fretful Murmur, Knt. 12mo. 5s. boards. Matthews and Leigh.

Among the curious inventions of the present æra, we are now to reckon the manufacture of amusement out of our miseries; and this fashion seems to take, since there is already a competition in the market. Collections of miseries to be laughed at are here arranged in a great mass-large enough, indeed, to create real distress; and, truly, in looking over these precious articles, we have had the misfortune to find but few that were exactly adapted to their purpose. In consequence, the general effect was rather sombrous than enlivening; and to vent our disappointment, we added the following to this magazine of miseries:

"Reading a book with the expectation of being convulsed with

laughter,

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