heart and one soul, offer a holy violence to heaven; because they feel that prayer is then, if ever, omnipotent, according to the expression of Theodoret: omnipotens oratio, cum sit una, tamen omnia potest. Tom. 1. p. 315.

I have only to add here some particular directions for the use of this work, in favour of such as have not been accustomed to accompany the Priest, in the prayers he says throughout the Mass, which is confessedly the most beneficial and instructive method of hearing Mass.

Let it therefore be observed, that what is contained in the Ordinary of the Mass, p. 33, is invariable and unchangable, as there directed.

Hence, when the Priest goes up to the Altar, having said a short prayer in secret, bowing before it, he says the Introit, which you are desired to seek in its proper place, that is, in the particular office of the Sunday, Feast of the Saint or Feria. After reading the Introit with him, you turn again to the ordinary, and say with him the Kyrïe, &c.

The Collect also, or Collects, the Epistle, Lesson or Lessons, Gradual, or Tract, or Alleluias, are to be looked for in the same manner as the Introit, in the particular office of the Sunday, Feast or Feria.

The same is to be observed with respect to the Gospel, Offertory, Secret or Secrets, Communion, Postcommunion or Postcommunions.-The particular Prefaces, when used, are mentioned on the Festivals, and are all found in the Ordinary.-Every Commemoration at Mass consists of a Collect, Secret and Postcommunion.

The Vespers always consist of Five Psalms, and Five Anthems, except in the Paschal time, when all the Five Psalms are said under one Anthem.-After the last Anthem follow the Little Chapter, Hymn, Versicle and Response, marked V. and R.-Then is said the Anthem at the Magnificat, and the Canticle, Magnificat. After the Magnificat, the Anthem is repeated, which is immediately followed by a Prayer, and that prayer is always the Collect at Mass.

If there be any Commemorations, they consist of an Anthem, Versicle, Response and Prayer.

DIRECTIONS

For understanding the CALENDAR, and ordering the

1. THE

Celebration of the Divine Office.

THE Office every day is either Double, Semidouble, Simple, or of the Feria.

Of Doubles, (so called because the Anthems are repeated entire both before and after the Psalms at Vespers) some are of the first Class, marked thus in the Calendar, D. 1. Cl. others of the second Class, and are marked thus, D. 2. Cl. others are greater Doubles, marked with a capital D. others Common Doubles, marked with a common d.

2. Doubles are always kept on the day marked in the Calendar, unless they chance to fall on some Sunday of the first Class, some privileged Feria, or within certain Octaves, which take place of the Festivals: In which case they are transferred to the first day not marked either as a Double or Semidouble.

The Sundays of the first Class, which take place of all Doubles whatsoever, are,

The first Sunday of Advent; the first Sunday of Lent; Passion-Sunday; Palm-Sunday; Easter-Sunday; Low-Sunday; Whit-sunday; Trinity-Sunday.

The Sundays of the second Class, which take place also of all Doubles, except those of the first Class, and of which, in that case, a Commemoration is made at Mass and in both Vespers, are, the Second, Third, and Fourth of Advent; Septuagesima, Sexagesima, and Quinquagesima; the Second, Third, and Fourth of

Lent.

The Ferias, which enjoy the same privileges as Sundays of the first Class, are, Ash-Wednesday; all HolyWeek; Whitsun-Eve; the whole Octaves of Easter and Whitsuntide.

In like manner, within the Octave of the Epiphany, no feast less than a first Class can be kept.

On all other Sundays of the year, if a Double chance to occur, it is kept with a Commemoration of the Sunday

at Mass, and at Vespers too, except the following day be a feast of the first Class.

3. A Semidouble (so called because only part of the Anthem is said before each Psalm at Vespers) is marked in the Calendar thus, sem. and occurring on any Sunday whatsoever, is put off to the first vacant day; that is, the first day on which there is neither Double nor Semidouble marked in the Calendar. The same is to be observed with regard to all Semidoubles occurring within the Octave of Corpus Christi.

4. Simples have no mark in the Calendar, and are never transferred; but if they fall on a Sunday, or on any other day, when the office cannot be said of them, a Commemoration is made at the first Vespers, and at Mass; unless it be a Feast of the first Class, (on which no notice is taken of Simples) or of the second Class, in which case a Commemoration of them is made in the first Vespers, and at a Low private Mass only.

5. The following Ferias, called Greater Ferias, take place of all Simples, of which there is only a Commemoration made at Mass, viz. the Ferias of Advent and of Lent, the Ember-Days, Tuesday in RogationWeek. A Commemoration is also made of the Ferias of Advent and Lent at Vespers and Mass, whatever feast happens; but, of the Ember-Days and Tuesday in Rogation Week, only at Mass.

6. If a Vigil happen within an Octave, the Mass is of the Vigil with a Commemoration of the Octave, unless there be a Double or Semidouble feast that day : in which case, the Mass is of the feast with a Commemoration of the Octave and of the Vigil. But if a Vigil occur on a feast of the first Class, there is no Commemoration made of it.

If a Festival, that hath a Vigil, fall on a Monday, the Mass of the Vigil is said on the foregoing Saturday, except the Vigil of Christmas and of the Epiphang.

If a Vigil happen in Advent, the Mass is of the Vigil with a Commemoration of the Feria, except the Vigil of Christmas.

If a Vigil happen in Lent, or on an Ember-Day, the Mass is of the Feria with a Commemoration of the Vigil.

In the Paschal-time there is no office of a Vigil except that of Ascension-Eve, which however is no fast.

7. When a Double of the first or second class (which is a holiday of obligation, printed in the Calendar in CAPITALS) falling on any day, is to be transferred, the obligation of the holiday is never transferred, but the faithful are obliged to assist at Mass on the day marked in the Calendar.

8. When several festivals have been translated from

their proper days; they are afterwards to be kept in this order: First those that are Doubles, and then those that are Semidoubles; and among the Doubles or Semidoubles, those, whose proper days first occurred, are to be kept first.

9. Upon all Doubles one COLLECT, SECRET, and POSTCOMMUNION only is said; except they fall on a Sunday or within some Octave, or upon some Vigil, or in the time of Lent or Advent, or except it occur with some Simple: In all which cases two COLLECTS, &c. are said; one of the Double, the other of the Sunday, Octave, Sc.

10. Upon Sundays and all Semidoubles are said three COLLECTS, SECRETS, and POSTCOMMUNIONS; excepting Sundays, which occur within an Octave, on which are said only two COLLECTS, &c. one of the Sunday, the other of the Octave.

11. The second and third COLLECTS, SECRETS, and POSTCOMMUNIONS, to be said on Sundays and Semidoubles in the different seasons of the year, are specified in their proper places.

12. Upon Semidoubles occurring within Octaves, or on Vigils, &c. the second COLLECT, SECRET, and POSTCOMMUNION are a Commemoration of the Octave or Vigil; and the third of the Blessed Virgin Mary. But, within the Octaves of the Blessed Virgin, the third is of the Holy Ghost.

13. On Semidoubles in Advent, the second COLLECT, SECRET, and POSTCOMMUNION are the COLLECT, &c. of the foregoing Sunday; the third of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

14. Upon Simples and Ferias three COLLECTS, &c. are said; but, if the Priest please, he may say five or seven, to be taken out of the Divers Prayers in the Common.

15. Upon week-days, which have no proper office, nor any saint's day occurring thereon, the Mass is of the foregoing Sunday; excepting Saturdays out of Lent, when the Mass is of our Lady on Saturday, taken out of the Votive Masses according to the season of the year: And our Lady on Saturday takes place of a Simple, of which only a Commemoration is made.

16. Upon days within Octaves, when no proper Mass is assigned, the Mass is said as on the feast, with three COLLECTS, &c.- -N. B. The days within Octaves are kept as Semidoubles only.

17. Masses of Requiem, or of the Dead, cannot be said on Doubles, unless the corpse be present. On All-Souls, on the day of the decease or burial, only one COLLECT, &c. is said; in Common Masses for the Dead, three.

18. The GOSPELS assigned on Sundays are never omitted. Wherefore if a Double is kept on a Sunday, at the end of Mass is read the GOSPEL of the Sunday, instead of that of St. John: And the same is observed when a Double or Semidouble is kept upon any day in Lent, or on a Vigil or Ember-Day.

HOLYDAYS of OBLIGATION.

All the days marked in the Calendar in CAPITAL letters. All Sundays, Easter-Day, and the Monday following. Ascension-Day, Whit-Sunday and Monday, und Corpus Christi.

FASTING DAYS.

The week days of Lent.-The Wednesdays and Fridays of Advent.-The Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays of the four Ember-Weeks: viz. the first week in Lent, Whitsun-Week, the week after the 14th of September and the third week in Advent.-The Eves of SS. Peter and Paul, of the Assumption, all Saints, and Christmas.

N. B. When a holyday falls on Monday, the fast or vigil thereof is observed on the preceding Saturday.

Days of ABSTINENCE from Flesh.

The Fridays above excepted from fasts: All Saturdays throughout the year: All Sundays in Lent: The three Rogation Days, being Monday, Tuesday, and