Addenda to Note N.

The appalling facts stated here, and at p. 174, (“ Judges were found," &c.) cannot be adverted to, by any Christian mind, without infinite pain. They have been allowed to appear in this work, on the ground, that they afford a striking view of the fearful extent of the evil complained of; and yet, no names being given, individual character is not implicated. They are, also, calculated to shew forth the grace of God, in the recent improvement which has taken place. It is added by Dr. Woods, that "the greater part of those, to whom he had referred, have since become strict Temperance-men:" and it seems reasonable to conclude, from the amazing progress of Temperance principles in America, some particulars of which will be found in this Section, that a similar improvement might be predicated in the cases noticed, at p. 174. The authority for that quotation, (inadvertently omitted) was an "Address of the Bristol Total-Abstinence Society, in defence of its Principles and Objects."

SECTION FOURTH.

THE DESIGN OF CHRISTIANITY-CONSISTING IN THE UNIVERSAL DIFFUSION OF HUMANITY, TEMPERANCE, AND CHARITY-IMPEDED AND FRUSTRATED BY THE EVILS BEFORE MENTIONED.

Recapitulation of the preceding Sections-The beneficial effects of Christianity, shewn from the nature of its Doctrines-The Gospel a scheme of Mercy for the fallen and lost-" God is love,” manifested in the Atonement-The practical influence of Faith in this truthLove animates the Christian System-The Precepts of Christianity; their spirituality and extent-The Motives of the Gospel-The Fear of God-A Judgment to come-Hope of heavenly glory-Charity, wherein it consists-Love to God and Man-The noble characters thus produced-Howard, Thornton, Wilberforce, Henry Martyn— Private instances-Humanity has founded Hospitals, &c.—Bible Society-Humanity to Animals-Temperance enjoined by Christiauity-The beneficial effects of Christianity proved by History— Change produced in the civilization of Manners-Improvement of Society--Enlargement of the Mind-Diffusion of Knowledge and Liberty-The improved condition of the Female sex-Indirect influence of Christianity-Contrast between the condition of the Poor, in England, and a Heathen land-Hindrances to these effects-Evil more easily propagated than good-Horace's description of Rome applied to Britain-Private corruption leads to Public degeneracy

Morality not enough regarded by the Legislature-Quotation from "Police of Metropolis," on this subject-Money too much regarded— Evil of the love of money-Horace's advice respecting it-Accumulation of wealth accompanied by increasing demoralization-Contrast between the wealth and wretchedness of London-Immorality caused by Inhumanity and Intemperance; terrible result of their collective influence-Remedies proposed-National Education—Information cannot be withheld-Necessity of proper instruction, to guard against influence of Demagogues-Connection between Atheism and Anarchy-Influence of Female character-Some care should be taken to preserve its purity among the lower orders-New Poor Law BillEducation the best Charity-Religious Knowledge the means of uniting the different classes of Society-Its ennobling effect-The beneficial result of its universal diffusion-Superiority of Religion above Police and Coercion-Value of Religious Men to the StateDuty of setting a good example-Chalmers-The Poor cannot be virtuous, without Religion-Answer to objection on Commercial grounds-Address to Merchants-Legislators-Christians.

In the preceding Sections, we have endeavoured to shew the great duty of Government, to diffuse among the people sound Education, and instruction in the principles and practice of true Religion; and have also pointed out some of the advantages, attending such a system of well-devised and well-executed National Education, and some of the evils, which must arise from the neglect of it. In connection with this subject, we have noticed the pernicious effects of Inordinate Competition in Worldly Pursuits ; the love of Speculation and adventure; and, in general, the love of Gain, as producing unwarrantable and cruel treatment of the Animal Creation; and have pleaded for some Restrictions, to be imposed by Government, upon the exertions required of them by mankind. This view of the subject, it will be recollected, branched off from the former,

at the point where we were endeavouring to shew, that it was the duty of Governors, not only to promote Religion and Morality among their subjects, but also to discountenance, and, if possible, to suppress whatever might tend to promote Irreligion and Immorality, and, consequently, to neutralize the beneficial effects of Christian Instruction. We proceeded, in the next place, to discuss the baneful effects of Intemperance upon the mental and physical energies of the people; especially as they are found in our large towns, and in the great Metropolis of this country, in particular, crowded together, and infecting each other with vicious habits and corrupt principles, and living, too often, without thought or provision for the future; from day to day, rising up and lying down, like the beasts of the field, and far more debased and brutalized than they. Some notice was, also, taken of the mischievous effects of Competition in the sale of Intoxicating Liquors; affording the seductive beverage at a very low price, and accompanied by attractive inducements to indulgence, which the thoughtless and deluded multitude are unable to resist. We have also urged the necessity that some Restrictions should be imposed, by Government, on the sale of these liquors, in the way of increasing the duties; and also by limiting the number of the places of sale, and instituting a rigid scrutiny into the character of those, by whom they are conducted; which last point is of such importance as to deserve more particular notice and repeated inculcation. We have added some remarks, on the great value of those institutions called Temperance Societies;

as tending directly to cut off the stream of corruption, at its source, and confine within narrow limits, if not ultimately to supersede the necessity for that demoralizing and pestiferous traffic, to which so many of our public evils and national calamities are justly attributable. It is now our business to shew, in the last place, the extent to which these evils, above named, have, separately and collectively, tended to frustrate entirely all that has hitherto been done, in promoting true Christianity throughout the land; and neutralize all the efforts of Patriots and Philanthropists to improve the condition of the labouring classes; and diffuse happiness and order, intelligence and information, peace and prosperity, virtue and piety, in every part of the country.

That true Religion, the Religion of the Holy Scriptures, has a tendency to produce happiness and prosperity, and confer the greatest benefits on mankind, cannot be doubted; if we consider either the doctrines which it teaches, the duties which it inculcates, or the effects which it has produced, even in the imperfect state, in which, at present, it exists in the world. There is still a germ of its Divine nature, though often only a germ, to be seen, springing up in the midst of the darkness, deadness, and waste wilderness-like desolation, which surrounds it. Christianity is a scheme of Mercy; a plan of Redemption and Salvation, for a lost and fallen race of creatures; who are represented as having departed from their Creator, forfeited their original purity and innocence, and involved themselves in the greatest misery and wretchedness, from