Yet he was so careful in the use of his own commonplace books, that when he was to write his defence of the Apology, and his Reply, he would not trust entirely to his own excerpts or transcriptions, but having first carefully read Mr Harding's books, and marked what he thought deserved an answer, he in the next place drew up the heads of his intended answer, and resolved what authorities he would make use of upon each head, and then, by the directions of his common-place book, read and marked all those passages he had occasion to make use of, and delivered them to some scholars to be transcribed under their proper heads, that he might have them together under his eye, when he came to write; which care and diligence of his, speaks at once both his industry, fidelity, and modesty, in that he would not trust his own transcripts, and is a just reprehension of the falsehood of those who knowingly make false citations, and of the supine negligence of those who take them upon trust from other men, and use them without any examination; by which means great mistakes are made, and controversies spring up to the disturbance of the world. The truth is, a man ought to re-examine his own thoughts; for what may seem very pertinent at a first reading to any purpose, may prove otherwise upon second thoughts, and a close observation of what goes before, or follows after in the author; and few men are so exact in their first extracts, but through haste, inadvertence or mistake, they may more or less err and be deceived; not to say that a man's intention of mind is much exalted by the fixing it upon one particular object, and the expectation of a conviction from his adversary, in case he make the least mistake. This account of our venerable bishop was given by Mr John Garbrand, who was intimately acquainted with him, in an epistle dedicatory before some of his sermons, printed in octavo, in the year 1583.

He was an excellent Grecian, and not unacquainted with the Italian tongue; and as to the Latin, he wrote and spoke it with that elegance, politeness, purity, and fluency, that it might very well be taken for his mother tongue. And certainly he took the right course to be master of it, having made himself in his youth perfectly mas ter of Horace, (upon whom he wrote a large commentary) Tully, and Erasmus, all whose voluminous and excellent works he read over, excerpted and imitated every day, especially during his continuance at Oxford; and he was then wont also to declaim extempore to himself in Latin

in the woods and groves as he walked. He was excellently read in all the Greek poets, orators, and historians, especially in the ecclesiastical historians, and, above all other, loved Gregory Nazianzen, and quoted him on all

occasions.

His learning was much improved by his exile, in which, besides his conversation with Peter Martyr and the other learned men at Strasburg and Zurick, and his society with Mr Sands, afterwards archbishop of York, who was his bed-fellow almost all the time they were in exile, his curiosity led him over the Alps into Italy, and he studied. some time in Padua, and by the acquaintance he contracted with Seignior Scipio, a great man, seems to have been very much esteemed there.

He was of a pleasant humour, extremely civil and obliging to all; but withal of great gravity, and of so severe a probity and virtue, that he extorted from his bitterest enemies a confession, that he lived the life of an angel; and though he were lame, yet till his being a bishop, he travelled for the most part a-foot, both at home and beyond the seas; he was contented in every condition, and endeavoured to make all others so, by telling them when he was an exile, that neither would their calamity last an age, neither was it reason they should bear no share of the cross of Christ, when their brethren in England fared so much worse.

He was so extremely grateful to all that had done him good, that when he could not express his gratitude to Mr Bowin his schoolmaster, he paid it to his name, and did good to all that were so called for his sake, though they were not related to that good man.

He was a most laborious preacher, always travelling about his diocese, and preaching wherever he came; wherein he laboured to speak to the apprehensions of the people, hating all light gingling discourses and phrases, as beneath the dignity of that sacred place; yet he was careful here too in the choice of his words, and endeavoured to move the affections of his auditory by pathetic and zealous applications, avoiding all high-flown expressions, and using a grave and sedate, rather than sweet way of speaking to them.

He was a man of great moderation, and expressed a great sense of the frailties of mankind, as appears by his letter to Dr Parkhurst when bishop of Norwich. "Let "your chancellor, (saith he,) be harder, but you easier; "let him wound, but do you heal; let him lance, do

you

u

you plaister; wise clemency will do more good than · ❝rigid severity; one man may move more with an en"gine, than six with the force of their hands." And accordingly he would often sit in his own consistory with his chancellor, hearing, considering, and sometimes determining causes concerning matrimony, adultery, and testaments, &c. not thinking it safe to commit all to the sole care and fidelity of his chancellor and officers. But though as a justice of peace he often sat in the courts of quarter-sessions, yet here he very rarely interposed, except his judgment were desired concerning some scruples of religion, or some other such like difficulty. So exact was his care, not to entangle himself with secular affairs; and yet not to be wanting to his duty in any case.

Though he came to a bishopric miserably impoverished, and wasted, yet he found means to exercise a prodigious liberality and hospitality. For the first, his great expence in the building a fair library for his cathedral church, may be an instance, which his successor Dr Gheast furnished with books, whose name is perpetuated, together with the memory of his predecessor by this inscription: Hac Bibliotheca extructa est sumptibus, R. P. ac D. D. JOHANNIS JEWELLI, quondam Sarum Episcopi ; instructa vero libris à R. in Christo P. D. Edmundo Gheast, olim ejusdem Ecclesiæ Episcopo, quorum memoria in Benedictione erit. A. D. 1578.

His doors stood always open to the poor, and he would frequently send his charitable reliefs to prisoners, nor did he confine his bounty to Englishmen only, but was liberal to foreigners, and especially to those of Zurick, and the friends of Peter Martyr.

But perceiving the great want of learned men in his times, his greatest care was to have ever with him in his house half a dozen or more poor lads which he brought up in learning; and took much delight to hear them dispute points of grammar-learning in Latin at his table when he was at his meal, improving them, and pleasing himself at the same time.

And besides these, he maintained in the university several young students, allowing them yearly pensions; and whenever they came to visit him, rarely dismissed them without liberal gratuities. Amongst these was the famous Mr Richard Hooker his countryman, whose parents being poor, must have been bound apprentice to a trade, but for the bounty of this good bishop, who allowed his parents a yearly pension towards his maintenance

well

well near seven years before he was fit for the university, and in the year 1567, appointed him to remove to Oxford, and there to attend Dr Cole, then president of Corpus Christi-college, who, according to his promise to the bishop, provided him a tutor, and a clerk's, place in that college; which with a contribution from his uncle Mr John Hooker, and the continued pension of his patron the bishop, gave him a comfortable subsistence; and in the last year of the bishop's life, Mr Hooker making this his patron a visit at his palace, the good bishop made him, and a companion he had with him, dine at his own table with him, which Mr Hooker boasted of with much joy and gratitude, when he saw his mother and friends, whither he was then travelling on foot. The bishop when he parted with him, gave him good counsel and his blessing, but forgot to give him money, which when the bishop bethought himself of, he sent a servant to call him back again, and then told him, "I sent for you, Richard, to

lend you a horse which hath carried me many a mile, " and I thank GOD with much ease." And presently delivered into his hand a walking staff, with which he professed he had travelled many parts of Germany; and then went on, and said, "Richard, I do not give, but "lend you my horse; be sure you be honest and bring

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my horse back to me at your return this way to Ox"ford; and I do now give you ten groats to bear your "charges to Exeter; and here are ten groats more which "I charge you to deliver to your mother, and tell her, I "send her a bishop's blessing with it, and beg the conti"nuance of her prayers for me. And if you bring my "horse back to me, I will give you ten more to carry you on foot to the college; and so GOD bless you, "good Richard." It was not long after this, before this good bishop died, but before his death he had so effectually recommended Mr Hooker to Edwin Sandys, then bishop of London, and afterwards archbishop of York, that about a year after he put his son under the tutelage of Mr Hooker, and was otherwise so liberal to him, that he became one of the most learned men of the age. Nor was Mr Hooker ungrateful, but having occasion to mention his good benefactor in that piece, he calls him, bishop [Jewel,] the ' worthiest divine Christendom hath bred for the space of 'some hundreds of years.'

But to return to bishop Jewel: he had collected an excellent library of books of all sorts, not excepting the most impertinent of the popish authors; and here it was that

he

he spent the greatest and the best part of his time, rarely appearing abroad, especially in a morning till eight of the clock; so that till that time it was not easy to speak with him; when commonly he eat some slight thing for the support of his thin body; and then, if no business diverted him, retired to his study again till dinner.

He maintained a plentiful, but sober table, and though at it he eat very little himself, yet he took care his guests might be well supplied, entertaining them in the mean time with much pleasant and useful discourse, telling and hearing any kind of innocent and diverting stories: For though he was a man of great and exact piety and virtue, yet he was not of a morose, sullen, unsociable temper; and this his hospitality was equally bestowed upon both foreigners and Englishmen.

After dinner he heard causes, if any came in; and dispatched any business that belonged to him (though he would sometimes do it at dinner too;) and answered any questions, and very often arbitrated and composed differences betwixt his people, who knowing his great wisdom and integrity, did very often refer themselves to him as the sole arbitrator, where they met with speedy, cheap, and impartial justice.

At nine at night he called all his servants about him, examined how they had spent their time that day, commended some, and reproved others, as occasion served, and then closed the day with prayers, as he began it: The time of his public morning prayers seems to have been eight.

After this, he commonly went to his study again, and from thence to bed, his servant reading some part of an author to him, to compose his mind, and then committing himself to his GOD and Saviour, he betook himself to his

rest.

He was extremely careful of the revenues of the church, not caring whom he offended to preserve it from impoverishing in an age, when the greatest men, finding the queen not over liberal to her courtiers and servants, too often paid themselves out of the church patrimony, for the services they had done the crown, till they ruined some bishoprics intirely, and left others so very poor, that they are scarce able to maintain a prelate.

There is one instance of this mentioned by all that have written our bishop's life; a courtier, (who was a lay-man,) having obtained a prebend in the church of Salisbury, and intending to let it to another lay-person for his best advantage, acquainted bishop Jewel with the conditions VOL. II. between

I