nexion again with this would follow, by a transition equally natural, some intimation both of what he hoped from them now, and what they might expect from him, whenever his affairs should be so settled as to let him act as he would. Under which head an announcement of his determination, with or without their help, to set his finances straight at once, and then to make a thorough reform in his financial administration, and especially to keep always apart from the rest and sacred to its proper uses, whatever provision was required for the public services,-would doubtless be received with great satisfaction and would silently remove out of the way the most reasonable objection to liberality in subsidies; namely, that they were not always applied to the purposes for which they were granted.

According to this scheme, whatever it was expedient to communicate to the Parliament, either in the way of information or admonition or warning or promise, could be conveyed quite naturally and decorously, without either begging or expostulating or rebuking or threatening. And though it was not to be supposed that the King wanted anybody to show him how to make a speech, it might help him to conceive the situation; and if he took in the idea, he might work it out in his own way with very good effect. How far he succeeded, it is not easy to say; for in a matter which turns upon the judicious management of words, the best reports of his speech which I have seen are not full enough or accurate enough to judge by. That he had Bacon's advice in his mind, and was trying to act upon it, is evident all through. But I gather that he did not play very well a part for which he had no great fancy. "On Saturday, in the afternoon" (says Chamberlain), "the King made a speech to the whole assembly in the Great Banqueting-Chamber, wherein he laid out his wants, and descended as it were to entreating to be relieved, and that they would show their good affection towards him in such sort, that this Parliament might be called 'the Parliament of Love.' In which kind, to begin and train them in the way, he offered them certain graces and favours, not in the way of merchandising (which course he will not allow, nor cannot abide to hear of) but of mere goodwill and motu proprio." From this it would seem that he had shown a good deal too much of the seamy side of his meditations, and had not been altogether successful in producing the impression which Bacon wanted. The paper which follows is to be regarded therefore rather as the completion of Bacon's advice as to the course which the King ought to hold with his Parliament, than as the commencement of the history of the session.

1 Chamberlain to Carleton, 14 April 1614.

2. The manner of proceeding.

3. Certain resolutions of his M.

Three regards in

calling this Parlia

MEMORIAL OF SOME POINTS WHICH MAY BE TOUCHED IN
HIS MAJESTY'S SPEECH TO BOTH HOUSES.

That his Ma. conceiveth they come up with minds to perform the contents of the writ whereby they are summoned; which calleth, not to bargain, nor to declaim, or to make long and eloquent orations, but to give counsel and consent in the hard and important causes of the Kingdom. And therefore that it were but to wrong and disparage themselves if from counsellors they should turn merchants or scholars. But of this his M. will speak no for that he is resolved this Parliament to trust his subjects and to leave them to their own good affections; and that what he hath now to say shall be not so much to frame them and work with them, as to express himself: that he hath formerly given them mirrors of himself, and those true and clear as they proceeded from him; but that still there was some interposition, which is now removed.

more;

That his Ma. will use this division for their better memory.

First to let them know the causes of the calling of
this Parliament.

Secondly to declare the manner of the proceeding
which his M. meaneth to hold this Parliament.
And lastly to acquaint them with certain of his in-
tentions and resolutions, which though they do not
properly and only concern the Parliament business,
yet they may have some pertinent relation there-

anent.

That his Majesty in calling this Parliament hath cast an eye of regard, To his house and family; To his Crown; 1. To his M's fa- and to his people.

ment.

mily.

2. To the Crown.

3. To the People. CONCERNING HIS In his M's house

M's OWN HOUSE.

God hath taken and given since the last Parliament.

That for his own house his M. must acknowledge that since the last meeting God hath mingled his cup with Sorrow and joy; so as his M. may say (but inverting the order) Dominus abstulit: Dominus dedit. Sit nomen Domini etc: it having pleased God (howsoever he hath taken his first fruits) yet still to maintain the number of his M's

tion of the Co.

Pal. etc.

posterity as it was, and the masculine number of his posterity as it was, and also to add a descent in making him a grandfather. And therefore his M. is desirous upon an occasion of so great comfort to receive a public demonstration and testimony from his Parliament of their participation therein, by an Act of Naturalisation of the Co. Act of NaturalizaPalatine, his son-in-law, and the issues of the Lady Elizabeth his daughter: wherein as for the Co. Palatine his M. will boldly say that they never made so noble an Englishman (they may have bred as noble in the person of their Kings, but they never made one so noble by Act of Naturalisation) he being extracted from the imperial race of Emperors, and the royal race of the house of Bourbon that now reigneth in France. And as for the issues of his daughter, his Ma. understands himself right well, that there is Luminare Majus and Luminare Minus in this case. For as for the Crown (whereof he hopeth they see the heir The difference, bebefore their eyes, the Prince Charles, his son) if it should tween the Crown and other things. fall to his daughter's issues, it needs no help of Parliament, but is as the Sun that hath light originally from itself; otherwise than that they may make an Act of Declaration of it, as they do in the Acts of Recognition. But for other inheritances and abilities, which may concern her issues to whom the Crown shall not fall, that is as the Moon, that borroweth light, and requireth help from the King and Parliament, wherein his Ma. knoweth they will most readily and joyfully concur. And so much for that which concerneth his own house.

AND STATE.

last Parliament

For that which concerneth his crown and state, it is not CONCERNING HIS unknown neither to his privy Council in respect of his di- MATT CROWN rections, nor to foreign princes in respect of the despatches, nor to his subjects in general by means of the vacancy of some principal places, that for these last two years his M. His M. since the hath been content to undergo the principal travel and hath managed his manage of his affairs in his own person; and therefore he business more in is not now without a survey both of his own kingdoms and of the state of Europe at this time: (if his officers had made as good surveys of his lands as himself hath done of his estate, he should have lost less in his sales than he

person.

More reason of supply of treasure in the nature of this time of peace than in many times of war.

His M. may be

ticulars, as the state of Ireland etc.

Empty coffers extreme prejudice to this state in all treaties and proceeding with foreigners, though in time of peace.

hath done). That not entering into particulars, which are Arcana Imperii, and not to be divulged, his Ma. may truly affirm that there hath been many times of war in this nation, wherein there hath not been, in true reason of estate, so great cause of supplying the King with treasure as there is now in this time of peace. For wars have been often made upon glory, and were such as mought be proceeded pleased to consi- in or given over at pleasure. But this state is at this time der in this place whether he will not environed with many occasions which may surprise them if express some par- there be not provision of treasure in omnem eventum: That besides the peril of the estate in case of wars and troubles, they may think what a prejudice it is to the Crown and kingdom for his M. to be known to have his coffers empty and to be indebted; for that there can be no negotiation nor treaty, be it of marriage, commerce, failer of justice in foreigners, or whatsoever, but it maketh the foreigner to stand upon proud terms, and to presume to work his own conditions. Nay it emboldeneth the foreigner not only to treat a cavallo, but actually to encroach and affront the state, thinking it impuissant to resent of injuries. And lastly his Majesty shall have a true trial of the loving affections of his subjects, if they shall deal kindly and worthily with him in freeing and settling both his mind and his estate at once, whereby he may the better exercise not only the political part of his office in that which concerneth the public, but even the very economic, by setting himself out of interest, making provisions before hand, taking things at just prices, and the like, which yet hitherto he hath never been able to do. That therefore this matter of supply of Treasure was the second cause of calling this Parliament and upon the grounds before remembered. For to speak to his Parliament in the language of an Accountant by setting forth the particulars of his debts, charge and renor of a Tyrant, venue, or in the language of a Merchant by crying of his royalties to sale, or in the language of a Tyrant by telling them that he most set upon the tenters his laws and prerogatives, if they will not supply him,-they were courses that were never his own; his Ma. being rather willing to rest upon their affections than to conclude them by necessities: And so much for that that concerneth the Crown.

His M. without treasure is not only disabled in the politic part but in the econo

mic.

His M. will not

speak to them in the language of an Accountant, nor of a Merchant,

M.'S PEOPLE.

be made of the

been affections either of K. or people.

prevent words

For that which concerneth his M.'s people, that his M. CONCERNING HIS (to speak plainly) was willing to call a Parliament to the end that both he mought know his subjects better and his subjects likewise mought know him better than it seemeth that the last Parliament they did. At which time The last Parliahis Ma. conceiveth there was much misunderstanding. For ment by travailing in impossibilities by labouring and breaking off in things inconvenient or and vain hopes, impossible, it could not be discerned what measure of kind- no judgment could ness and good affection on either part would have used in things convenient and possible. But that now his Ma. for his part is resolved not to entertain his people with curious tales and vain hopes, but to prevent words That his M. this with deeds and petitions with grants: wherein his Ma. for Parliament will their comfort doth let them know that he intendeth to with deeds. send down upon them (as the Scripture sayeth) both the first and the later rain: for he will send them down in the end of the Parliament a bountiful pardon, and at the first Promise of a liberal pardon, entrance hath given order to possess them with such Bills and of gracious of Grace and relief as cannot be matched in example in bills. the time of any his progenitors, and will descend as a new birth-right and advancement to all their posterity. For as Bishop Gardiner was wont to say that he meant to be Bishop an hundreth years after his death, meaning it by the long leases which he had made; so his Ma. in a contrary sense would be glad it should be said that King James were King many years after his decease in the benefits and grants and good laws which he made for the good of his subjects. And if any man thinketh that his Ma. doth this chiefly to draw on a large gift from his subjects at this time when he needeth them, his M. will say this one word and desireth it may be remembered; that when his Ma. shall find his This may have a state recovered, which with the good help of his subjects tacit reference to give hope of somehe hath vowed seriously and instantly to go thorough with, what to be done they shall find his Ma. more ready then than now to confer upon them other things which now it were not seasonable to think of; so that they may conclude that the state that his Ma. standeth in now doth put back his bounty, and not draw it on. And so much for the causes of the calling of this Parliament.

concerning the Impositions.