solution by these liquids, they were evaporated after being mixed. The residue after evaporation was a minute quantity of resinous like matter, of a fine green colour, insoluble in water, and which, by contact with dilute nitric acid, immediately changed colour; it became bluish, next violet, and lastly bright rose, by prolonged action at the ordinary temperature: this last colour finally changed to orange yellow. All these effects of successive colouration induced by this acid denote positively that the small quantity of green matter taken up by the boiling alcohol was the green substance of the bile, or chole-chroïne. The feeble action exercised by alcohol on these calculi led to the substitution of a solution of caustic potash; this liquid, even in the cold, dissolved almost in totality the mass, and disengaged at the same time a strong odour of ammonia. The alkaline solution had a fine greenish yellow hue: saturation with acids occasioned a copious flocculent precipitate, of a greenish white, which, left to itself, was found reduced after the lapse of some hours to a greenish crystalline powder, composed of small flattened needles arranged in crosses. Microscopic examination having led to the belief that this was uric acid, the fact was verified by treating it along with nitric acid at a gentle heat, and evaporating to dryness; whereupon the characteristic carmine tint of muroxide was obtained. The uric acid, which the potash menstruum had dissolved, was combined in these calculi with ammonia, as shewn by its disengagement above. It may be noticed that this acid, which in a state of purity is white, was here evidently combined with a certain quantity of the green colouring matter which neither water nor boiling alcohol was able to remove. After several attempts, however, it was completely separated by re-dissolving in a minimum of the potash solution, and adding to the liquor eight or nine times its volume of alcohol, at a temperature of 190° Fahr. This caused directly an abundant white flocculent precipitate of super-urate of potash, there being held in solution the green colouring matter combined with potash. By means of filtration and saturation with weak acetic acid, this matter was entirely withdrawn from the uric acid. The above analysis, carefully repeated on a given portion of these calculi, yielded the following results, abstractedly of the order in which the principles are combined: uric acid 62.5, green matter of the bile 121, ammonia 25'4, traces of phosphate of lime and carbonate of soda, in 100 parts; or, taking the order in which the principles ought to be distributed, urate of ammonia 87.9, green matter of the bile 121, phosphate of lime a trace, in 100 parts. These calculi, then, are not only remarkable for having uric acid as a constituent, a thing of rare occurrence in the canine race, but for having it associated with a principle peculiar to the hepatic secretion. This mixed composition would seem to favour the idea that in certain pathological states the urinary organs and the liver are so closely dependent upon each other, that the functions of the one might sometimes supply those of the other, as indeed certain physiological and pathognomonic phenomena tend to establish. Medical Gazette, Feb. 7, 1845. CONTRIBUTIONS TO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY. By Mr. J. PURVES, V.S., Hon. E. I. C. Service. No. II. CASE OF CHOAKING WITH GRAM. THE animal was admitted into the infirmary on the evening of the 7th of January, 1838, and reported to be an uncommonly greedy feeder. Symptoms:-A peculiar rattle in the throat-coughs, and discharges saliva from the mouth and nose when he coughs; said to have done so since twelve o'clock, when he was fed. It is now 7 P.M. I passed a probang, which brought away with it, or rather it was covered with, particles of gram when withdrawn. The probang was passed with great difficulty, and required force; the horse was also very troublesome, and injured his mouth with the balling-iron. He will not touch a drop of fluid. About half an hour after leaving the stable he vomited a quantity of gram by the nostrils, throwing it two or three yards from him. The rattle and the cough left him after the probang had been passed. 8th. Still refuses water. Was not allowed any food all night. Ordered to be drenched with water and oil every two hours. Appears to swallow this morning pretty well. 15th. A dreadful stench has come from the mouth and nostrils for this past week, with a discharge from the off nostril. Steamed the nostrils, and ordered liquid food, and separation from other horses. 21st. No smell from nostrils, nor any discharge for some days past. 3. CASE OF DISTENTION OF THE STOMACH. THIS animal was discharged from the infirmary, January the 21st, apparently well (see preceding case), with directions that he should be fed sparingly, and have suttoo water for some time. The symptoms now present are those of gastric irritation, accompanied with a tympanic state of the bowels. Give tinct. piperis f. 3iij, aloës 3iij, in haustus; throw up enemata; take blood from jugular vein bxvj, and scald the belly. Feb. 10th.-Relief has been afforded, but the vomiting has returned as before. Give two seers of suttoo as gruel daily. 15th.-Purulent discharge from the off nostril-vomiting less frequent. Separate from the other horses; diet spare, but nutritious. 20th.-Discharge less-animal's general health now apparently good, and he does not vomit. It is evident the discharge was caused by the food having passed through the nose, irritating its lining membrane. Diet more liberal. 27th.-The discharge has ceased, and the animal has improved in condition, and feeds well. 4.-CASE OF INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. Sept. 7th, 1839, 7 A.M.-Sent from the riding-school to the infirmary. Symptoms:-Cold profuse perspiration-vomiting by the nostrils-lying down and getting up again-conjunctiva clear, and pulse not much quickened, but full. V.S. seven quarts.; gave aloës 3vj, tinct. piper. f. 3iij; scalded the belly severely, and threw up clysters.-9 A.M., no better-ears and legs deadly cold-perspiration still more profuse. Repeat blood-letting to the amount of six quarts.-12 Noon: appears a little better.-4 P.M. Decidedly better. The hot water has produced a marked effect on the bellyanimal standing quietly. 8th.-Eats a little grass, and the urgent symptoms are no longer present. Allowed gruel, and threw up a clyster occasionally. 9th.-Much the same as yesterday; in fact, convalescent. 16th. The skin of belly sloughing, but otherwise the animal is apparently well. 5.-CASE OF INDIGESTION. THE farrier-major reported this horse about two o'clock. When I saw him, about half past two, he was lying down and rolling-vomiting by the nostrils and mouth-offensive eructations -points of the ears and extremities very cold — conjunctival membrane not injected-mouth natural-breathing laboriouspulse full, strong, and hard, but not much quickened-belly considerably swollen-cold sweats-no trembling of muscles-pupils not dilated, but eyes glassy in appearance. Diagnosis.-Distention of stomach from indigestion, but am afraid that it may be a case of rupture of that viscus. Gave tinct. piperis nig. f. žvij, sol. aloës f. živ. Bled till the pulse intermitted and the animal was ready to fall. Scalded belly and threw up clysters, which brought away a large quantity of fæcal matter. When I left him (about an hour after I saw him) I believed his stomach to be ruptured; for, after the bleeding, the ears became deadly cold and the conjunctival membrane pale; but in the evening he was getting better, and the next morning was apparently well. To be fed sparing, and suttoo water given. 6.-CASE OF INDIGESTION. ADMITTED 4th March, 1838, at 11 A.M. Symptoms.-Breathing hurried and pulse slightly quickened— belly much swollen. Gave aloës 3iv, tinct. piperis f. 3vj; at 1 P.M., spts. etheris nitric 3j.-3 P.M. no better. Repeat draught, ordered in the morning.-4 P.M. threw up aloës 3j in a clyster : after this he voided an immense quantity of wind.—6 P.м. scald belly.-10 P.M. V.S. five quarts. Despite all our efforts, the animal died during the night. Post-mortem appearances.-Stomach highly inflamed and distended with gram-small intestines inflamed-colon filled with dry undigested food, inflamed, and very much discoloured. I attribute this horse's death to want of exercise and bad grass. A number of horses (nine) were attacked at the same time, and with exactly the same symptoms; but all these got well. THE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. JANUARY 7, 1845, THE Members resumed their Meetings this evening, pursuant to adjournment over the Christmas holidays. The PRESIDENT in the Chair. Mr. Jeffraeson presented to the Library his work on "Ophthalmia," and on the table were laid the Continental Journals for the months of November and December 1844. CASE OF ENCYSTED PILARY TUMOUR. By Mr. R. READ, M.R.C.V.S. My dear Sirs, Crediton, December 28, 1844. I HAVE sent you an encysted pilary tumour, and will endeavour to give you my opinion of the formation of these growths, more particularly since cases of the kind must be rare at the College. This tumour was taken out, about a week since, from the shoulder of a cow, embedded in the centre of the muscle of the shoulder, and leaving, when removed, a corresponding concavity. It had no connexion with the external skin. I have not disturbed its contents, as I have had two or three opportunities of examining others so as to ascertain their nature. The hair in these cysts is white, and there is the same detachment of the hair annually as |