barked, unless there are ftrong fufpicions or proofs of fraudulent practices. So that no fubject of his Most Christian Majefty, or of the United States, can be ftopped or molefted for that caufe by any kind of embargo; but fuch fubjects of the State, who fhall prefume to vend or fell fuch merchandizes as are prohibited, fhall be duly punifhed for fuch infraction of the treaty.

Art. XXIX. The two contracting parties mutually grant each other the right of maintaining, in

originally digefted and fettled in the French language; to which they have affixed their hands and feals.

Given at Paris the fixth day of the month of February, one thoufand feven hundred and feventyeight.

C. A. GERARD. B. FRANKLIN. SILAS DEANE.

ARTHUR LEE.

of America.

tion.

Art. XXX. In order further to forward and facilitate the commerce between the fubjects of the United States and France, the Moft Chriftian King will allow them in Europe one or more free ports, to which they may bring and fell all the commodities and merchandizes of the Thirteen United States. His Majefty will alfo grant to the fubjects of the faid States the free ports, which have been and are open in the French islands of America; all which free ports the faid fubjects of the United States fhall enjoy, conformably to the regulations which determine that matter.

Art. XXXI. The prefent treaty fhall be ratified by both parties, and the ratifications exchanged, within the space offix months, or fooner, if may be. In witnefs of which, the refpective Plenipotentiaries have figned the above articles, both in the French and English language; nevertheless, declaring, that the prefent treaty was

MANIFESTO.

HESE United States having

Tbeen driven to hoftilities by

the oppreffive and tyrannous meafures of Great Britain; having been compelled to commit the effential rights of man to the decifion of arms; and, having been at length forced to fhake off a yoke which had grown too burthenfome to bear, they declared themselves free and independent.

Confiding in the juftice of their caufe, confiding in Him who difpofes of human events, although weak and unprovided, they fet the power of their enemies at defiance.

In this confidence they have continued, through the various fortune of three bloody campaigns, unawed by the powers, unfubdued by the barbarity of their foes. Their virtuous citizens have borne, without repining, the lofs of many things which made life defirable. Their brave troops have patiently endured the hardships and dangers of a fituation, fruitful in both bee yond example.

The

The Congrefs, confidering themfelves bound to love their enemies, as children of that Being who is equally the Father of all, and defirous, fince they could not prevent, at least to alleviate, the calamities of war, have ftudied to spare those who were in arms against them, and to lighten the claims of captivity.

The conduct of thofe ferving under the King of Great Britain hath, with fome few exceptions, been diametrically oppofite. They have laid waste the open country, burned the defencelefs villages, and butchered the citizens of America. Their prifons have been the flaughter-houfes of her foldiers, their fhips of her feamen, and the feverett injuries have been aggravated by the groffeft infults.

Foiled in their vain attempt to fubjugate the unconquerable fpirit of freedom, they have meanly af. failed the Reprefentatives of America with bribes, with deceit, and the fervility of adulation. They have made a mock of humanity, by the wanton deftruction of men: they have made a mock of religion, by impious appeals to God, whilft in the violation of his facred commands: they have made a mock even of reafon itself, by endeavouring to prove, that the li berty and happiness of America could fafely be entrusted to thofe who have fold their own, unawed by the fenfe of virtue or of fhame.

Treated with the contempt which fuch conduct deserved, they have applied to individuals; they have folicited them to break the bonds of allegiance, and imbrue their fouls with the blackest of

crimes: but, fearing that none could be found through thefe United States equal to the wickedness of their purpose, to influence weak minds, they have threatened more wide devastation.

While the fhadow of hope re mained, that our enemies could be taught, by our example, to refpect thofe laws which are held facred among civilized nations, and to comply with the dictates of a reli gion which they pretend, in common with us, to believe and revere, they have been left to the influence of that religion, and that example. But, fince their incorrigible difpofitions cannot be touched by kind. nefs and compaffion, it becomes our duty, by other means, to vindicate the rights of humanity.

We, therefore, the Congress of the United States of America, Do SOLEMNLY DECLARE AND PRO CLAIM, That, if our enemies prefume to execute their threats, or perfift in their prefent career of barbarity, we will take fuch exemplary vengeance as fhall deter others from a like conduct. We appeal to that God who fearcheth the hearts of men for the rectitude of our intentions. And in his holy prefence we declare, That, as we are not moved by any light and hafty fuggeftions of anger or revenge, fo through every poffible change of fortune we will adhere to this our determination.

Done in Congrefs, by unanimous confent, the thirtieth day of October, one thoufand feven hundred and feventy-eight.

Atteft,

CHARLES THOMSON, Sec.

CHA

Account of Michel Schuppach, the Mountain Doctor. From Coxe's Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swifferland.

YOU

Langenau, Sept. 18, 1776. OU have heard, perhaps, of Michel Schuppach, the famous Swifs doctor; of whofe intuitive fagacity in discovering the feat of diforders, and applying fuitable remedies to them, many wonderful stories are recounted by travellers, and which generally, I fuppofe, have encreased in the marvellous, like Virgil's Progrefs of Fame, in proportion as they receded from the scene of action. I am now lodged in the house of this celebrated Efculapius: it is fituated above the village of Langenau, on the fide of a fteep mountain; and, from that circumftance, he is generally known by the appellation of the phyfician of the mountain.

Upon our arrival here we found the doctor in his apartment, furrounded by a number of peafants, who were confulting him upon their refpective complaints; each having brought with him a fmall bottle, containing fome of his water: for it is by infpecting the urine that this medical fage pretends to judge of the state of the patient. His figure is exHis figure is exVOL. XXII.

In a

tremely corpulent; he has a penetrating eye; and one of the beft-humoured countenances I ever faw. He fets himself oppofite to the person who confults him, one moment examining the water, and the next the patient; and continues regarding alternately the one and the other for fome time, always whiftling during the intervals. He then opens the ftate of the cafe, acquaints the confultant with the nature of his complaints, and has often the good fortune to hit upon the true caufe. word, his knack of discovering diforders by urine, has gained fuch implicit faith in his fkill, that one might as well doubt of the Pope's infallibility before a zealous catholic, as of the doctor's in the presence of his patients. He has certainly performed feveral great cures; and the rumour of them hath brought him patients from all quarters of Europe. There are at this time in his house, and in the village, feveral English and French people, together with many Swiss, who are come hither for his advice.

The doctor was formerly, it feems, a village furgeon, has a flight tincture of anatomy, and is. esteemed a proficient in botany and chemistry; but his reputa

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