with another 'humble address,' remonstrance, and petition, reiterating their request for the dissolution of Parliament and the dismissal of Ministers. They were again repulsed, the king saying that he would consider such a use of his prerogative as dangerous to the interests and constitution of the country. Horne Tooke, anticipating such a reception, suggested to his friend Beckford, the Lord Mayor, the idea of a reply to the sovereign—a measure unexampled in our history. When the Lord Mayor had retired from the royal presence, 'I saw Beckford,' said Tooke, 'just after he came from St James's. I asked him what he had said to the king; and he replied that he had been so confused, he scarcely knew what he had said. "But," cried I, "your speech must be sent to the papers; I'll write it for you." He did so; it was printed and circulated over the kingdom, and was ultimately engraved on the pedestal of Beckford's statue in Guildhall. This unspoken speech, famous as that of a parson who had bearded a king on his throne, is as follows:

MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN-Will your majesty be pleased so far to condescend as to permit the mayor of your loyal city of London to declare in your royal presence, on behalf of his fellow-citizens, how much the bare apprehension of your majesty's displeasure would, at all times, affect their minds? The declaration of that displeasure has already filled them with inexpressible anxiety, and with the deepest affliction. Permit me, sire, to assure your majesty, that your majesty has not in all your dominions any subjects more faithful, more dutiful, or more affectionate to your majesty's person or family, or more ready to sacrifice their lives and fortunes in the maintenance of the true honour

and dignity of your crown. We do, therefore, with the greatest humility and submission, most earnestly supplicate your majesty that you will not dismiss us from your presence without expressing a more favourable opinion of your faithful citizens, and without some comfort, without some prospect at least, of redress. Permit me, sire, further to observe that whoever has already dared, or shall hereafter endeavour, to alienate your majesty's affections from your loyal subjects in general, and from the city of London in particular, and to withdraw your confidence in and regard for your people, is an enemy to your majesty's person and family, a violator of the public peace, and a betrayer of our happy constitution as it was established at the glorious and necessary revolution.

Horne's subsequent quarrel with Wilkes and controversy with Junius are well known. He had ere this formally severed himself from the Church (1773), and again taken to the study of the law. His spirited opposition to an enclosure bill procured him favour and the prospect of a fortune (never fully realised) from a wealthy client, Mr Tooke of Purley (near Reading), whose surname he in 1782 assumed. Hence also the sub-title of his greatest work, Epea Pteroenta, or the Diversions of Purley. So early as 1778 Horne Tooke had addressed a Letter to Mr Dunning on the rudiments of grammar, and the principles there laid

down were followed up and treated at length in the Diversions, of which the first part appeared in 1786, and a second part in 1805. Wit, politics, metaphysics, etymology, and grammar are curiously mingled in this work. The aim (wholly fallacious) was to prove that all the parts of speech, including those which grammarians considered as expletives and unmeaning particles, may be resolved into nouns and verbs; and the author's knowledge of the Northern languages was no less highly commended than his liveliness and acuteness. Horne Tooke commenced the Diversions during an imprisonment in the King's Bench for promoting a subscription for the Americans barbarously murdered at Lexington by the king's soldiers in 1775;' and he was afterwards debarred from the Bar by the king's orders. In 1794 he was tried for high treason, being accused with Hardy, Thelwall, and others of conspiring and corresponding with the French Convention to overthrow the English constitution. His trial, to which the eloquence of Erskine, his counsel, gave something more than temporary importance, excited intense interest, lasted several days, and ended in acquittal. He twice stood unsuccessfully for Westminster; for a short time sat in Parliament as member for Old Sarum, but did not distinguish himself either as legislator or debater; and next year was excluded by a special Act preventing clerks in holy orders from sitting in Parliament. He spent his latter years in lettered retirement at Wimbledon, entertaining his friends to Sunday dinners and quiet parties, and delighting them with his lively and all too varied conversation. His fortune he left to his natural children.

Words as Signs or Abbreviations. H.-I imagine that it is, in some measure, with the vehicle of our thoughts as with the vehicles for our bodies. Necessity produced both. The first carriage for men was no doubt invented to transport the bodies. of those who from infirmity, or otherwise, could not move themselves: But should any one, desirous of understanding the purpose and meaning of all the parts of our modern elegant carriages, attempt to explain them upon this one principle alone, viz.-that they were necessary for conveyance - he would find himself wofully puzzled to account for the wheels, the seats, the springs, the blinds, the glasses, the lining, &c. ; not to mention the mere ornamental parts of gilding, varnish, &c.

Abbreviations are the wheels of language, the wings of Mercury. And though we might be dragged along without them, it would be with much difficulty, very heavily and tediously.

:

There is nothing more admirable nor more useful than the invention of signs at the same time there is nothing more productive of error when we neglect to observe their complication. Into what blunders, and consequently into what disputes and difficulties, might not the excellent art of Short-hand writing (practised almost exclusively by the English) lead foreign philosophers, who, not knowing that we had any other alphabet, should suppose each mark to be the sign of a single sound! If they were very laborious and very learned indeed, it is

likely they would write as many volumes on the subject, and with as much bitterness against each other, as Grammarians have done from the same sort of mistake concerning Language: until perhaps it should be suggested to them that there may be not only signs of sounds, but again, for the sake of abbreviation, signs of those signs, one under another in a continued progression.

B.-I think I begin to comprehend you. You mean to say that the errors of Grammarians have arisen from supposing all words to be immediately either the signs of things or the signs of ideas: whereas in fact many words are merely abbreviations employed for despatch, and are the signs of other words. And that these are the artificial wings of Mercury, by means of which the Argus eyes of philosophy have been cheated.

H. It is my meaning.

B.-Well, we can only judge of your opinion after we have heard how you maintain it. Proceed, and strip him of his wings. They seem easy enough to be taken off: for it strikes me now, after what you have said, that they are indeed put on in a peculiar manner, and do not, like those of other winged deities, make a part of his body. You have only to loose the strings from his feet, and take off his cap. Come-Let us see what sort of figure he will make without them.

H.-The first aim of Language was to communicate our thoughts; the second, to do it with despatch. (I mean intirely to disregard whatever additions or alterations have been made for the sake of beauty, or ornament, ease, gracefulness, or pleasure.) The difficulties and disputes concerning Language have arisen almost intirely from neglecting the consideration of the latter purpose of speech which, though subordinate to the former, is almost as necessary in the commerce of mankind, and has a much greater share in accounting for the different sorts of words. Words have been called winged; and they well deserve that name, when their abbreviations are compared with the progress which speech could make without these inventions; but compared with the rapidity of thought, they have not the smallest claim to that title. Philosophers have calculated the difference of velocity between sound and light but who will attempt to calculate the difference between speech and thought? What wonder then that the invention of all ages should have been upon the stretch to add such wings to their conversation as might enable it, if possible, to keep pace in some measure with their minds ?-Hence chiefly the variety of words. (From the Diversions, Chap. i.)

The interlocutors are H., the author, and B., his friend Dr Beadon, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. See the Life by A. Stephens (1813), and Thorold Rogers's Historical Gleanings (2nd series, 1870).

Lord Thurlow (1732-1806), Lord Chancellor, was coarse in speech and manners, profane, and immoral; yet of him it was that Fox made the famous bon mot: 'No man was so wise as Thurlow looked.' Idle and insubordinate at school and college, he was sent down from Cambridge without a degree; but called to the Bar in 1754, he secured his greatest triumph by his speech in the Douglas Peerage Case (1769). A zealous supporter of Lord North, he won George III.'s good-will by upholding strongly his American policy, and became Lord Chancellor in 1778. He was at the

same time the secret and confidential adviser of the king, and the dictator of the House of Lords. Under Rockingham he undermined his colleagues; Fox and North compelled him to retire, and Pitt restored him. But when he again worked against his colleagues, Pitt told the king either he or Thurlow must retire, and the king at last assented to his dismissal (1792). He made one short speech that was 'superlatively great.' Its effect, both within the walls of Parliament and out of them, was prodigious. It gave Lord Thurlow an ascendency in the House which no Chancellor had ever possessed; it invested him in public opinion with a character of independence and honour; and this, though he was ever on the unpopular side in politics, made him always popular with the people. The Duke of Grafton, during a debate in the House of Lords, took occasion to reproach Thurlow with his plebeian extraction and his recent admission to the peerage. Thurlow rose from the woolsack, advanced slowly to the place from which the Chancellor generally addresses the House, then fixing on the Duke the look of Jove when he grasped the thunder, began in a loud voice:

'I am amazed at the attack the noble duke has made on me. Yes, my Lords,' considerably raising his voice, 'I am amazed at his Grace's speech. The noble duke cannot look before him, behind him, or on either side of him without seeing some noble peer who owes his seat in this House to successful exertions in the profession to which I belong. Does he not feel that it is as honourable to owe it to these as to being the accident of an accident? To all these noble Lords the language of the noble duke is as applicable and as insulting as it is to myself. But I don't fear to meet it single and alone. No one venerates the peerage more than I do; but, my Lords, I must say that the peerage solicited me, not I the peerage. Nay, more, I can say, and will say, that as a peer of parliament, as Speaker of this right honourable House, as Keeper of the Great Seal, as Guardian of his Majesty's Conscience, as Lord High Chancellor of England; nay, even in that character alone in which the noble duke would think it an affront to be considered as a man-I am at this moment as respectable -I beg leave to add, I am at this moment as much respected-as the proudest peer I now look down upon.'

Lord Erskine (1750-1823) left a series of printed speeches which rank amongst the finest specimens we have of English forensic oratory. Thomas Erskine was the youngest son of the Earl of Buchan, and brother of Harry Erskine, the eloquent and witty Lord Advocate of Scotland. He served both in the navy and army, but threw up his commission in order to study law at Lincoln's Inn, took also a degree at Cambridge, and was called to the Bar in his twenty-eighth year. His first speech (1778), in defence of Captain Baillie, lieutenant-governor of Greenwich Hospital (charged with libel), at once put him above all his brethren of the Bar. Next year saw an equally successful defence of Admiral Lord Keppel, and

in 1781 he secured the acquittal of Lord George Gordon. In 1783 he entered Parliament as member for Portsmouth. The floor of the House of Commons, it has been said, is strewn with the wrecks of lawyers' reputations, and Erskine's appearances there were, comparatively, failures; he never became a great parliamentary orator. His sympathy with the French Revolution led him to join the Friends of the People,' and to undertake the defence in many political prosecutions of 1793-94. His acceptance of a retainer from Tom Paine cost him his appointment as attorney to the Prince of Wales; his speeches for him and Frost, Hardy, and Horne Tooke were specially famous ; that for Hadfield (1800), indicted for shooting at George III., was a destructive analysis of the current theory of criminal responsibility in mental disease. In 1806 Erskine was raised to the peerage and the woolsack, but resigned next year, and gradually retired into private life, though he continued to mix in society, where his liveliness and wit, his vanity and eccentricities, rendered him a favourite. He died at Almondell in Linlithgowshire. In 1821 he had made a second marriage, this time at Gretna Green. He published a pamphlet on army abuses in 1772; a discussion of the war with France in 1797; a utopian political romance, Armata; a pamphlet in favour of the Greeks; and some poems. His decisions as Lord Chancellor were satirically styled the 'Apocrypha,' and added nothing to his fame. His reputation was solely forensic, and in this respect is unrivalled in the history of the English Bar. He was a zealous student of the best English literature, and knew most of Milton by heart. The following paragraphs are from Erskine's speech in defence of a publisher, Stockdale (9th December 1789), who had published a defence of Warren Hastings written by the Rev. John Logan (see page 529),

and affirmed to constitute a libel on the House of Commons:

On the Law of Libel.

Gentlemen, the question you have therefore to try upon all this matter is extremely simple. It is neither more nor less than this: At a time when the charges against Mr Hastings were, by the implied consent of the Commons, in every hand and on every table-when, by their managers, the lightning of eloquence was incessantly consuming him, and flashing in the eyes of the public-when every man was with perfect impunity saying, and writing, and publishing just what he pleased of the supposed plunderer and devastator of nations— would it have been criminal in Mr Hastings himself to remind the public that he was a native of this free land, entitled to the common protection of her justice, and that he had a defence in his turn to offer to them, the outlines of which he implored them in the meantime to receive, as an antidote to the unlimited and unpunished poison in circulation against him? This is, without colour or exaggeration, the true question you are to decide. Because I assert, without the hazard of contradiction, that if Mr Hastings himself could have stood justified or excused in your eyes for publishing this

volume in his own defence, the author, if he wrote it bona fide to defend him, must stand equally excused and justified; and if the author be justified, the publisher cannot be criminal, unless you have evidence that it was published by him with a different spirit and intention from those in which it was written. The question, therefore, is correctly what I just now stated it to be-Could Mr Hastings have been condemned to infamy for writing this book?

Gentlemen, I tremble with indignation to be driven to put such a question in England. Shall it be endured that a subject of this country may be impeached by the Commons for the transactions of twenty years-that the accusation shall spread as wide as the region of lettersthat the accused shall stand, day after day and year after year, as a spectacle before the public, which shall be kept in a perpetual state of inflammation against. him ; yet that he shall not, without the severest penalties, be permitted to submit anything to the judgment of mankind in his defence? If this be law (which it is for you to-day to decide), such a man has no trial. That great hall, built by our fathers for English justice, is no longer a court, but an altar; and an Englishman, instead of being judged in it by God and his country, is a victim and a sacrifice.

On the Government of India.

The unhappy people of India, feeble and effeminate as they are from the softness of their climate, and subdued and broken as they have been by the knavery and strength of civilisation, still occasionally start up in all the vigour and intelligence of insulted nature. To be governed at all, they must be governed by a rod of iron; and our empire in the East would long since have been lost to Great Britain if skill and military prowess had not united their efforts to support an authority which Heaven never gave, by means which it never can sanction.

Gentlemen, I think I can observe that you are touched with this way of considering the subject; and I can account for it. I have not been considering it through the cold medium of books, but have been speaking of man and his nature, and of human dominion, from what I have seen of them myself amongst reluctant nations submitting to our authority. I know what they feel, and how such feelings can alone be suppressed. I have heard them in my youth, from a naked savage in the indignant character of a prince surrounded by his subjects, addressing the governor of a British colony, holding a bundle of sticks in his hand, as the notes of his unlettered eloquence. Who is it?' said the jealous ruler over the desert, encroached upon by the restless foot of English adventure-'who is it that causes this river to rise in the high mountains and empty itself into the ocean? Who is it that causes to blow the loud winds of winter, and that calms them again in the summer? Who is it that rears up the shade of those lofty forests, and blasts them with the quick lightning at his pleasure? The same Being who gave to you a country on the other side of the waters, and gave ours to us; and by this title we will defend it,' said the warrior, throwing down his tomahawk upon the ground, and raising the war-sound of his nation. These are the feelings of subjugated man all round the globe; and, depend upon it, nothing but fear will control where it is vain to look for affection. . . .

It is the nature of everything that is great and useful,

both in the animate and inanimate world, to be wild and irregular, and we must be contented to take them with the alloys which belong to them, or live without them. Genius breaks from the fetters of criticism, but its wanderings are sanctioned by its majesty and wisdom when it advances in its path: subject it to the critic, and you tame it into dullness. Mighty rivers break down their banks in the winter, sweeping away to death the flocks which are fattened on the soil that they fertilise in the summer: the few may be saved by embankments from drowning, but the flock must perish from hunger. Tempests occasionally shake our dwellings and dissipate our commerce; but they scourge before them the lazy elements, which without them would stagnate into pestilence. In like manner, Liberty herself, the last and best gift of God to his creatures, must be taken just as she is: you might pare her down into bashful regularity, and shape her into a perfect model of severe scrupulous law, but she would then be Liberty no longer; and you must be content to die under the lash of this inexorable justice which you had exchanged for the banners of Freedom.

Justice and Mercy.

Every human tribunal ought to take care to administer justice, as we look, hereafter, to have justice administered to ourselves. Upon the principle on which the Attorney-general prays sentence upon my client-God have mercy upon us! Instead of standing before him in judgment with the hopes and consolations of Christians, we must call upon the mountains to cover us; for which of us can present, for omniscient examination, a pure, unspotted, and faultless course? But I humbly expect that the benevolent Author of our being will judge us as I have been pointing out for your example. Holding up the great volume of our lives in his hands, and regarding the general scope of them, if he discovers benevolence, charity, and good-will to man beating in the heart, where he alone can look-if he finds that our conduct, though often forced out of the path by our infirmities, has been in general well directed-his all-searching eye will assuredly never pursue us into those little corners of our lives, much less will his justice select them for punishment, without the general context of our existence, by which faults may be sometimes found to have grown out of virtues, and very many of our heaviest offences to have been grafted by human imperfection upon the best and kindest of our affections. No, gentlemen; believe me, this is not the course of divine justice, or there is no truth in the Gospels of Heaven. If the general tenor of a man's conduct be such as I have represented it, he may walk through the shadow of death, with all his faults about him, with as much cheerfulness as in the common paths of life; because he knows that, instead of a stern accuser to expose before the Author of his nature those frail passages which, like the scored matter in the book before you, chequers the volume of the brightest and best-spent life, his mercy will obscure them from the eye of his purity, and our repentance blot them out for ever.

Charles James Fox (1749-1806), the great Whig statesman and orator, during his intervals of relaxation from public life, among other literary studies and occupations commenced a History of the Reign of James II., intending to continue it to the settlement at the Revolution of 1688. An Introductory Chapter, giving a rapid view of our

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constitutional history from the time of Henry VII., he completed. He wrote also some chapters of his History; but at the time of his death he had brought it down only to Monmouth's execution. Public affairs, private pleasures, and a devotion, eclectic and profound, to the classics, and to works of imagination and poetry, were constantly drawing him off from historical research; furthermore, he was fastidiously scrupulous as to the niceties of language, and wished to form his plan exclusively on the model of the ancient writers, without note, digression, or dissertation. He once assured me,' reported his nephew, Lord Holland, 'that he would admit no word into his book for which he had not the authority of Dryden.' We need not, therefore, wonder that Fox died before completing his History. In 1808 the fragment was given to the world by Lord Holland, a History of the Early Part of the Reign of James II., with an Introductory Chapter. An Appendix of original papers was also added. The History is plainly written, without pedantry or pretence; but the style of the great statesman, spite of the care bestowed upon it, is far from perfect. It wants force and vivacity, as if graphic clearness of narrative and distinct perception of events and characters had evaporated in the process of elaboration; and there is little trace of the power of the brilliant parliamentary debater.

See two works by Earl Russell (1853-66), Sir G. O. Trevelyan's Early Life of C. J. Fox (1880), and the Life by H. O. Wakeman (1890).

George Chalmers (1742-1825), born at Fochabers in Moray, practised as a lawyer at Baltimore from 1763 until the breaking out of the American War of Independence. He then settled in London (1775), and in 1786 became Clerk to the Board of Trade. His History of the United Colonies, from their Settlement till Among the Peace of 1763, appeared in 1780. his numerous works were a Life of Sir David Lyndsay, with an edition of his works, and a Life of Mary, Queen of Scots, from the State Papers. In 1807 he commenced the publication of his Caledonia, of which three large volumes had appeared before his death. It contains a laborious antiquarian detail of the earlier periods of Scottish history, with minute topographical and historical accounts of the various provinces of the country. A reprint (Paisley, 1888-95) comprised the matter prepared for the unpublished fourth volume, and a copious and much-needed index.

John Gillies (1747-1836), born at Brechin, studied at Glasgow, and was travelling tutor to three sons of the Earl of Hopetoun. In 1793 he succeeded Robertson as Historiographer for Scotland. The monarchical spirit of his History of Ancient Greece, its Colonies and Conquests (2 vols. 1786), was scarcely less decided than that of Mitford's. The history of Greece,' he says, 'exposes the dangerous turbulence of democracy, and

arraigns the despotism of tyrants. By describing the incurable evils inherent in every republican policy, it evinces the inestimable benefits resulting to liberty itself from the lawful dominion of hereditary kings and the steady operation of wellregulated monarchy.' Dr Gillies also translated from Aristotle, and wrote a View of the Reign of Frederick II. of Prussia (1789), a History of the World from the Reign of Alexander to Augustus (1807-10), and other works.

Malcolm Laing (1762–1818), Scottish historian, was born at his paternal estate on the Mainland of Orkney, educated at Kirkwall and Edinburgh University, and called to the Scottish Bar in 1785. He appeared as an author in 1793, having completed Dr Henry's History of Great Britain. The sturdy Whig opinions of Laing formed a contrast to the tame moderatism of Henry, and his attainments and research were far superior to those of his predecessor. In 1800 he published The History of Scotland from the Union of the Crowns to the Union of the Kingdoms; with Dissertations on the Gowrie Conspiracy and on Ossian's Poems. Laing attacked the translator of Ossian with unmerciful and almost ludicrous severity; in revenge, the Highland admirers of the Celtic Muse attributed his sentiments to the prejudice natural to an Orkney man. Laing replied in The Poems of Ossian, &c., containing the Poetical Works of James Macpherson, Esq. (1805). In 1804 he published a second edition of his History of Scotland, to which he prefixed a Preliminary Dissertation on the Participation of Mary Queen of Scots in the Murder of Darnley, on the whole his acutest and ablest work. Member for Orkney and Shetland 1807-12, Laing spent the last ten years of his life on his paternal estate in Orkney, where he promoted with ardour local and agricultural improvement.

John Pinkerton (1758–1826), born in Edinburgh, and bred for the law, in 1780 settled in London as a man of letters, in 1802 in Paris. His twenty-four works include Essay on Medals (1787); Origin of the Scythians or Goths (1787), in which he fell foul of the Celts; Enquiry into the History of Scotland preceding the Reign of Malcolm III. (1790); History of Scotland, 1371-1542 (1797); Walpoliana (1799); and Modern Geography (1802-7). A vehement partisan and controversialist, he was an industrious collector of forgotten fragments of history, of Scottish Ballads (1783) and Ancient Scottish Poems (1786), but was neither a discriminating nor conscientious editor.

Joseph Ritson (1752–1803), a London conveyancer, born at Stockton-on-Tees, of Westmorland family, was indefatigable in his labours to illustrate English literature, particularly the neglected ballad-strains of the nation. He published in 1783 a valuable Collection of English Songs; in 1790, Ancient Songs, from the time of Henry III. to the Revolution; in 1792, Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry; in 1794, A Collection

of Scottish Songs; in 1795, A Collection of all the Ancient Poems, Songs, and Ballads relating to Robin Hood. And he edited Minot and Ancient Metrical Romances, and produced sundry anthologies. Ritson was a faithful and acute editor, profoundly versed in literary antiquities, but of a jealous, irritable temper, and prone to an acerbity in criticism and comment which kept him in a state of constant warfare with almost all his brother-collectors, except Sir Walter Scott. He attacked Joseph Warton and Bishop Percy with ferocity, though often his objections were not without just ground; he scolded Johnson and Steevens for their text of Shakespeare, nor did Malone's escape. He was in diet a strict Pythagorean, and wrote a treatise against the use of animal food. Sir Walter Scott, who bore ample testimony to the merits of this unhappy gleaner in the by-paths of literature, wrote to his friend Ellis in 1803: 'Poor Ritson is no more. All his vegetable soups and puddings have not been able to avert the evil day, which, I understand, was preceded by madness.'

Richard Porson was born on Christmas Day 1759 at East Ruston in Norfolk, son of the parish clerk. He was sent to a village school, and was afterwards taken in hand by the curate; and a neighbouring squire sent the precocious boy to Eton. In 1778 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, was elected a scholar, won the Craven Scholarship and the first chancellor's medal, and in 1782 was elected a Fellow. He now began to contribute to reviews; his Nota brevis ad Toupii Emendationes in Suidam (1790) carried his name beyond England. In 1787 appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine his three sarcastic letters on Hawkins's Life of Johnson; and during 1788-89 his far more famous letters to Archdeacon Travis on the spurious verse 1 John v. 7, which brought him no little odium, and were reprinted as a volume in 1790. In 1792 he was appointed regius professor of Greek at Cambridge; in 1795 he edited Æschylus, and in 1797-1801 four plays of Euripides; and in 1806 he was appointed librarian of the London Institution, but sadly neglected his duties. Struck down with apoplexy on the 19th of September 1808, he died six days later. Porson possessed a stupendous memory, unwearied industry, great acuteness, fearless honesty, and masculine sense, but was hampered and hindered all his life by poverty, ill-health, dilatoriness, and fits of intemperance. He achieved little, besides the works already named, but a few bon-mots, some brilliant emendations, and the posthumous Adversaria (1812), notes on Aristophanes (1820), Pausanias (1820) and Suidas (1834), and the lexicon of Photius (1822). His love of drink amounted to a passion, or rather disease; Byron describes him as hiccuping Greek like a helot at the evening parties at Trinity College. But his company was irresistibly charming to his intimates; when at night he was in his glory, 'he poured out torrents of various