B | landing scattered the besiegers. A leading man among them, one Helias (the earl of Flesche, competitor for the earldom of Maine), was taken prisoner, and brought before the king, who saluted him with a jeer, "I have you, master." To this his high-minded captive (whom as the historian remarks, his imminent danger could not teach prudence or humble language), replied, "It was by mere chance you took me; if I could escape, I know what I would do." Upon this William, almost beside himself with rage and fury, elenching his fist at Helias, exclaimed, “You rascal! what would you do? Begone away! fly!" and "By the face of Lucca! (per vultum de Lucca) if f you conquer me I will make no terms with you for this free pardon." | In consequence of different legends of "The Holy Face" existing in the Church of Rome, I was for some time under a mistake as to the real origin of this oath. "The Face of Lucca," however, by which William swore, was undoubtedly a crucifix in that town. Butler, in a note on the life of St. Veronica of Milan, calls it a very ancient miraculous crucifix, in the Chapel of the Holy Cross in the Cathedral dedicated to St. Martin. Lord Lyttleton says, There is at Lucca, in Tuscany, an ancient figure of Christ brought there miraculously, as they pretend, and which they say still continues to work miracles. They call it Ilsanto colto di Lucca, and are so proud of possessing it, that it is stamped on their coin with this legend, Sanctus cultus de Lucca." ON SURNAMES. THE names which were at first given to men seem to have had a relation either to some remarkable quality by which an individual might be distinguished, or to some particular circumstance in his history. Although there be many names, of the Of meaning of which all trace has been lost, yet it is by no means probable that any senseless sound was ever applied as a designation to man. this we have so many examples in sacred and profane history, that we may draw this conclusion from analogy, as well as probability. Thus the word Adam, in the Hebrew language, signifies earth, and was given to the parent of mankind in remembrance of his being formed out of the dust of the ground. When Eve exclaimed, in her joy at the birth of her first-born son, "I have gotten a man from the Lord," she gave to him the name of Cain, which signifies possession. To the Jewish lawgiver was given the name of Moses, which, in the Hebrew tongue, is drawn forth, in remembrance of his being drawn out of the water by the daughter of Pharaoh. Numberless similar instances might be adduced from Holy Writ, as well as from the Greek and Roman languages. Turn we now to the ancient form of our own language, the AngloSaxon, in which we shall find abundant proof of what has been asserted. Thus Gilbert signifies an illustrious pledge; Wilfred, peace to many; Edmund, happy peace; Conrad, powerful in counsel; Albert, all illustrious; with numberless others. The use of surnames, as applied to individuals, is as ancient as the time of Jacob; to whom the name of Israel, or a prince with God, was given, in remembrance of his having wrestled with the angel, and prevailed. We find, also, among the Greeks, such surnames as Poliorcetes, the destroyer of cities; Halicarnassensis, the Halicarnassian; with others of like import. Among the Romans, surnames began early to be used as hereditary distinctions; being derived, as names were anciently, from some qualification of the bearer, or event in his history. Thus the surname of Cor vus, was applied to a family whose | ville......" "Neither," says he, ancestor supposed himself to have received assistance from a crow on the field of battle. One who was consul of Rome, after the kings were expelled, was surnamed Publicola, from his friendship for the people. The ancestor of the great orator Marcus Tullius, when he had successfully cultivated the Cicer or vetch, was surnamed Cicero. All these names, and numberless others of like import, descended to the posterity of those who first bore them. I suppose the Romans were the only nation in old time who bore hereditary surnames. Amongst the barbarous people who possessed, in their room, the different countries of Europe, it is not unlikely that such might be applied to individuals distinguished among their brethren by some notable quality. It was in the eleventh century that they began to be adopted universally throughout Europe, as hereditary marks of distinction, and they were introduced by the Norman invaders. At first, it would seem, they were confined to the gentry, or nobility; who, to their Christian names, commonly added the names of those towns or villages of which they were severally lords, whether in Normandy or England: as Roger de Montgomery, William de Courtney, Joceline de Percy, William de Copeland, Thomas de Stanley, &c.* "The most surnames in number," says Camden, "the most ancient, and of best account, have been local, deduced from places in Normandie and the countries confining, being either the patrimonial possessions, or native places of such as served the Conqueror, or came in after, out of Normandy; as Mortimer, Warren, Albigny, Gournay, Devereux, Tanker *There is yet, in the south-west part of Cumberland, a family whose forefathers have been lords, these eight centuries, of the Mage whose name they bear. "is there any village in Normandy that gave not denomination to some family in England." Moreover, several surnames were formed by add. ing Fitz (or son), to the name of the bearer's father; as Fita Osborne, Fitz Stephen, Fitz Patrick, Fitz Gerald, &c.; this addition not being, at that time, the mark of illegitimacy. Others there were which denoted the quality or occupation of the bearer; as Basset, the Fat; Giffart, the liberal; Howard, the high war den; Botelar, the grand butler, &c. In course of time the use of sarnames was adopted by the other classes, who added to their Christian names the titles of their crafts: as Smith, Baker, Fowler, Turner, &c. ; or the names of their fathers; as Thomson, the son of Thomas; Dicks, the son of Dick; Lawson, the son of Lawrence; Hodgson, the son of Roger; Gibson, the son of Gilbert, &c. or the qualities of body or mind for which they were distinguished: as Long. Grey, Brown, Love, Humble, Young, Slender, &c. Of those surnames which are in use in our days, many proceed from the causes above mentioned, as well as from others which it would be endless here to enumerate. It would be well, however to mention a few of the changes which many of those first alluded to have undergone; thus, for de Bello Monte, we read Beaumont; for de Cadureis, Chaworth; for de Malo Lacu, Marley; for de Nová Villá, Neville; for de Insula, Lisle; for de Altâ Ripá, Dealtry, &c. We can no more, at sight of a name, determine the rank of him who bears it. They whose fathers wielded the lance or the battle-axe, now handle the ploughshare, or those bold yeomen, who drew the strike the anvil; and the sons of bow or tilled the ground, now make laws for their fathers' land. STATUE OF KING CHARLES nouncing his return, was hailed with THE SECOND, AT CHELSEA. In the centre of the large court of the Royal Hospital at Chelsea, is a bronze statue of King Charles the Second, in the costume of a Roman emperor; it would, however, have been more valuable, as an historical monument, had it represented him in the dress of his own time and country. This statue is the work of Grinling Gibbons, and was the gift of Mr. Tobias Rustat, underkeeper of Hampton-court palace, and yeoman of the robes to the above king. shouts of exultation*. When the King entered London, on the 29th of May, 1660, which was also his birth-day, and a day of public thanksgiving +, so great and general was the rejoicing, that, “s man could not but wonder where those people dwelt, who had done all the mischief, and kept the king so many years from enjoying the comfort and support of such excellent subjects." A previous occurrence in the lif of Charles the Second, of which his recovery of his rightful dominions strongly reminds us, is truly interest ing, as exhibiting Royalty in the midst of such dangers and trouble as, if told of a private individual, could not fail to touch our feelings. We allude to his escape from Wor the young monarch after his unfor tunate defeat at Dunbar; wha Oliver Cromwell, with an army about 30,000 men, fell upon that city on the 3rd of September, 1651, and gained a victory, which he after wards thought proper to call "his crowning mercy." In the following narrative of the circumstances attending King Charles's flight, we shall follow an account which was published, London, in 1660. Great was the delight shown by the English nation at the return of their banished sovereign; the populags frenzy which had caused his father's murder, and his own absence in a foreign land, being then at ancester, which had been the refuge end. We are told of men, partieularly of Oughtred, the mathematician, who died of pleasure when informed of this happy event. On looking into the reasons for such amazing proofs of joy, we find that they existed, not so much in any particular esteem for the person or character of Charles, as in the cheering prospects opened to the country, by the restoration of peace, of law, and justice, and of a lawful Monarch. For many years preceding, England had suffered dreadfully from the calamities of civil war, in which every man's hand was against his neighbour and his brother. In this state of things, private property could not be secure; and, amidst the ever-shifting scenes of anarchy and confusion, loyal men, whether or not they had the additional ties of families and fortunes, were in constant doubt and dread of what might happen next. From such an unsettled condition of affairs, the change to security and order was most welcome, and the proclamation ing Charles the Second an The King, having shown great, personal courage in the battle, was compelled to quit Worcester, the fidelity and affection of which city deserve to be remembered. Hy was accompanied by many English lords and gentlemen, Charles Gifford, Esq., who was presented by the Ear of Derby, being appointed his coff ductor. Colonel Carlos, or Carless, *The House of Commons voted 5001. ↑ buy a jewel for Sir John Grenville, who had brought them his Majesty's letter from Breda. There was a second thanksgiving, o the 6th of June following. was commanded with a party to bear the brunt of the pursuing enemy, and to keep them off, which he did with prudence and valour. Early on the following morning, the King and his friends, eighty in all, reached a place called White Ladies, house in the parish of Tong, about twenty-five miles from Worcester. One George Pendrill, living at this house, hearing a knocking at the gate so early as three o'clock, went to the window, and knowing the voice of one of the party, Francis Yates, who answered him, he opened the door, when the king with most of his lords entered the hall. Here the Earl of Derby called for William Pendrill, the eldest brother, and sent George to Tong to see that the coast was clear. In his return, he met with his brother Richard, who by Mr. Gifford's direction made haste and brought with him his best clothes, which were, a jump, (or short coat,) and breeches of green coarse cloth, and a doeskin leather doublet; the hat was borrowed of Humphry Pendrill, the miller, being an old grey one, turned up at the brims; the shirt, made of the coarsest of the hemp, was got of one Edward Martin; the band of George Pendrill, and the shoes of William Creswel; all which the King, having taken off his own clothes, quickly put on. His own suit was buried: the jewels off his arm he gave to one of his lords. Then came Richard Pendrill with a pair of shears, and rounded the King's hair, which Lord Wilmot having cut before with a knife, had awkwardly notched; "and the King was pleased to notice Richard's good barbering as better than my lord's; and now his Majesty was quite the woodman." All that evening they hid themselves in a dry pit, for fear of a troop of horse, which, however, turned out to be a company of friends to the king. The Earl of Derby, with, the other lords, then sorrowfully consented to retire; but before he took his leave, he brought William Pendrill to the king, and solemnly com mitted the care of his most sacred majesty to him and his brothers. The company being all gone,a wood-bill was brought and put into the king's hand, and he went out with Richard into the adjoining woods. William went home, Hum phry and George remaining about the woods. But the king had not been an hour out of the house when a troop of the enemy's horse arrived at White Ladies in search of him. Being told by the neighbours that a number of horsemen, and, as they supposed the king with them, had quitted the village three hours ago, in a certain direction, they instantly left, following that course. The weather happened to be very wet during the first day of the king's being in the wood, upon which a blanket was brought to throw over his shoulders. Francis Yates's wife also came, with a mess of milk, eggs, and sugar, in a black earthen cup, which the king guessed to be milk and apples, and said he liked it very well. After he had eaten and drank, he gave the rest to George. He then exchanged his wood-bill for Yates's broom-hook, which was lighter. They had some trouble, all that day, to teach his majesty the countryman's manner, and to order his steps and straight body to a labourer's gait, and were forced, every now and then, to remind him of it. As to the language of the country, the king's kind conversation with the people, in his journey to Worcester, and while there, had made it easy to him. About five o'clock that evening, they all went home to Richard's house, where the king passed under the name of William Jones, a woodcutter, lately come there for work. |