barked, unless there are ftrong fufpicions or proofs of fraudulent practices. So that no fubject of his mott Chriflian Majefty, or of the United States, can be stopped or molested for that caufe by any kind of embargo; but fuch fubjects of the State, who fhall prefume to vend or fell fuch merchandizes as are prohibited, fhall be duly punifhed for fuch infraction of the treaty. Art. XXIX. The two contracting parties mutually grant each ether the right of maintaining, in their respective ports, Confuls, Vice Confuls, Agents, and Com. By the Congrefs of the United States miffaries, whofe bufinefs fhall be regulated by a particular conven tion. Art. XXX. In order further to forward and facilitate the commerce between the fubjects of the United States and France, the Moft Chriftian King will allow them in Europe one or more free ports, to which they may bring and fell all the commodities and merchandizes of the Thirteen United States. His Majefty will alfo grant to the fubjects of the faid States, the free ports, which have been, and are open, in the French islands of America; all which free ports the faid fubjects of the United States fhall enjoy, conformably to the regulations. which determine that matter. Art. XXXI. The prefent treaty fhall be ratified by both parties, and the ratifications exchanged, within the space of fix months, or fooner if may be. In witnefs of which, the refpective Plenipotentiaries have figned the above articles, both in the French and English language, nevertheless declaring, that the prefent treaty was of America, MANIFESTO. HESE United States having TH been driven to hoftilities by the oppreffive and tyrannous meafures of Great Britain; having been compelled to commit the effential rights of man to the decifion of arms; and having been at length forced to shake off a yoke which had grown too burthenfome to bear, they declared themselves free and independent. Confiding in the juftice of their caufe, confiding in Him who difpofes of human events, although weak and unprovided, they fet the power of their enemies at defiance. In this confidence they have continued, througa the various fortune of three bloody campaigns, unawed by the powers, unfubdued by the barbarity of their foes. Their virtuous citizens have borne, without repining, the lofs of many things which made life defirable. Their brave troops have patiently endured the hardships and dangers of a fituation, fruitful in both beyond example. The The Congress, confidering them felves bound to love their enemies, as children of that Being who is equally the Father of all, and defirous, fince they could not prevent, at leaft to alleviate the calamities of war, have studied to spare those who were in arms against them, and to lighten the chains of captivity. The conduct of thofe ferving under the King of Great Britain hath, with fome few exceptions, been diametrically oppofite. They have laid waste the open country, burned the defenceless villages, and butchered the citizens of America. Their prisons have been the flaughter-houfes of her foldiers, their fhips of her feamen, and the fevereft injuries have been aggravated by the groffeft infults. Foiled in their vain attempt to fubjugate the unconquerable (pirit of freedom, they have meanly affailed the Representatives of America with bribes, with deceit, and the fervility of adulation. They have made a mock of humanity, by the wanton deftruction of men: they have made a mock of religion, by impious appeals to God, whilft in the violation of his facred commands: they have made a mock even of reafon itself, by endeavouring to prove, that the liberty and happiness of America could fafely be entrusted to thofe who have fold their own, unawed by the sense of virtue, or of shame. Treated with the contempt which fuch condu& deserved, they have applied to individuals; they have folicited them to break the bonds of allegiance, and imbrue their fouls with the blackest of crimes: but fearing that none could be found through thefe United States, equal to the wickedness of their purpose, to influence weak minds, they have threatened more wide devaftation. While the fhadow of hope remained, that our enemies could be taught by our example to refpect thofe laws which are held facred among civilized nations, and to comply with the dictates of a religion which they pretend in common with us to believe and revere, they have been left to the influence of that religion, and that example. But fince their incorrigible difpofitions cannot be touched by kindnefs and compaffion, it becomes our duty by other means to vindicate the rights of humanity. We, therefore, the Congrefs of the United States of America, DO SOLEMNLY DECLARE AND PROCLAIM, That if our enemies prefume to execute their threats, or perfift in their prefent career of barbarity, we will take fuch exemplary vengeance as fhall deter others from a like conduct. We appeal to that God who fearcheth the hearts of men, for the rectitude of our intentions. And in his holy prefence we declare, That as we are not moved by any light and hafty fuggeftions of anger or revenge, io through every poffible change of fortune we will adhere to this our determination. Done in Congress, by unanimous confent, the thirtieth day of October, one thoufand feven hundred and feventy-eight. Atteft, CHARLES THOMSON, Sec. СНА CHARACTER S. Account of Michel Schuppach, the Mountain Doctor. From Coxe's Sketches of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Swifferland. Langenau, Sept. 18, 1776. OU have heard, perhaps, of Michel Schuppach, the famous Swifs doctor; of whofe intuitive fagacity in difcovering the feat of diforders, and applying fuitable remedies to them, many wonderful ftories are recounted by travellers, and which generally, I fuppofe, have encreated in the marvellous, like Virgil's Progrefs of Fame, in proportion as they receded from the fcene of action. I am now lodged in the houfe of this celebrated Afculapius: it is fituated above the village of Langenau, on the fide of a fteep mountain; and from that circumftance he is generally known by the appellation of the physician of the mountain. Upon our arrival here we found the doctor in his apartment, furrounded by a number of pea fants, who were confulting him upon their respective complaints; each having brought with him a fmall bottle, containing fome of his water: for, it is by infpecting the urine that this medical fage pretends to judge of the ftate of the patient. His figure is exHis figure is exVOL. XXII. tremely corpulent; he has a penetrating eye; and one of the beft-humoured countenances I ever faw. He fets himself oppofite to the perfon who confults him, one moment examining the water, and the next the patient; and continues regarding alternately the one and the other for fome time, always whittling during the intervals. He then opens the ftate of the cafe, acquaints the confultant, with the nature of his complaints, and has often the good fortune to hit upon the true caufe. In a word, his knack of difcovering diforders by urine, has gained fuch implicit faith in his skill, that one might as well doubt of the Pope's infallibility before a zealous catholic, as of the doctor's in the prefence of his patients. He has certainly performed feveral great cures; and the rumour of them hath brought him patients from all quarters of Europe. There are at this time in his house, and in the village, feveral English and French people, together with many Swifs, who are come hither for his advice. The doctor was formerly, it feems, a village furgeon, has a flight tincture of anatomy, and is eleemed a proficient in botany and chemistry; but his reputa B tion tion as a phyfician has now been eftablished fome years. He is faid to have but little acquaintance with the theory of phyfic; the greatest part of his knowledge being derived from his extenfive practice, notwithstanding he never ftirs a quarter of a mile from his own houfe; for he would not take the trouble of going to Berne, even to attend the King of France. cured a match for her fo early, he faid, to prevent her being fpoiled by the young gentlemen telling her fhe was pretty, and infpiring her with the ambition of marrying above her rank. It is more than probable, that much of this extraordinary man's fuccefs in his practice, is owing to the great faith of his patients, to the benefit they receive from change of climate, to the falubrious air of this mountain, and to the amufement arifing from that conftant fucceffion of different company which affemble in this place, in order to apply to him for affiftance. But whatever may have been the caufes of his celebrity, it has come to him, as all accounts agree, unfought for by himself. He has certainly many excellent qualities: humane and charitable to the highest degree; he not only furnishes the indigent peasants who confult him, with medicines gratis, but generally makes them a prefent in money befides; and he always appropriates a certain portion of his gains to the poor of his parifh. His wife, as alfo his grand-daughters who live with him, are dreffed like the peafant women of the country; and he has fhewn his good fenfe in giving the latter no better than a plain education: the eldest he bestowed in marriage, when he was but fifteen, upon One of his affiftants, and gave with her 1300l. no inconfiderable portion for this country. He pro If domestic harmony, and the most perfect fimplicity of manners, have any pretenfions to pleafe, you would be highly delighted with this rural family. The wife is a notable, active woman, and not only fuperintends all the houfhold affairs with remarkable cleverness, but even performs great part of the bufinefs with her own hands: fhe affifts her husband likewife in making up his medicines; and as he talks no other language than the Swifs-German, the ferves occafionally as his interpreter. And, as a proof of his confidence in her adminiftration of his affairs, the acts also as his treasurer, and receives all his fees; which, in the courfe of a year, amount to a confiderable fum: for, although he never demands more than the price of his medicines, yet no gentleman confults him without giving him an additional gratuity. Many prefents have likewife been made to herself, from perfons who have reaped benefit by her hufband's prefcriptions: feveral of thefe confift of valuable trinkets, with which on days of ceremony the decks herself forth to the bett advantage, in the fimple dress of the country. The family fit down to table regularly at twelve o'clock; there are always fome ftrangers of the party, confifting not only of a certain number of perfons who are under the doctor's case, but of travellers like ourselves, who are led hither by motives of mere curio fity. When the weather is fine, and their guests more numerous than ufual, dinner is ferved out of doors in an open fhed, that looks upon one fide of the mountain and the adjacent country, with a diftant view of the glaciers beyond the lake of Thun. Yefterday fome peafants, whom the doc tor had invited, formed part of Our company; after dinner, he gave fome money to thofe that fat near him, and ordered one of his granddaughters to diftribute his bounty to the others. The benevolence of the old man, his gaiety and goodhumour, the chearfulness of his family, the gratitude of the poor peafants, the beauty of the profpect, and the fineness of the weather, formed all together the most agreeable and delightful fcenes I ever beheld; and I do not remember in my whole life to have partaken of any meal with a more fenfible and heart-felt fatisfaction. This fingular man is very often employed in giving his advice from eight in the morning till fix in the evening, with no other intermiffion than during the time he is at table. His drugs are of the best kind; for he collects the fimples, as well as diftills them, himfelf. His house, like those of the peafants, is constructed of wood; and, though always full of people, is remarkably neat and clean. In fhort, every thing about him has the appearance of the pleafing fimplicity of former ages. I had almoft forgotten to tell you, that I confulted him this morning myself; and affuredly I have reafon to be highly fatisfied with his prefcription: for, he told me I was in fuch good health, that the only advice he had to give me, was, to eat and drink well, to dance, be merry, and take moderate exercife." It is now Langenau fair, and the village is crowded with the neighbouring peasants. Great numbers of the men have long beards, and many of them cover their heads with a woman's firaw hat, extremely broad, which gives them a very grotefque appearance: their drefs is chiefly a coarfe brown cloth jacket without fleeves; with large puffed breeches of ticking. The women wear their hair plaited behind in treffes, with the riband hanging down below the waist; a flat plain straw hat, which is very becoming; a red or brown cloth jacket without fleeves; a black or blue petticoat bordered with red, and fcarcely reaching below the knees; red dockings with black clocks, and no heels to their fhoes; their fhifts faftened clofe round the throat by a black collar with red ornaments; the better fort have chains of filver between the fhoulders, brought round under each arm, and faftened beneath the bofom, the ends hanging down with fome filver or |