curve is easy and the outside member descends to the floor on either side the half pillar. The capping has a middle member but is plainer than the monastic type. The elbow knops are formed by a series of angels alternately robed and feathered, who stand on the capitals of the half pillars, their outspread wings forming the elbow or hand rest. A parallel set with the screen arrangements complete is at Gresford in Denbighshire, and it is probable that the same craftsmen carved both series.

In the vestry at Bolton is a painting showing the interior of the old church prior to its demolition, with the stalls still in place, the arrangement being three on each side and four returns with desks in front, the stall-ends having popeys. At the present time there are three stalls in the Lady chapel and three in the tower museum, nine counters in all. The museum specimens are heavy and clumsy, measuring 4 in. in thickness, those in the chapel being 3 in. They are well cut back in the curve with simple mouldings, the knops being small and circular in shape, and the quadrants cut out to the depth of an inch, the whole work suggesting local effort. It would have been possible to have fitted these stalls into the Lady chapel in correct order, instead of sending them to lie in the tower covered over with blue paint and dust, neglected and forlorn,

The only medieval stallwork remaining at Garstang after the drastic restoration consists of eight counters, 3 in. in thickness, two of them forming stall-ends with tracery cut upon them. They are of ordinary type, with good mouldings; the knops consist of coarse flowers and foliage coming well down on to the moulding. The capping and panelled backs have been renewed, but the former seems to be a copy of the original. The church.

had formerly a fine screen with parcloses and return stalls, but these have all vanished, and there appears to be nothing to show the condition of the church previous to the restoration.

The stalls at Middleton are designed without knops, these being superseded by the form of the elbow, which curves sharply forward and descends almost perpendicularly upon the cap of the half pillar. They are excellent specimens of the simpler type of parochial stallwork, being well proportioned and pleasing in outline. The counters are 2 in. in thickness, and have quadrants for the tip-up seats to work in.

At Sefton the stalls are of the sixteenth century. The counters between the seats are no longer shaped into elbows, but are plain partitions with a straight edge, 3 in. in thickness, moulded only above the seat, which does not tip up. Their only resemblance to earlier stallwork is in the capping, which still curves round the seat and has a trefoil head above the partition. The whole of the stallseating is of poor quality, but is redeemed by the richness of the desk-fronts and stall-ends.

At Prescot in Laudian times an attempt was made to return to pre-Reformation ideals in church. furnishing, and an excellent series of return stalls were set up in 1636 which were evidently inspired by Sefton. They have the straight partitions without elbows, 3 in. in thickness and moulded on the front edge with little pillars with foliaged caps. The seats tip up and have quadrants in which to work. The capping is very handsome, of the usual shape, breaking out into trefoil heads above the partitions and covered with carved Renaissance ornament. is no longer cut out of a solid chunk of oak but is built up in sections. From the historian's and craftsman's point of view the stalls at Prescot are of great value, and it is a thousand pities that

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