Medicine. nevolent intention will, we doubt not, be forwarded by the liberality of the public.

ART. 30. Medical Remarks on Tea, Coffee, Tobacco, and Snuff; likewife Beer, Ales, Wines, and Spirituous Liquors; alfo Obfervations on Intoxication: with an Appendix, containing Directions for preferving Health, and attaining long Life; the whole collected from the beft Authorities. By E. Taylor. 12mo. 39 PP. 15. 6d. Huddesford, by Brook and Lancashire. 1799.

Although we fee nothing new in the author's account of the feveral articles enumerated in the title-page, and perhaps nothing new could be expected, as they have fo long formed a material part of our daily beverage; yet the obfervations on temperance, and on the mode of preferving health, and promoting longevity, may be read with advantage. We therefore recommend this little manual, as an appendage to the books ordinarily kept in families.

ART. 31. An entire new Treatise on Leeches, wherein the Nature, Properties, and Ufe of that most fingular and valuable Reptile, is moft clearly fet forth. By George Horn, Apothecary. 8vo. 29 pp. 18. 6d. Symonds. 1798.

Little is to be learned from this entire new Treatife on Leeches, but what was very generally known before. That they are found in moft country places, in fhallow running ftreams, and are ufefully employed in topical inflammations, and to draw blood from infants, and perfons whofe veins are too fmall to be opened with a lancet. Of the natural hiftory of the leech, a much more ample and fatisfactory account is given in the Encyclopædia Britannica, than is here to be found; which we mention, as the author feems to think that the fubject has been totally neglected. They may be kept, he fays, feveral years, if frequently fupplied with fresh water; if this is neglected, they foon become fickly and die. In very cold weather, the water fhould be moderately warmed. The veffel in which they are kept, fhould not be much more than half full, that they may quit the water at pleasure, which they are often obferved to do. The author puts a little mofs into the veffel, with which the leeches feem to be much delighted. As leeches hide themselves in the ground, like worms, in winter, and are thence with difficulty found, apothecaries fhould ftock themselves with them in fummer, and pay more attention than they usually do, to the prefer vation of them.

ART. 32. Fats and Obfervations relative to the Nature and Origin of the Peftilential Fever, which prevailed in the City of Philadelphia, in 1793, 1797, and 1798. By the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Svo. 40 pp. 9d. Phillips and Son, George-Yard, London. 1799. Some useful and valuable directions are here given by the College of Phyficians at Philadelphia, to prevent the propagation of contagious difeafes, whenever they shall appear, particularly the yellow fever, which has lately made fuch dreadful ravages in that and the neighbouring

countries.

countries. They were fent to the ftate legislature, in January, 1795, and are now repeated and enlarged, and the mischievous confequences of not having before attended to them pointed out. The principal of them confift in providing a convenient place, out of the city, for the reception of perfons, affected with any contagious disease, the moment it fhall appear; and in obliging fhips, coming from infected places to perform quarantine, as is practifed in this country.

As different opinions have prevailed refpecting the origin of the yellow fever, fome contending that it is, others that it is not contagious, the College have been at great pains to investigate the fubject; and from a chain of facts, here laid before the public, they seem to have decided the question, and to have proved, that it did there proceed from, and was propagated by contact with perfons or things that were infected. The fubject is important. It ought to be confidered, and to have its due weight in the decifion tha: fhall be paffed on it, that if the College fhould happen to be mistaken, the only ill confequence that can arife from acting under their opinion, will be fome unneceffary trouble and expence to the inhabitants, and a temporary inconvenience to the trade. It will not preclude or prevent, but rather affift any further enquiries that may be neceffary, to obtain fuch a degree of certainty, as a fubject of fo much difficulty and importance demands.. On the other hand, if they should too hastily decide that it is not infectious, and neglect the preventions here recommended, a difeafe which might have been checked in limine, or confined to a few perfons, may become general, and depopulate a whole region. On thefe confiderations, we heartily fubfcribe to the views and opinions of the College, and wish fuccefs to their humane and patriotic endeavours.

DIVINITY.

ART. 33. A Letter to Three converted Jews, lately baptifed and con firmed in the Church of England. 8vo. Is. Rivingtons. 1799. The three individuals to whom this Letter is addreffed, were baptifed, with "true fatisfaction and comfort to themselves and to their paitor," by the Rev. Dr. Gafkin, at Stoke Newington; and were confirmed by the Bishop of London, on the Saturday following, at the church of St. Andrew, Holborn. The Letter, we understand to be written by the excellent and venerable Mr. Jones, of Nayland. It explains and refutes the errors of the unbelieving Jews; fuch as, that God had promifed them the enjoyment of this world; that they fhould never be feparated from God; that their Law and Temple fhould never be abolished; and, finally, that the Gentiles could never be received into the Church of God. The arguments are very plain, fatisfactory, and impreffive and we heartily with they may be duly weighed by thofe for whofe benefit they are intended. The conclufion exhorts thefe converts fo to exert themfelves, that their friends among the unbelievers may be induced to follow their good example. The writer very judicioufly recommends to their diligent perufal the Epiftle to the Hebrews, in which the "fpiritual ufe of the Law and the Prophets" is unfolded at large.

ART.

ART. 34. A Reply to the Rev. Ralph Churton, Rector of MiddletonCheney, &c. &c. from Francis Eyre, of Warkworth, Efq. 8vo. 494 pp. 8s. Coghlan. 1798.

That the long dormant controverfy between Papifts and Proteftants fhould, at this day, be revived, by an English Rector and a neighbouring Efquire, is rather fingular; nor fhall we think it necessary to plunge into the depths of polemics, with a view of deciding between them. Mr. Eyre's first Letter to Mr. Churton, was reviewed in our tenth volume, p. 438, together with another tract, by the fame gentleman, on the Chriftian Religion. Mr. Churton's Anfwer to that Letter was briefly noticed in p. 319 of our ninth volume. Mr. Eyre writes with good fenfe and acuteness, and has detected two or three errors of his opponent, which that gentleman frankly acknowledges in the fubfequent publication; defending himfelf at the fame time from the the imputation of fome others. We are inclined to believe, that Mr. E. is a fincere and pious man, according to the religious perfuafion which he holds; but he is furely too fond of writing: nor has he escaped retribution on the score of errors; a misfortune generally incident to polemic writers.

ART. 35. Poffcript to an Answer to Francis Eyre, of Warkworth, Efq. occafioned by his late Publication, intitled, A Reply to the Rev. Ralph Churton, &c. By the Author of the Answer. Svo. 64 pp. 2s. 6d. Rivingtons, &c. 1798.

Mr. Churton has very wifely comprefied his rejoinder to lefs thap a feventh part of his antagonist's reply. He has the better chance of being read; and his tract cannot eafily be read without advantage, by any perfon capable of judging. He writes like a man of found fenfe found learning, and found faith.

ART. 36. Doctrines of the Church of Rome examined. Ey the Rev. Bryan F'Anfon Bromwich, A. M. 8vo. 87 pp. 25. Pridden, Fleet-Street.

The author of this tract, having been on the continent fome years ago, was much ftruck with the prevalence of Infidelity and Atheism, which he attributed, not unjustly, to the general offence given by the fuperftitions of Popery. He therefore determined to furnish his countrymen with a fhort manual on the fubject, more convenient for general ufe than the larger volumes which contain the detection of fuch erThe errors he notices are eleven in number, thus arranged; 1. Of the Catholic Church. 2. Of the Pope, or Bishop of Rome. 3. Of General Councils. 4. Idolatry. 5. Of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. 6. Falfe Miracles. 7. Celibacy of Priests. 8. Pur

rors.

The author's name, though well known to us from his previous publications, was unfortunately disfigured by our printer in our laft number, Art. 33. See the Errata.

gatory

gatory. 9. Perfecution for Religion. 10. Interceffion of Saints. 11. Enmity to Learning, There is not much of novelty in the obfervations of Mr. Bromwich, yet they may be of ufe to many readers, There are, however, many good and ufeful small tracts on fimilar fubjects, among thofe printed by the Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge. This author's account of the Legend of the Picture at Mountenario (probably Monte Nerio near Leghorn, is curious; and fill more fo the annual miracle of the bells at Marieilles, which were fuppofed to take a regular trip to Rome in Lent, to obtain the Pope's benediction. Mr. B. tells us, that he was witness to the rejoicing for their pretended return on the morning of Eafter Sunday, 1783.,

ART. 37, A Sermon, preached before the Loyal Pimlico Volunteers, commanded by Major Rollefton, on Sunday, August 12, 1798, at CharlotteStreet Chapel, Pimlico. By the Rev. Richard Harrifon, Morning Preacher at Brompton Chapel, and Joint-Lecturer of St. Martin's in the Fields, and St. Botolph's, Bijkopfgate. 8vo. 18 pp. 6d. Printer. 1798.

No

A ufeful and fenfible Sermon, on the advantages produced to a state by the virtues of its inhabitants; founded on Proverbs xi. 11.

LAW.

ART. 38. Who'll change Old Lamps for New? Or, a Word or Twe concerning the Clergy, and their Provifion. 8vo. 43 PP. Is. 6d. Cadell and Davies. 1799.

As this tract is written in defence of a fundamental law of the kingdom, and a fpecies of property as much fortified by prefcription, and every thing that can conftitute right, as any property that exifts, we have placed it under this head. The author, though he conceals his name, writes with temperance and wifdom; and not a little momentous are the confiderations he fuggefts, The allufion in the title, to the ftratagem ufed for obtaining the wonderful Lamp of Aladdin, by offering fuch as were apparently better, is not perhaps very well adapted for a title; though it might fupply an appofite illuftration for the opening of the pamphlet, as indeed it ftill is ufed.

After vindicating the dignity and utility of the clerical order, to which, at the fame time, he declares himself not to belong, the author enters upon the immediate fubject of his publication, which is, to combat the fuppofed plan of felling the tithes, in the manner of the landtax. In anfwer to the argument, that as tithes were originally granted by the crown, they may furely be refumed by the crown and parlia ment, this writer thus pleads.

"Obferve to what this doctrine will lead. Half the estates in this kingdom, belonging to lords and commons, were given originally by grants from the crown. All charters of corporations and of mercantile bodies, with all the tolls and exclufive privileges and profits arifing from them, were given originally by grants from the crown. If the Crown and houfes of parliament can refume tythes at pleasure, because

they

They were originally given by the crown, they can refume all eftates and all charters which were fo given. See then, to what wide overturning property and fecurities this principle will lead !

of

A. But the clergy are public functionaries: and the public may pay them in what way they pleafe.

"B. If fociety were beginning anew, the public might fettle beforeAnd if the fervants of the hand how they would pay their fervants. public chofe to engage for the manner of payment previously ftipulated, well and good; even though the payment were uncertain and mall, fill if the fervants underto k certain duties for payment fo conditioned, they would have no reafon to complain of injuftice being done them. But when eight hundred years have fanctioned to the clergy a particular kind of provifion, and thousands of the clergy have undertaken public fervice on the good faith of legal establishment, the public cannot fay at once, We will now change our manner of payment,' without breaking the good faith of legal establishment." P. 9.

We fhould not omit to mention, that though the author ufes the term public functionaries in the preceding paffage, for the fake of argument, he very properly reprobates it in a fubfequent page, as “abominable French cant." Our readers will judge, by this fpecimen, of the nature of the tract. The author, in the conclufion, gives it as his opinion, in which we are inclined to coincide, that if any thing could, with propriety, be fubftituted for tithes, it must be corn-rents. But it is a matter of no fmall hazard in any times, and especially in thefe, to interfere with establishments fo venerable.

POLITICS.

ART. 39. The Speech of Lord Minto in the House of Peers, April 11, 1799, on a Motion for an Addrefs to His Majesty, to communicate the Refolations of the two Houses of Parliament, refpecting an Union between Great Britain and Ireland. 8vo. 155 pp. 2s. 6d. Stockdale. 1799.

The various publications on the fubject of an Union with Ireland have already occupied fo much of our space and attention, that our notice of this Speech muft unavoidably be lefs ample than the importance of its contents, and the ability displayed in it, feem to require.

From the relative fituations of Great Britain and Ireland, from the hiftory and prefent state of the connection between them, the noble fpeaker fhows the neceflity of an Union; which he illuftrates by the examples of Scotland and Wales. The advantages to be derived to Great Britain from an incorporating Union with Ireland, he divides into pofitive and negative: pofitive, by the acceffion of real and efficient force to our prefent empire; negative advantage," by avoiding, in moments of war and difficulty, thofe embarraffments which have diftracted and annoyed us, as often as war and difficulty have occurred." On the other hand, the confequences of a feparation, which would be the establishment of a democratic republic, or rather of anarchy, in Ireland, are placed in a ftriking light. Lord Minto next enquires

whether