who, frenzied at being thus reminded of her age, hurled the child back between the large folding-doors, and crushing her arm till it was broke, then thrust her out of the hall door. Down House is also believed to be haunted. : At Kilworthy (one mile and a half north) lived Judge Glanville. His closing years were saddened by domestic affliction: his daughter died on the scaffold, as a murderess; and his reckless son Francis he disinherited. Serjeant John Glanville, his second son, became lord of his broad lands; but, years after, came one day a miserably-clad penitent to his doors and craved for food. The brothers stood face to face! Great was the rejoicing a splendid banquet was spread; friends and neighbours thronged in to welcome the prodigal; and, as the first cover was removed to the sound of happy music, Francis beheld a yellow roll of parchments. "Take them, dear brother," said the serjeant; "they are the title deeds of Kilworthy. Nay, no thanks, Francis; would that our father had seen this day, and bestowed them himself; I only do that which he would have done." At Harewood House (Sir Wm. Trelawney, Bart.) Mason laid the scene of his "Elfrida." King Edgar sent Earl Ethelwold to woo for him Elfrida, the fair daughter of Earl Orgar, of Tavistock. The ambassador, falling deeply in love with the lady, reported that her beauty was inferior to her fame, and the wily earl with the king's consent, made her his wife. But still the tale of her beauty spread from lip to lip; and the king, on pretence of hunting, came to see for himself. Ethelwold conjured his wife to shield him from the imminent peril that would ensue; but, far from that, decked in her richest ornaments, Elfrida came and stood before the king: the chace was followed that day by king and earl. At nightfall, under the trees of Wilverley lay Ethelwold, with an arrow in his heart; and on the brow of his treacherous widow King Edgar set the crown-a ceremonial which, as Mr. Bray prettily imagined, gave name to Crown-dale. Opposite to the New Passage at Torpoint, is Thankes (so called from the ancient family of Thank in the reign MOUNT EDGECUMBE. 487 of Henry V.), once the seat of Admiral Lord Graves. In the neighbourhood are found Hypericum androsæmum, ulva purpurascens, U. rubens, and fucus hypoglossum. On the west side of Plymouth Sound is the promontory of Mount Edgecumbe, 4 to 5 miles in length, and 3 miles broad, forming a high chine, sloping on either side to the sea. The house, built of red sandstone by Sir R. Edgecumbe, who removed from Cothele in 1550, is square with circular towers, at the angles made octagonal, 1762, and is so romantically and beautifully situated that the Duke of Medina Sidonia resolved to make it his own when the Armada had conquered England. It contains family pictures by Lely and Reynolds, and some portraits of the Stuarts. One night, when Sir Richard kept revel and dance in the old hall, a body of armed maskers from Plymouth appeared coming up the avenues. At once the doughty old knight called in his servants to resist with sword and buckler; but the lighted torches revealed only armour of paper and helmets of tin, and he merrily invited them to take part in the measure. On retiring, their chief courteously bowed, thanked the knight for his good cheer, and assured him that of an enemy he was converted into his chief friend, commending at the same time to his notice a nephew, heir to his broad lands, who was there disguised as a nymph. Months passed away, and the young man was married before the altar at Maker to Sir Richard's fair daughter. It was a fitting place for a lover's tryst, with its lawns of soft velvet turf, its pines and chesnuts, broad groves of cedar, oak, and beech; on the upland, arbutus, laurestinus, Portugal laurel, and dark-leaved myrtle; pleasant shades and recesses for repose, opening inward from sunny glades; wild paths along the brink of dark ravines; beauty mingled with the grandeur of majestic heights; and over all the freshness of the sea and air, as the flowing waves climbed the black reefs of rock below. In 1779, the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe cut down all his fine trees, as an alarm of a French invasion very generally prevailed. The grounds still are very attrac tive, but disfigured by silly artificial ruins: the orangery was designed by Lord Camelford. The ivied remains of the old Block-house at Barnpool, by the water-side, are of the time of Elizabeth. Below it is the saluting battery, restored 1747, and in 1800 mounted with 21 French cannon. King George III. visited the house Aug. 21, 1789. Garrick wrote an epigram upon it, beginning— "This mount all the mounts of Great Britain surpasses, Maker heights, which derive their name from the adjoining church of St. Macra, are to the southward, and 402 feet high. There is a ruined chapel on the Rame Head. The estuary of the Hamoaze, which lies between Devon and Cornwall, is now crossed by a remarkable tubular bridge, designed by Brunel, for the West Cornwall railway. The bridge is 2240 ft. long, by 30 ft. broad, and rises 260 ft. from the foundations to the summit, so that line-of-battle ships can sail under it. It consists of 19 spans-double chains, composed of 15 bars; 17 of them are wider than the arches of Westminster Bridge; and the two central spans cross the Tamar with a leap of 900 feet. The latter rest upon the main central pillar, built into the solid rock, which was reached through 70 feet of sea and 20 feet of mud and gravel, by means of a coffer-dam: on this are four octagonal columns, 10 feet in diameter, and 100 feet high. On this the great spans are laid, composed of two bows: the lower, with a curve of 28 feet, carries the roadway; the upper, a tube of wrought iron, is attached to the lower by supports. Each span was floated out and lifted into its place by hydraulic presses. The main columns, on either side of the river, are built of solid masonry, 11 feet square, which rests on granite piers, measuring 29 ft. by 17 ft. They are 190 feet from the foundation to the summit. In the construction of this wonderful structure, 2700 tons of wrought iron, 1300 of cast iron, 17,000 cubic yards of masonry, and 14,000 cubic yards of timber have been used. It is 300 feet longer than the Britannia Bridge, and 60 feet higher than the Monu THE RAILWAY. 489 ment. The railway has a length of 60 miles, and passes over 5 miles of viaducts, and under 7 tunnels: the viaducts are of great height-that of Combe Lake rising 120 feet, and one at St. Austell 156 feet. The Albert Bridge was opened by the Prince Consort on May 2, 1859. Plymouth has now become the main entrance to Cornwall, a country not remarkable for manufactures or agriculture, possessing a large extent of coasts without much ship-building; producing no coal, and but a small amount of iron. It is isolated, has few canals, and is only now beginning to be intersected by railways, one of which is the rudest in the kingdom. Minerals and Celtic antiquities form its main features of interest. CORNWALL. FROM Poundstock to Chasewater, a huge highland chine effectually bisects the county; and limits the accommodation by railway to the southern half. For those who adopt this mode of travelling, we shall notice the stations as they occur, but in all instances, as before, take our way along the coast. Cornwall derives its name from Corn, a headland, and Wealles, the name given by the Saxons to the ancient Britons, imagining that they had driven the entire race across the Severn. Some of them passing over to Bretagne, bestowed upon it their father-land name of Cornouailles, Ke-ren-av, "the horn by the sea." The heraldic arms traditionally borne by the county are, Sable, fifteen bezants in pale, or. Motto, "One and all." This western peninsula formed, with part of Devonshire, an independent kingdom, till Cadwallader resigning the crown went to die at Rome; and it was still independent to the time when King Athelstane subdued the Britons on Hingston Down. Then passed under the rule of the kings of Wessex the land of the Cromlech and the Loganstone, thickly covered with the relics of the Druid, and the camps which were the last stronghold of the Briton against Roman, Saxon, and Dane; the home in which lingered latest the ancient British church; and whose native tongue was, like the Welsh and Breton kindred dialects, but a few generations since a spoken language. Dr. Moreman, Vicar of Menherriot in the reign of Henry VIII., first taught his parishioners the Lord's Prayer in English; and the last sermon was preached in Cornish in 1678. The final stand of the Lancastrians, after the fatal field of Tewkesbury, was made here in the Wars of the Roses within it Charles and his Cavaliers rode triumphant for the last time; and Cornishmen won the day at Broadoak, Stratton, and Lansdowne. To its primitive people, far removed out of the reach of the frequented highway, a great change is coming: the manly wrestlingmatch, like the hurling of former days, the traditional festival, and that belief in charm and spell and pixie-so picturesque, but still a relic of deadly superstition-will give place to the school-feast, the ploughing-match, the flower-show; as the iron roads promote that rapidity and ease of communication, with the interchange of mind and opinion, and identity of interest, which promise to make the future of England more glorious than its past. The title of Earl of Cornwall has been held by Robert, Count de Mortain, a follower of William I.; Reginald de Dunstanville; John Plantagenet; Richard Fitz-Count; Richard, King of the Romans; John of Eltham; and the glorious Black Prince, was created Duke of Cornwall, March 17, 1337; which title has ever since attached as a birthright, with the seignory of the Duchy for his appanage, to the eldest son of the reigning sovereign. The tin-mines of Cornwall are mentioned by Herodotus, 450 B.C., and by Diodorus; they produced large revenues to the Earls of Cornwall, who frequently assigned them as securities for loans to the Jews. Charters were granted to the earls by King John and Edward I.; but in the 13th century the discovery of tin in Bohemia caused a great loss to the English trade. From Cremill Point to Mount Edgecumbe runs the |