"Go make thyself like to a nymph o' the sea;

Be subject to no sight but mine: invisible," etc.

This reading is adopted by D. and H.

66

311. Miss. Do without. Schmidt compares Sonn. 122. 8, A. W. i. 3. 262, and Cor. ii. 1. 253. Wr. quotes Lyly, Euphues: so necessary that we cannot misse them."

66

316. Come, thou tortoise! when? Cf. 7. C. ii. 1. 5: When, Lucius, when?" See also M. of V. p. 141, note on What, Jessica!

317. Fine apparition! My quaint Ariel. So below, "fine spirit,' Ariel," and "delicate Ariel." On quaint, see M. of V. p. 141.

""" fine

320. Wicked. Baneful, poisonous. Cf. Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose: “a fruict of savour wicke."

322. South-west. On the southerly winds as associated by S. with fog, rain, and unwholesome vapours, see Cor. p. 206.

325. Urchins. Mischievous elves. Cf. M. W. iv. 4. 49: "urchins, ouphes (elves), and fairies." They were probably called so because they sometimes took the form of urchins, or hedgehogs. Cf. Caliban's account of Prospero's spirits in ii. 2. 5 fol. below.

326. That vast of night. That void, waste, or empty stretch. In Ham. i. 2. 198, the quarto of 1603 has "In the dead vast and middle of the night." Cf. our ed. p. 186.

328. Honeycomb. Plural (as made up of cells); used by S. only here. 332. Mad'st. The folios have "made;" corrected by Rowe (following Dryden). See on 271 above.

342. Whiles. See M. of V. p. 133, or Gr. 137.

349. Abhorred slave, etc. The folio gives this speech to Miranda, but this is obviously an error of the type; corrected by Dryden and Theo. 350. Which. On which who, see Gr. 265.

359. Confin'd into this rock. See on 277 above.

361. On't. Of it. See M. of V. p. 143, or Gr. 182.

362. The red plague. The leprosy. See Levit. xiii. 42, 43. Steevens explains it as the erysipelas. Cf. Cor. p. 249, note on 13.

Rid you. Destroy you. Cf. Rich. II. v. 4. II: "will rid his foe," and 3 Hen. VI. v. 5. 67: "you have rid this sweet young prince." 363. Learning me your language. Cf. Cymb. i. 5. 12: "Hast thou not learned me how To make perfumes?" In old English the word meant to teach as well as to learn. See Gr. 291.

364. Thou 'rt best. Cf. J. C. iii. 3. 13: “Ay, and truly, you were best." For other examples of this old idiom, see Gr. 230.

367. Old cramps. Abundant cramps. On this intensive or augmentative use of old in colloquial language, see M. of V. p. 161.

That the

368. Aches. The noun ache used to be pronounced aitch, but the verb ake (as it is often printed). Baret, in his Alvearie (1580), says: "Ake is the Verbe of the substantive ach, ch being turned into k." noun was pronounced like the name of the letter his evident from a pun in Much Ado, iii. 4. 56:

"Beatrice...
By my troth. I am exceeding ill! Heigh-ho!
Margaret. For a hawk, a horse, or a husband?
Beatrice. For the letter that begins them all, H."

There is a similar joke in The World Runs upon Wheels, by John Taylor, the Water-Poet: "Every cart-horse doth know the letter G very understandingly; and H hath he in his bones." Boswell quotes an instance of this pronunciation from Swift, and Dyce one from Blackmore, A.D. 1705. When John Kemble first played Prospero in London, he pronounced aches in this passage as a dissyllable, which gave rise to a great dispute on the subject among critics. During this contest Mr. Kemble was laid up with sickness, and Mr. Cooke took his place in the play. Everybody listened eagerly for his pronunciation of aches, but he left the whole line out; whereupon the following appeared in the papers as "Cooke's Soliloquy:"

"Aitches or akes, shall I speak both or either?
If akes I violate my Shakespeare's measure-
If airches I shall give King Johnny pleasure;
I've hit upon 't-by Jove, I'll utter neither!"
So that; as in 85 above. Gr. 283.

369. That.
No, pray thee.

very common.

This omission of I before pray thee, beseech thee, etc., is See Gr. 401.

371. Setebos. S. probably got this name from the account of Magellan's voyages in Robert Eden's History of Travaile (A.D. 1577), where it is said of the Patagonians that “they roared lyke bulles, and cryed uppon their great devill, Setebos, to help them." Malone says that Setebos is also mentioned in Hakluyt's Voyages, 1598.

375. Curtsied. So spelled in the folios. Curtsy and courtesy are two forms of the same word, both found in the folio. In a single speech in J. C. (iii. 1. 35 fol.), we have "courtesies" and "curtsies."

And kiss'd The wild waves whist. That is, kissed the wild waves into silence; "a delicate touch of poetry that is quite lost as the passage is usually printed, the line The wild waves whist being made parenthetical, and that, too, without any authority from the original" (H.). Whist is the participle of the old verb whist, which is found both transitive and intransitive. Lord Surrey translates the first line of Book II. of the Eneid: "They whisted all, with fixed face attent." Cf. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59: "So was the Titanesse put downe and whist." Milton (Hymn on Nativ.) has the same rhyme as here:

"The winds with wonder whist
Smoothly the waters kiss'd."

377. Foot it featly. Dexterously, neatly. D. quotes Lodge's Glaucus and Scilla (1589): "Footing it featlie on the grassie ground." Cf. W. T. iv. 4. 176: "she dances featly." We have the adjective (used adverbially) below, ii. 1. 268: "much feater than before ;" and the verb in Cymb. i. 1. 49: "a glass that feated them." On the it, see Gr. 226.

386. Where should this music be? "Should was used in direct questions about the past where shall was used about the future" (Gr. 325). 389. Weeping again. That is, again and again. Ġr. 27. Cf. M. of V. iii. 2. 205: "For wooing here until I sweat again."

391. Passion. Sorrow. Cf. Ham. p. 212.

392. With it's sweet air. In the folio its occurs but once (M. for M. i. 2.

4), while it's is found nine times. It as a genitive (or "possessive") is found fourteen times, in seven of which it precedes own. This it is " an early provincial form of the old genitive." In our version of the Bible its is found only in Levit. xxv. 5, where the original edition has "of it own accord." See Gr. 228; and cf. W. T. p. 172, note on 178.

395. Full fathom five. The folio has “fadom,” which Halliwell and White prefer to retain. In A. Y. L. iv. 1. 210 the folio has "fathome." 396. Of his bones are coral made. S. may have written are to avoid the harshness of "bones is," but the inaccuracy is probably to be classed with those given by Abbott (Gr. 412) under "confusion of proximity." 397. Those are pearls, etc. In Rich. III. iv. 4. 322 we have tears "transform'd to orient pearl."

403. Ding, dong, bell. Cf. the Song in M. of V. iii. 2.

405. Nor no sound. On the double negative, see M. of V. p. 131, and Gr. 406. Owes-owns; as in 453 and iii. 1. 45 below. Cf. Gr. 290. 407. The fringed curtains of thine eyes. Cf. Per. iii. 2. 101: "her eyelids Begin to part their fringes of bright gold." Advance raise; as in iv. I. 177 below. Cf. Cor. p. 210.

408. What thou seest yond. Yond is the A. S. geond illuc. Yond, meaning outrageous, furious (as in Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 26: “As Florimell fled from that Monster yond"), is probably the same word.

410. A brave form. On brave fine, gallant, etc., see M. of V. p. 154. 413. And, but. On but except, etc., see Gr. 120.

414. Canker. Canker-worm; a favourite metaphor with S. Cf. M. N. D. p. 150. H. thinks it may be "rust or tarnish" (cf. V. and A. 767 and R. and F. i. I. 102).

420. Most sure, the goddess. Cf. the O dea certe of Virgil (Æn. i. 328). 421. Vouchsafe my prayer may know... and that Here we you will. have "that omitted and then inserted" (Gr. 285). Cf. Rich. II. v. 1. 38: "Think I am dead, and that even here," etc.

426. Maid. A maid, and not a goddess. The 4th folio has made (that is, created, or mortal), which some modern editors adopt.

431. A single thing. A feeble thing. Cf. Macb. i. 3. 140: “shakes so my single state of man ;" Id. i. 6. 16: "poor and single business,” etc. 437. His brave son. This son is not one of the dramatis personæ, nor is he elsewhere mentioned in the play. See Addenda below. 438. More braver. See on 19 above.

Control thee. "Confute thee, unanswerably contradict thee" (Johnson). 440. Chang'd eyes. Exchanged looks of love. Cf. A. and C. iii. 13. 156. 442. Done yourself some wrong. Misrepresented yourself. Cf. M. W. iii. 3. 221: "You do yourself mighty wrong, Master Ford."

445. Pity move my father. An example of "the subjunctive used optatively." See Gr. 364.

446. O, if a virgin, etc. On the ellipsis, see Gr. 387.

449. In either's. In each other's; as in Sonn. 28. 5, Hen. V. ii. 2. 106, etc. 452. That thou attend me. "The subjunctive after verbs of command and entreaty is especially common (Gr. 369). For the omission of the preposition, cf. M. of V. v. 1. 103: "When neither is attended," etc. Gr. 200. 453. Owest not. Ownest not. Cf. 405 above.

456. There's nothing ill can dwell. On the omission of the relative, see Gr.244.

460. I'll manacle thy neck and feet together. The cut illustrates this mode of punishment better than any description could do.

467. Gentle, and not fearful. Of gentle blood, and therefore no coward. Smollett (in Humphrey Clinker) says: “To this day a Scotch woman in the situation of the young lady in The Tempest would express herself nearly in the same terms-Don't provoke him; for, being gentle, that is, high-spirited, he won't tamely bear an insult."

468. My foot my tutor? "Shall my heel teach my head? Shall that which I tread upon give me law?" (V.) Walker proposes "fool," which D. and H. adopt.

470. Come from thy ward. Leave thy posture of defence. Ward was a technical term in fencing. Cf. 1 Hen. IV. ii. 4. 215: "Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay, and thus I bore my point.' 472. Beseech you, father! See on 369 above. 477. There is no more such shapes. The reading of the folio, changed by many editors to "there are." But "there is" is often found preceding a plural subject. Cf. Cymb. iii. 1. 36: "There is no moe such Cæsars;" Id. iv. 2. 371: "There is no more such masters," etc. Gr. 335.

483. Nerves. Sinews; the only meaning that Schmidt recognizes. Cf. Ham. i. 4. 83, Macb. iii. 4. 102, Sonn. 120. 4, etc.

490. Ail corners else o' the earth. All other parts. Cf. M. of V. ii. 7. 39: "the four corners of the earth" (so in Isa. xi. 12), Cymb. iii. 4. 39: "all corners of the world," etc. In K. John (v. 7. 116) we find "the three corners of the world."

ACT II.

SCENE I.-3. Our hint of woe. 134 above.

The cause of our sorrow. See on i. 2.

5. The masters of some merchant. This is the reading of the folio, and is somewhat doubtful, though masters may mean owners, or possibly offi cers. Steevens suggested "mistress" (the old spelling of which is sometimes "maistres "), and V. thinks it "not improbable" that this was S.'s word. D. and others read "master." The Camb. editors conjecture "master's" (sc. wife). The first merchant means a merchant vessel, or merchantman, as we say even now. Malone quotes Dryden (Parallel of Poetry and Painting): "Thus as convoy-ships either accompany or should accompany their merchants."

II. The visitor. An allusion to priestly visitants of the sick or afflicted. Cf. Matt. xxv. 36.

15. One; tell. There may be a play on one and on (that is, go on), the two words (see Nares on One) being pronounced, and sometimes written, alike. Tell-count. We still say "all told," "wealth untold," "to tell one's beads," etc., and a teller is one who counts (money, votes, etc.). 19. Dolour. Cf. the same play upon words in M. for M. i. 2. 50 and Lear, ii. 4. 54. Steevens quotes also The Tragedy of Hoffman, 1637: "And his reward be thirteen hundred dollars,

For he hath driven dolour from our heart."

28. Which, of he or Adrian. This is the reading of the folio. Cf. M. N. D. iii. 2. 337:

"Now follow, if thou dar'st, to try whose right,

Of thine or mine, is most in Helena."

Walker quotes from Sidney's Arcadia: "Who should be the former [that is, the first to fight] against Phalantus, of the black or the ill-apparelled knight." Gr. 206, 409.

31. The cockerel. The young cock; that is, Adrian.

36. Ha, ha, ha! The folio gives this speech to Sebastian, and So, you're paid to Antonio, and perhaps there is no need of change. On the whole, however, I prefer to follow W., who simply transposes the prefixes of the speeches on the ground that "Antonio won the wager, and was paid by having the laugh against Sebastian." Theo. gave both speeches to Sebastian, and is followed by D., H., and the Camb. editors. Capell merely changes you're to "you 've." K. retains the folio reading. 43. Temperance. Temperature. Antonio takes up the word as a fe'male name, and it was so used by the Puritans.

53. Lush. Juicy, succulent, luxuriant. Not elsewhere used by S., though some read in M. N. D. ii. 1. 251, “Quite overcanopied with lush woodbine" where the folio has "luscious." Lusty=vigorous.

55. An eye of green. A tinge of green. Boyle says, "Red, with an eye of blue, makes a purple."

62. Freshness and glosses. The folio has "freshnesse and glosses." Freshness may be plural, like princess in i. 2. 173 ("Than other princess can"). See note on that passage. D. reads "gloss."