"If this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash

For his quick hunting."

For another explanation, see note on the passage in Var. edit., or Dyce's Glossary under trash.

That now he was. So that now he was; a common ellipsis. Gr. 283. The ivy, etc. The ivy was thought to be a parasitic plant and injurious to trees. Cf. C. of E. ii. 2: "usurping ivy."

Out on't. See Mer. p. 143, and Gr. 182.

66

a

Closeness. Privacy, seclusion. Cf. the use of close and closely; as, close (secret) exploit of death" (Rich. III. iv. 2); "we have closely (privately) sent for Hamlet" (Ham. iii. 1), etc.

But by being so retir'd. "Were it only for the retirement it procured me;" or, perhaps, except for its being so retired.

66

Like a good parent. Alluding to the observation that a father above the common rate of men has commonly a son below it. Heroum filii noxae" (Johnson).

Sans bound. Without limit. As Nares remarks, "a general combination seems to have subsisted, among all our poets, to introduce this French word, certainly very convenient for their verse, into the English language; but in vain; the country never received it, and it has always appeared as an exotic, even though the elder poets Anglicized its form into saunce, or gave it the English pronunciation." In a familiar passage in A. Y. L. (ii. 7), S. uses it four times in a single line. Cf. also L. L. L. v. 2:

"My love to thee is sound, sans crack or flaw.
Rosalind. Sans sans, I pray you."

Lorded. Made a lord. Cf. strangered=made a stranger (Lear, i. 1), and scrvanted=made subservient (Cor. v. 2). But kinged-ruled (K. John, ii. 1), fathered provided with a father (7. C. ii. 1, and Lear, iii. 6), lovered= gifted with a lover (L. C.), etc. See Gr. 294.

Revenue. The accent on the penult, as in Ham. iii. 2: "from thee that no revenue hast," and M. N. D. i. 1: "Of great revenue, and she hath no child;" but in the same scene of M. N. D. we find it with the modern accent: Long withering out a young man's revenue." For a list of words used by S. with "the accent nearer the end than with us," see Gr. 490; but revenue is omitted.

66

Like one Who unto truth, etc. The folio has into truth, which D. retains, quoting as another instance of into for unto, " And pray God's blessing into thy attempt," A. W. i. 3. In "telling of it," it refers to lie, by anticipation. As is omitted before "To credit." Cf. so fond to come abroad," M. of V. iii. 3; "so big to hold so much,” T. N. ii. 4, etc. Gr. 281. Dost thou hear? On S.'s use of thou and you, see Gr. 231-235. He needs will be. On needs, see Mer. p. 141, and Gr. 25. Me, poor man! As for me. D. says, "For me . . . compares T. of A. v. 1 :

large enough," and

"Whose thankless natures-O abhorred spirits!—
Not all the whips of heaven are large enough," etc.

If this might be a brother. Examples of might in the sense of could are

not uncommon. Cf. M. N. D. ii. I: "But I might see young Cupid's fiery shaft," etc.; Ham. i. 1 :—

"I might not this believe Without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes."

For other examples, see Gr. 312.

To think but nobly.

That is, otherwise than nobly. Gr. 124. Hearkens my brother's suit. Cf. 2 Hen. IV. ii. 4: "Hearken the end." Gr. 199.

In lieu o' th' premises. That is, in consideration of. Cf. "in lieu thereof" (T. G. of V. ii. 7, and L. L. L. iii. 1), “in lieu whereof" (K. John, v. 4),

etc.

It is a hint. A cause, or subject. Cf. "our hint of woe," ii. I.

Without the which. See Mer. p. 133 (note on For the which), and Gr. 270. Were most impertinent. Cf. Lear, iv. 6 :—

"O matter and impertinency mixed!

Reason in madness!"

Wench. This word "originally meant young woman only, without the contemptuous familiarity now annexed to it." Cf. Hen. VIII. iv. 2: "When I am dead, good wench," etc.; Oth. v. 2: “O, ill-starred wench!"

etc.

In few. In short, Cf. Ham. i. 3: Have quit it. The reading of the ers. For quit, see above on betid. Gr. 341, 342.

"in few, Ophelia," etc. Gr. 5. folio, changed to had by D. and othHoist is a similar contraction. See

Did us but loving wrong. Jephson says, "that is, were merciful to us ;” but I understand it to mean, "only injured us by their sympathetic sighing," that is, blowing.

A cherubin. This is the reading of the folio here, as well as in T. of A. iv. 3, Macb. i. 7, and Oth. iv. 2, the only other places in which S. uses the singular, except Ham. iv. 3, where cherub ("Cherube" in folio) occurs. He uses cherubins as the plural in M. of V. v. 1 (see Mer. p. 162), Hen. VIII. 1, T. and C. iii. 2, and Cymb. ii. 4. Neither cherubim nor cherubims is to be found in the folio, though both are given in most modern editions and in Mrs. Clarke's Concordance. In this passage H. has cherubim, but D. and W. cherubin.

Deck'd. 'Here deck'd would appear to be a form, if it be not a corruption, of the provincialism degg'd, i. e. sprinkled." (D.) Some editors have changed the word to degg'd.

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An undergoing stomach. A sustaining courage. Cf. 2 Hen. IV. i. 1 : "Gan vail his stomach" (began to let his courage sink), and Ham. i. I : 'some enterprise That hath a stomach in't" (that requires courage). Elsewhere it means anger, resentment, as in T. G. of V.i. 2: "kill your stomach on your meat;" and pride, arrogance, as in Hen. VIII. iv. 2: "He was a man of an unbounded stomach."

Have steaded much. Have been of much service. See Mer. p. 133, note on Can you stead me?

But ever see that man. But see that man at any time. Gr. 39. Now I arise. It is very doubtful what this means. The stage direction, Puts on his robe, or Resumes his robe, given in some editions, is not found in the folio, but is due to Mr. Collier's MS. corrector. St. suggests that the words are spoken aside to Ariel, and quotes in support of that view the conclusion of Prospero's next speech, "Come away, servant, come! I'm ready now," etc.

Made thee more profit Than other princess can. Profit is here a verb. Princess (the reading of the folio) is here for princesses. As Abbott (Gr. 471) has shown, "the plural and possessive cases of nouns of which the singular ends in s, se, ss, ce, and ge, are frequently written, and still more frequently pronounced, without the additional syllable." Cf. Macb. v. I (folio): "Their sense are shut ;" Hen. V. v. 2: "Your mightiness on both parts best can witness," etc. W. adopts Rowe's emendation of " princes," and gives quotations to show that "women as well as men of royal or ducal birth were called prince in S.'s day." But S. himself does not use prince for princess, while it is evident that he does drop the -es or 's in not a few such words. D. gives "princess'," and H. "princess."

Now my dear lady. Now friendly to me; or, as Steevens puts it, "now my auspicious mistress."

I find my zenith, etc. Cf. 7. C. iv. 3: "There is a tide in the affairs of men," etc.

Thou art inclin'd to sleep. It is not easy to decide whether Miranda is put to sleep by the art of Prospero, or falls asleep from the effect of the strange things she has seen and heard. The latter view is well put by Franz Horn, who says: "The wonderful acts occasionally like the music upon Jessica in the fifth act of The Merchant of Venice. The external miracles of nature scarcely affect Miranda upon an island where nature itself has become a wonder, and the wonders have become nature. But for her, even on that account, there are only so many greater wonders in the heart and life of man. . . . . The checkered course of the world, its wild passions, are to her wholly strange; and the relation of such wonders might well affect her in the manner her father fears."

To answer thy best pleasure; be't to fly, etc. Henley quotes the imitation of this passage by Fletcher, in The Faithful Shepherdess :

66 Tell me, sweetest,

What new service now is meetest

For the satyre; shall I stray

In the middle ayre, and stay

The sailing rack, or nimbly take

Hold by the moone, and gently make

Suit to the pale queene of night,

For a beame to give thee light?

Shall I dive into the sea,

And bring thee coral, making way
Through the rising waves,' etc.

D. ex

Ariel and all his quality. That is, all his ability, his powers. plains it as "all those occupied in similar services, all his fellows." Perform'd to point. Exactly, to the minutest point; like the French à point. See Gr. 187.

The waist. "That part of a ship which is contained between the quarter-deck and the forecastle." (Falconer's Marine Dictionary.)

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I'd divide. Will and would are sometimes used to express a repeated or customary action. Gr. 330. Cf. Oth. i. 3: "But still the house affairs would draw her hence ;" and below, iii. 2: Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments Will hum about mine ears." So in Gray's Elegy: "His listless length at noontide would he stretch," etc.

Distinctly. In its original sense of separately. An allusion to the electrical phenomenon known as Saint Elmo's fire. In Hakluyt's Voyages (1598) there is the following description of it, which S. may have had in mind: "I do remember that in the great and boysterous storme of this foule weather, in the night there came upon the toppe of our maine yard and maine-mast a certaine little light, much like unto the light of a little candle, which the Spaniards call the Cuerpo Santo. This light continued aboord our ship about three houres, flying from maste to maste, and from top to top; and sometimes it would be in two or three places at once." Coil. Turmoil, tumult. Cf. T. of A. i. 2: "what a coil's here!" R. and 7. ii. 5: "here's such a coil !" etc.

Fever of the mad. Fever of delirium.

Afire. See Gr. 24.

With hair up-staring. See Gr. 429. Cf. J. C. iv. 3: "That makest my blood cold and my hair to stare.'

Their sustaining garments. Bearing or resisting the effects of the water. Some explain it as "bearing them up in the water."

Cooling of the air. See Gr. 178. Cf. 3 Hen. VI. ii. 5: "blowing of his nails;" 7. C. v. 3: "saving of thy life;" A. Y. L. ii. 7: "hearing of a song;" etc.

In this sad knot. Folded thus.

Still-vex'd Bermoothes. The ever-disturbed Bermudas. "The epithet here applied to the Bermudas," says Henley, "will be best understood by those who have seen the chafing of the sea over the rugged rocks by which they are surrounded, and which render access to them so dangerous." On still=ever, see Mer. p. 128.

Who, with a charm. See above on Who t' advance, etc.

For the rest of the fleet. This use of for=as for, as regards, is common in S. See Gr.149.

Flote. Flood, wave. Probably the same as float, and not the French flot, as most editors make it.

Two glasses. Two turns of the hour-glass, two hours.

Since thou dost give me pains. Dost give me hard work to do.

Let me remember thee. Remind thee. Gr. 291. Cf. W. T. iii. 2: "I'll not remember you of my own lord," etc. It is sometimes used in a similar sense (=mention) without an object; as in 2 Hen. IV. v. 2 :—

"Our coronation done, we will accite,

As I before remember'd, all our state.'

Cf. below, "The ditty does remember (mention, or commemorate) my drown'd father." The passive form to be remembered is sometimes to call to mind, to recollect; as, "If you be remember'd" (M. for M. ii. 1,

and T. of S. iv. 3), "I am remember'd” (A. Y. L. iii. 5), "Be you remember'd" (T. A. iv. 3), etc.

Is not yet perform'd me. The me is the "indirect object" of the verb. Gr. 220. Cf. just below, "To do me business."

To bate me.

Mer. p. 153.

Cf. A. W. ii. 3: "I will not bate thee a scruple." See also

To tread the ooze. The bottom (not the margin) of the sea.

Cf. Hen.

V. 1. 2: "the ooze and bottom of the sea ;" and below, iii. 3 : "my son i' th' ooze is bedded."

Hast thou forgot. On the form of the participle, see Gr. 343, and cf. Mer. p. 141, note on Not undertook.

Argier. The old name for Algiers. It was not obsolete even in Dryden's day. See his Limberham, iii. 1: "you Argier's man."

For one thing she did. But what it was the poet nowhere tells us. It may have been mentioned (as Boswell thinks) in the novel on which the play was probably founded.

This blue-eyed hag. Staunton suggests "blear-eyed," but no change is

necessary.

Wast then her servant.

The folio has was, and (as Walker suggests) that may be what S. wrote. So below the folio has "stroked'st and made much of me."

And for thou wast. And because thou wast. See Gr. 151, and Mer. p. 134, note on For he is a Christian.

Hests. Commands. Sometimes printed "'hests," but it is not a contraction of behests. It is used again in iii. 1 ("I have broke your hest"), and in iv. I ("spongy April at thy hest betrims"); and it is used by Wiclif, Chaucer, Spenser, etc. The mistake in printing 'hest is like that of 'bate (see Mer. p. 153), yond' (see C. p. 369), 'light (=alight), etc.

Into a cloven pine. We sometimes find into for in "with verbs of rest implying motion" (cf. Rich. III. v. 5: "Is all my armour laid into my tent?"), as we often find in with verbs of motion (cf. M. of V. v. I: creep in our ears;" Ham. v. 1: "leaping in her grave,” etc.). "Fall in love" is still a familiar idiom. A few lines below we have "put heaviness in me."

Caliban her son. Farmer says, "The metathesis in Caliban from Canibal

is evident."

Correspondent to command. That is, obedient to command. See Gr. p. 12 (viii).

And do my spriting gently. Do my work as a spirit meekly, or with good will (as opposed to "moody" above). Some editors print "spiriting," but the folio has "spryting." "Spirit" is often virtually a monosyllable. Gr. 463.

Go make thyself, etc. The folio reads thus:

"Goe make thy selfe like a Nymph o' th' Sea,

Be subject to no sight but thine, and mine: inuisible

To euery eye-ball else," etc.

This is well enough with a slight change in arrangement, as in the text; but Steevens omits the thine as "ridiculous," and prints the lines as follows: