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38. Each of the terms of a simple sentence may be an interrogative word or phrase; as,

1st, Who has done this? Interrogative subject.

2d, Which house is the general's? Interrogative attribute. 3d, Has he finished his work? Interrogative predicate. 4th, Whom did you address? Interrogative object. 5th, Why will ye die? Interrogative adverbial.

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2. Not a drum was heard.-Wolfe.

3. The Greeks fled towards the city.-Gibbon.

4. My hopes no more must change their name.—Wordsworth.

5. So work the honey-bees.-Shakespeare.

6. Her home is on the deep.-Campbell.

7. Lucy remained silent.-Scott.

8. Then bugle's note and cannon's roar the death-like silence broke.→ Macaulay.

9. Britannia needs no bulwarks.- Campbell.

10. Diamonds on the brake are gleaming.—Scott.

11. There lay the rider distorted and pale.-Byron.

12. Jerusalem has derived some reputation from the number and importance of her memorable sieges.- Gibbon.

B.

1. Then pledged we the wine-cup.-Campbell.

2. Why should we yet the sail unfurl?-Moore.

3. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate.-Pope.
4. I myself commend

Unto thy guidance from this hour.- Wordsworth.

5. His house was known to all the vagrant train. - Goldsmith.
6. I am glad to see you well.-Shakespeare.
7. Whom call we gay?-Cowper.

8. Attention held them mute.-Milton.

9. One man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.-Shakespeare. 10. Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of Invention.-Cowper. 11. You can hear him swing his heavy sledge With measured beat and slow.-Longfellow.

12. Full many a gem of purest ray serene

The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear.-Gray.

C.

1. The service past, around the pious man

With ready zeal each honest rustic ran.-Goldsmith.

2. Slowly and sadly we laid him down,

From the field of his fame fresh and gory.-- Wolfe.

3. There he lives in state and bounty,

Lord of Burleigh fair and free.—Tennyson.

4. The bonfires shone bright along the whole circuit of the ramparts. -Macaulay.

5. You wronged yourself to write in such a case.—Shakespeare.

6. No surly porter stands, in guilty state,

To spurn imploring famine from the gate.-Goldsmith.

7. They came on the third day, by the direction of the peasants, to the hermit's cell.-Johnson.

8. We are to try for some historical conception of this man and king.-Carlyle.

9. Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace

The day's disasters in his morning face-Goldsmith.

10. The favourite diversions of the middle ages, in the intervals of war, were those of hunting and hawking.-Hallam.

11. The fisher left his skiff to rock on Tamar's glittering waves.

Macaulay.

12. I love to rejoice their poor hearts at this season.—Spectator.

D.

1. This to me in dreadful secrecy impart they did.—Shakespeare. 2. Stormed at with shot and shell

Boldly they rode and well.—Tennyson.

3. Thus, after a siege of fifty-three days, was Constantinople irretrievably subdued by the arms of Mahomet the Second.-Gibbon.

4. Where shall poverty reside

To 'scape the pressure of contiguous pride?—Goldsmith.

5. Whereto serves mercy but to confront the visage of offence?

Shakespeare.

6. The business of the toilet being over, we had at last the satisfaction of seeing him mounted upon the colt.-Goldsmith.

7. From Clive's second visit to India dates the political ascendency of the English in that country.-Macaulay.

8. Wild as the scream of the curlew

From crag to crag the signal flew.-Scott.

9. The year is dying in the night.-Tennyson.

10. The parting gleam of sunshine kissed that haughty scroll of gold.— Macaulay.

11. I have often left my childish sports to ramble in this place.-Lamb. 12. Meanwhile our primitive great sire to meet

1.

His godlike guest walks forth.-Milton.

E.

Around their hearths by night

What gladsome looks of household love

Meet in the ruddy light!—Mrs Hemans.

2. The Indians with surprise found the mouldering trees of their forests suddenly teeming with ambrosial sweets.-Irving.

3. We buried him darkly at dead of night,

The sods with our bayonets turning,

By the struggling moonbeam's misty light,
And our lanterns dimly burning.-Wolfe.

4. Two of the bee-hunters now plied their axes vigorously at the root of the tree, to level it with the ground.-Irving.

5. What needs my Shakespeare, for his honoured bones,

6.

The labour of an age in piled stones?—Milton.

To put the power

Of sovereign rule into the good man's hand,

Is giving peace and happiness to millions.-Thomson.

7. The ascending pile stood fixed her stately highth.-Milton.

8.

With taper light

To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish

Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.- -Shakespeare.

9. From peak to peak the rattling crags among Leaps the live thunder.-Byron.

10. My heart was filled with a deep melancholy, to see several dropping unexpectedly in the midst of mirth and jollity.-Addison.

11. Then some leaped overboard with dreadful yell,

As eager to anticipate their grave.—Byron.

12. Unwounded from the dreadful close,

But breathless all, Fitz-James arose.-Scott.

CHAPTER III.-THE COMPLEX SENTENCE.

§ 39. When any one of the terms of a simple sentence is expanded into a clause, the sentence is said to be complex (§ 31); as,

Simple, A man of learning is respected.

Complex, A man who is learned is respected.

40. A complex sentence, therefore, is a sentence which, besides its principal predicate, contains one or more subordinate predicates.

The Complex Sentence, like the Simple, contains only one main proposition. The other propositions are subsidiary to this one, and are introduced for the purpose of explaining or qualifying some part of the

main assertion.

41. A complex sentence contains as many clauses as it has predicates. That containing the main proposition is called the Principal clause; the others are called Subordinate clauses.

42. In Tabular analysis—or the method of arranging the clauses in a table, to show their relation to each other,—the following notation may be used:

1. The principal clause is marked by a capital letter, A. 2. The subordinate clauses are marked by small letters, а, a.

3. The degree of subordination is indicated by a number placed over the letter (an algebraic index), thus: all clauses immediately subordinate to A, are marked a1; clauses subordinate to a1 are marked a2; those sub. ordinate to a2 are marked a3, &c., &c.

4. Where two or more clauses are subordinate to the same clause, they are distinguished by numbers placed before the letters (algebraic co-efficients), thus: two clauses subordinate to A, are marked la1, 2a1; two or more clauses subordinate to a are marked la2, 2a2, 3a2, &c., &c. This is exhibited in the following table:

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43. Two or more subordinate clauses having the same kind of subordination to a superior clause, are said to be co-ordinate with each other; as, 1a2 and 2a2 in example to Exercise 9.

Exercise 9.

Analyze the following sentences into CLAUSES, with Notation :

Example.

"As soon as it was understood that the attack was directed against him alone, and that, if he were sacrificed, his associates might expect advantageous and honourable terms, the ministerial ranks began to waver."-Macaulay.

Clauses.

a1. As soon as it was understood

1a2. That the attack was directed against him alone

2a2. And that his associates might expect advantageous and honour

able terms,

a3. If he were sacrificed,

A. The Ministerial ranks began to waver.

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1. As soon as morning dawned, all doubts and fears were dispelled.— Robertson.

2. Before I invite you into my society and friendship, I will be open and sincere with you.-Addison.

3. The sorrow for the dead is the only sorrow from which we refuse to be divorced.—Irving.

4. Is it possible for people, without scruple, to offend against the law which they carry about them in indelible characters, and that stares them in the face whilst they are breaking it?-Locke. 5. Though this be madness, yet there is method in it.—Shakespeare.

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