48

That not for Fame, but Virtue's better end,
He stood the furious foe, the timid friend,
The damning critic, half-approving wit,
The coxcomb hit, or fearing to be hit;
Laugh'd at the lofs of friends he never had,

The dull, the proud, the wicked, and the mad;

NOTES.

345

The

tend to fend you two or three poems of Mr. Pope, the best Poet
of England, and at prefent of all the world. I hope you are ac-
his called
upon poem
quainted enough with the English tongue, to be fenfible of all the
charms of his works. For my part, I look
the Effay on Criticism as superior to the Art of Poetry of Horace;
and his Rape of the Lock is, in my opinion, above the Lutrin of
Defpreaux. I never faw fo amiable an imagination, fo gentle
graces, fo great variety, fo much wit, and fo refined knowledge
W.
of the world, as in this little performance." MS. Lett. Od. 15,
1726.

VER. 341. But floop'd to Truth, and moraliz'd his fong:] This
may be faid no lefs in commendation of his literary, than of his
moral character. And his fuperior excellence in poetry is owing
to it. He foon discovered in what his force lay; and he made the
beft of that advantage, by a fedulous cultivation of his proper ta-
lent. For having read Quintilian early, this precept did not
efcape him, Sunt hæc duo vitanda prorfus: unum ne tentes quod effici
non poffit; alterum, ne ab eo, quod quis optime facit, in aliud, cui mi-
nus eft idoneus, transferas. It was in this knowledge and cultiva-
tion of his genius that he had principally the advantage of his
great mafter, Dryden; who, by his Mac-Fleeno, his Abfolom and
Achitophel, but chiefly by his Prologues and Epilogues, appears'
to have had great talents for this fpecies of moral poetry; but,
unluckily, he feemed neither to understand nor attend to it. W.

Ibid. But floop'd to Truth,] The term is from falconry; and
the allusion to one of those untam❜d birds of fpirit, which fome-
W.
times wantons at large in airy circles before it regards, or floops

to,

its prey.

VER. 343. He flood the furious foe,] Stood, improperly used for withstood.

h

The diftant threats of vengeance on his head,
The blow unfelt, the tear he never shed;
The tale reviv'd, the lie fo oft o'erthrown,
Th' imputed trafh, and dulnefs not his own;
The morals blacken'd when the writings 'fcape,
The libell'd perfon, and the pictur'd shape;
Abuse, on all he lov'd, or lov'd him, spread,
A friend in exile, or a father, dead;

350

355

The

NOTES.

VER. 350. The tale reviv'd,] Formerly, "The tales of vengeance."

VER. 350. The lie fo oft o'erthrown,] As, that he received fubfcriptions for Shakespeare, that he fet his name to Mr. Broome's verfes, &c. which, though publicly difproved, were nevertheless fhamelessly repeated in the Libels, and even in that called the Nobleman's Epifile.

P.

VER. 351. Th' imputed trafb,] Such as profane Pfalms, Court Poems, and other fcandalous things, printed in his name by Curl and others.

W.

VER. 353. The pictur'd shape;] Hay, in his effay on Deformity, has remarked, that Pope was fo hurt by the caricatura of his figure, as to rank it among the most atrocious injuries he received from his enemies. Hay, with much pleafantry, jefting on his own deformity, has added, "In perfon I refemble Efop, the Prince of Orange, Marthal Luxemburg, Lord Treasurer Salif bury, Scarron, and Mr. Pope; not to mention Therfites and Richard the Third, whom I do not claim as members of our fo'ciety; the first being a child of the poet's fancy; the last, mifreprefented by historians. Let me not be unthankful that I was not born in Sparta! where I had no fooner seen the light but I should have been deprived of it, and have been thrown, as an useless thing, into a cavern by Mount Taygetus."

VER. 354. Abuse, on all he lov'd, or lov'd him, fpread,] Namely, on the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Burlington, Lord Bathurft, Lord Bolingbroke, Bishop Atterbury, Dr. Swift, Dr. Arbuthnot, Mr. Gay, his Friends, his. Parents, and his very

VOL. IV.

E

Nurfe,

The whisper, that to Greatness still too near,
Perhaps, yet vibrates on his SoV'REIGN's Ear-
Welcome for thee, fair Virtue! all the paft:
For thee, fair Virtue! welcome ev'n the last!

A. But why infult the poor, affront the great?
P. A knave's a knave to me, in ev'ry state:
Alike my fcorn, if he fucceed or fail,
Sporus at court, or Japhet in a jail,

361

A hireling fcribbler, or a hireling peer,

Knight of the poft corrupt, or of the fhire;

365

If on a Pillory, or near a throne,

He gain his Prince's ear, or lofe his own.

Yet foft by nature, more a dupe than wit, Sappho can tell you how this man was bit:

VARIATIONS.

VER. 368..in the MS.

This

Once, and but once, his heedlefs Youth was bit,
And lik'd that dang'rous thing, a Female Wit:
Safe as he thought, tho' all the prudent chid;

He writ no Libels, but my Lady did:

Great odds in am'rous or poetic game,

Where Woman's is the fin, and Man's the fhame.

NOTES.

Nurse, afperfed in printed papers, by James Moore, G. Ducket, L. Welfted, Tho. Bentley, and other obfcure perfons.

P.

VER. 356. The whifper, that to Greatnefs fill too near,] By the whisper is meant calumniating honeft characters. Shakespeare has finely expreffed this office of the fycophant of Greatness in the following line:

"Rain facrificial whifp'rings in his ear."

By which is meant the immolating men's reputations to the vice or vanity of his Patron. W.-Did Shakespeare mean this?

VER. 359. For thee, fair Virtue! welcome ev'n the last!] This line is remarkable for prefenting us with the most amiable image of fteady Virtue, mixed with a modeft concern for his being forced

to

This dreaded Satʼrift Dennis will confefs

Foe to his pride, but Friend to his distress:

So humble, he has knock'd at Tibbald's door,

370

Has drunk with Cibber, nay has rhym'd for Moor,
Full ten years flander'd, did he once reply?
Three thousand funs went down on Welfted's lie, 375
To please his Mistress, one afpers'd his life;
He lash'd him not, but let her be his wife:
Let Budgel charge low Grubftrect on his quill,
And write whate'er he pleas'd, except his Will;

NOTES.

Let

to undergo the feverest proofs of his love for it; which was the being thought hardly of by his SOVEREIGN.

W.

VER. 363. Sporus at court,] In former editions, Glencus at court. VER. 374. Ten years] It was fo long after many libels before the Author of the Dunciad published that poem, till when, he never writ a word in anfwer to the many fcurrilities and falfehoods concerning him.

P.

VER. 375. Welfied's lie,] This man had the impudence to tell in print, that Mr. P. had occafioned a Lady's death, and to name a perfon he never heard of. He alfo published that he libelled the Duke of Chandos; with whom (it was added) that he had lived in familiarity, and received from him a prefent of five hundred pounds: the falfehood of both which is known to his Grace. Mr. P. never received any prefent, farther than the fubfcription for Homer, from him, or from any great Man whatsoever.

P.

VER. 378. Let Budgel] Budgel, in a weekly pamphlet called the Bee, bestowed much abuse on him, in the imagination that he writ fome things about the Laft Will of Dr. Tindal, in the Grubfireet Journal; a Paper wherein he never had the leaft hand, direction, or fupervifal, nor the least knowledge of its Author. P. VER. 379. Except his Will;] Alluding to Tindal's Will: by which, and other indirect practices, Budgel, to the exclufion of the next heir, a nephew, got to himself almost the whole fortune of a man entirely unrelated to him.

P.

Let the two Curls of Town and Court, abuse
His father, mother, body, foul, and mufe.

Yet why? that Father held it for a rule,

It was a fin to call our neighbour fool:

380

That harmless Mother thought no wife a whore: Hear this, and spare his family, James Moore! 385 Unfpotted names, and memorable long!

If there be force in Virtue, or in Song.

NOTES.

Of

VER. 381. His father, mother, &c.] In fome of Curl's and other pamphlets, Mr. Pope's Father was faid to be a Mechanic, a Hatter, a Farmer, nay a Bankrupt. But, what is ftranger, a Nobleman (if fuch a reflection could be thought to come from a Nobleman) had dropt an allusion to that pitiful untruth, in a paper called an Epifle to a Doctor of Divinity: and the following line,

"Hard as thy Heart, and as thy Birth obscure,"

had fallen from a like Courtly pen, in certain Verfes to the Imitator of Horace. Mr. Pope's Father was of a Gentleman's Family in Oxfordshire, the head of which was the Earl of Downe, whose fole Heirefs married the Earl of Lindfay.-His Mother was the daughter of William Turner, Efq. of York: She had three brothers, one of whom was killed, another died in the fervice of King Charles; the eldeft following his fortunes, and becoming a general officer in Spain, left her what eftate remained after the fequeftrations and forfeitures of her family.-Mr. Pope died in 1717, aged 75; fhe in 1733, aged 93, a very few weeks after this Poem was finished. The following infcription was placed by their fon on their Monument in the parish of Twickenham in Middlesex :

D. O. M.

ALEXANDRO. POPE. VIRO. INNOCVO. PROBO. PIO.

QUI. VIXIT. ANNOS. LXXV. OB. MDCCXVII.