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be thus paraphrased: "And I have said alarmed by this circumstance, and fearing unto thee (Moses), Send forth (shal- worse evils, took the resolution to return to lach) my son (Gershom, by circumcising her father's house with her two sons. him), that he may serve me (which he cannot chap. xviii. 1, &c do till entered into the covenant by circum- Rosen.-24, In diversorio, in loco cision), but thou hast refused to send him pernoctationis (ut Genes. xliii. 21). Amdapa forth; behold (therefore), I will slay thy son,, Occurrit ei Jova, pro quo LXX. et thy firstborn. And it came to pass by the Onkelos atque Arabs uterque ayyedos Kupíov, way in the inn (when he was on his journey angelus Dei, posuerunt, quod sibi persuadere to Egypt), that Jehovah met him, and sought non possent, Deum ipsum ad hoc minis(threatened) to kill him (Gershom). Then terium descendisse. Sed cf. ad iii. 2. SufZipporah took a sharp stone, and cut away fixum in et in eo quod proxime the foreskin of her son, and caused it to sequitur, in, occidere eum (quæsivit), touch his feet (Jehovah's, who probably non, uti nonnulli volunt ad primogenitum appeared in a bodily shape; the Septuagint Mosis filium, sed ad ipsum Mosen referencall him the Angel of the Lord), and said dum est. Ita et Syrus: et quæsivit occidere unto him, A spouse by blood art thou unto Mosen. Qui enim in verbis antecedentibus me. Then he (Jehovah) ceased from him jussus est viam inire, Moses, idem hoc vs. (Gershom). Then she said, A spouse by commodissime intelligitur in via fuisse. Acblood art thou unto me, because of this cir- cedit, quod contextus circumstantiæ ipsiuscumcision." That is, I who am an alien que Zippora factum comprobat, de pœna a have entered as fully into covenant with thee parentibus neglectæ circumcisionis agi, quæ by doing this act, as my son has on whom Mosi potius, quam infanti luenda erat. Sane this act has been performed. si h. vs. de puero sermo esset, vix est The meaning of the whole passage seems dubium, scriptorem vs. sq. dicturum fuisse : to be this. The son of Moses, Gershom or circumcidit præputium ejus, non autem Eliezer (for it does not appear which), had; ecquid enim opus fuisset, illum not been circumcised, though it would seem iterum denominare, cujus mentio jam ante that God had ordered the father to do it; semper sigbut as he had neglected this, therefore nificat quærere occidere s. ad necem, coll. Jehovah was about to have slain the child, 1 Sam. xix. 2, 10; 2 Sam. xx. 19; 1 Reg. because not in covenant with him by cir- xi. 40; Ps. xxxvii. 32. Quo vero indicio cumcision, and thus he intended to have mortem sibi a Jova intentari intellexerit punished the disobedience of the father by Moses, an ex gravi aliquo morbo, qui ipsum the natural death of his son. Zipporah, repente invasit, an ex alia quadam re, getting acquainted with the nature of the definiri nequit. Cur autem Jova Mosi ita case and the danger to which her firstborn succensuerit, facile colligitur e vs. sq., niwas exposed, took a sharp stone, and cut off mirum ob neglectam filii circumcisionem, the foreskin of her son. By this act the qua peracta Moses a mortis periculo libedispleasure of the Lord was turned aside, ratus est (vs. 26). Neglecta a Mose filii and Zipporah considered herself as now circumcisione grave utique ab ipso delictum allied to God because of this circumcision. commissum est, quod quum ipse numinis According to the law (Gen. xvii. 14), the legatus, fœderis mediator et legislator fuuncircumcised child was to be cut off from turus esset, si hic ipse fœderis signum et his people, so that there should be no in- sigillum negligeret, et contemnere videretur, heritance for that branch of the family in pravo exemplo vehementer noceret, et IsIsrael. Moses therefore, for neglecting to raelitarum animos a se redderet aversos. circumcise the child, exposed him to this Culpa tamen neglectæ circumcisionis præcicutting off, and it was but barely prevented pue penes Zipporam fuisse videtur, a cruento by the prompt obedience of Zipporah. As hoc ritu, in tenero infante instituendo, circumcision was the seal of that justification abhorrentem; quæ nunc metu præsentissimi by faith which comes through Christ, Moses mortis marito imminentis, eo compellitur, by neglecting it gave a very bad example, ut filium ipsa circumcideret. Interpres and God was about to proceed against him Samar. et Samaritano-Arabicus, quibus inwith that severity which the law required. juriosum videretur, Jovam voluisse occidere It is probable that Zipporah, being Mosen, verba in reddiderunt: quæ

esset facta? Phrasis

המיתר .Voc

ad

sivit eum urgere, incitare, sc. ad acceleran- et e Christianis nonnulli vocc.
dum iter in Ægyptum.
re- filium Mosis referunt. Voci præter
ferebant ad tumultuari, fervido impetu propriam sponsi significationem aliam, eam-
urgere.
que metaphoricam tribuunt, qua filius per-

,Sumsit- acta circumcisione sponsus sit appellatus וַתְּקַח צִפָּרָה כֹּר וַתִּכְרֹת אֶת־עָרְלַת בְּנָהּ .25

lit.

que Zippora silicem, absciditque præputium siquidem hoc modo populo conjunctus Deo-
filii sui. alias quidem est, i.q., acies que desponsatus est. Attamen quum infantem
(Ps. lxxxix. 44), ut res quæcunque acuta circumcisum appellatum fuisse, non
designetur; h. 1. vero (uti Ez. iii. 9) acutus certo constet, et ne quidem satis sit veri-
et scindens silex, quo usa est Zippora, quod simile; reliquum est, ut Mosen
hic
cultro aut novacula destituta fuit. Apud vocari statuamus ab uxore, quod eum quasi
Ægyptios lapis Æthiopicus in cultros acue- sponsum de novo acquirere et coëmere pro-
batur. Herodotus enim describens, qua fusione sanguinis filii fuerit coacta. Dicit
ratione viscera e condiendo cadavere edu- itaque: sanguine te redimere ac retinere
cerent, l. ii. c. 16, ita orditur: Xilo Aidi- cogor, nempe sanguine filioli mei, quem
οπικῷ ὀξέϊ παρασχίσαντες παρὰ τὴν λαπάρην, nisi circumcidissem, ac sanguinem ejus
lapide Ethiopico circa ilia findentes., fudissem, actum erat de vita tua, et tu mihi
inquit Castellus Lexic. Heptagl., p. 3151, ereptus esses. Nec improbabilis Gussetii
"silex acutus. Eo usi sunt ob defectum in Commentarr. Ling. Ebr. sub voc.
ferri. Sic in Hispana insula quia ferro D., et Deylingii in Observatt. SS., t. ii.
carent, pro eo utuntur cote acuto. Hodie Obs. x. p. 156, prolata sententia, Zipporam
utuntur Judæi novaculis chalybeis, quarum e fervore quodam muliebri, ut iram, ex filii
capuli sunt lapidei: ante octavam diem vulnere doloroso conceptam in maritum
mortuos et abortivos masculos circumcidunt effunderet, verba illa protulisse. Mosen
lapide fissili." Cf. d. a. u. n. Morgenl., i. enim in causa credidisse, quod ritu tam
p. 269. Quæ sequuntur verba: vn, sanguineo tenerum infantis corpus mutilare
LXX. vertunt: κаì проσéñeσε прòs Toùs cogeretur. Hinc dolorem dissimulare ipsam
Tódas avrov, procidit Zippora ad pedes ejus, non potuisse, sed præputium ad mariti pedes
angeli, prostrato corpore eum adoravit. indignabundam projecisse, dum ita eum
Vulgat.: et tetigit pedes ejus. Syrus: et alloqueretur: tu mihi desponsatus fuisti eo
tenuit pedes ejus. Sed rectius cum plurimis malo omine, ut homicidia admitteremus,
interpretibus vet. verbum transitivum, eaque in nostros filios, quibus circumcisio
tangere fecit, capitur projiciendi significatu, e vestro, Ebræorum, ritu tam teneris est
ut verba ita sint vertenda: projecitque sc. inferenda; jam enim eo vulnere filium
, ad pedes ejus, sc. Mosis. Quod et meum periturum reor.
Cf. ad vs. sq.
Mendelii fil. elegit, qui verba sic exponit: Quod ad attinet observat Ed. Pocock
Projecit illud, præputium filii, ante pedes in Notis Miscellan. quas addidit Maimo-
Mosis; est enim verbum transitivum, utpote nidis Porta Mosis a se editæ, cap. 4, p. 52,
species Hiphil, quasi diceret Zippora: si pro ut in lingua Hebraica, sic et Arabica
pœna luenda ob intermissam circumcisionem thema, affinitatem contrahendi no-
ægrotaveris, en! sanguinem circumcisionis.

Parum probabilis est aliorum explicatio, qui tionem habere, “unde non solum socer, sed
suffix. in referunt ad Jovam (s. ad et tota eorum, qui mulieri sanguine con-
angelum ejus), quasi ad hujus pedes Zippora juncti, series, pater, fratres, patrui, avun-
abscissum præputium admovisset. culi, nomine gaudet, ut et, juxta

Profecto sponsus sanguinum tu דָּמִים אַתָּה לִי

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es mihi. Ad quemnam directa sint hæc nonnullos, respectu mulieris, quicunque verba dissentiunt. Omnium minime audi- maritum consanguinitatis et cognationis endi sunt, qui ad Jovam, vel ejus angelum titulis attingunt. Eadem appellatione gaudet illa referunt, quasi verbum, quod

ir الرجل المتزوج في القوم Arabibus circumcidit denotat, translatum sit gener, vel

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ad fœdera, percussis et cæsis victimis san- qui se conjugii jure populo alicui inseruerit ; cita, et Zippora dum angelum appellaret hic ab omnibus istis Chatan appellatur. Qui fœderatum sibi cruentum, hoc voluerit: foedus tamen in lingua Hebraica ita distinguuntur, tecum initum non nisi sanguinis effusione ut ille n, hic vero audiat. Hoc est sancitur. Plerique ex recentioribus Hebræis quod dicit Ebn-Jannahius [7, et

216

الان

quia sponses, عروس مقتول انت لي

pæne occisus es mihi.

Ita et

Abu-Walid dictus, qui opus grammaticum sponsum occisum, i.e., pæne occisum vocat. præstantissimum lingua Arabica conscripsit]: Ita et Arabs Erpenii Hebræa vertit : Nomen licet in lingua Arabica tum patri uxoris ac fratri ejus, quum filiæ marito competat, inter hos tamen diversa nominis 26, Et remisit angelus ab eo, Idem verbum de forma et pronunciatione distinguunt Hebræi. Mose, infestando. Inde et nomen Chatuna et Chatun angelo, Israelitas peste percutiente, 1 Chron. xxi. 15. Ei quum Deus pestem cessare ejusmodi affinitatis contractionem, ut Hebraicum denotat, cum vir mulierem in vellet ipse dicit:, satis est, uxorem ducit. Atque hinc apud N. T. in- nunc remitte manum tuam, nec amplius letiferam pestilentiæ vim exsere. terpretem ab Erpenio editum pro sponso hoc loco cum angelus dicitur a Mose reetiam usurpatur, ut Joa. iii. 29, ubi & píos misisse scil. manum ab eo percutiendo, Toû vuμpíov redditur, ut et significatur, morbum, qui ei mortem mihunc intellectum cum Hebraico habeat. naretur, cessasse. Præter hos vero significatus alium etiam Tunc igitur dixit: sponsus sanguinis propter habet thema istud apud Arabes usitatis- circumcisiones, quæ verba Onkelos ita redsimum, Hebræis forte ignotum, vel saltem didit: se na pag saja̸mp? Not bibir, nisi sanguis circumcisionis istius esset, reus oblivioni traditum, quem tamen nescio an Jonathan mortis factus erat sponsus meus. eo jam memorato posteriorem, atque ab et Targum Hierosolymitanum: tum in oriundum statuam. Est ille, quo circumlaudes erupit Zippora et dixit: quam carus est sanguis circumcisionis hujus, qui liberavit hic pro sponsum a manu angeli perdentis.

cisionem denotat; inde , circumcidere,

là, qui circumcidit, is

رختان circumcisus

et

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مختون,

locus qui circumciditur,

item ipsa circumcisio, ut et

His

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seu ponitur, ut infra xiv. 3. Cur in plurali numero ni hic dicitur, Hebræi varias, ex parte ridiculas rationes afferunt. Sed videtur mera numeri enallage esse, quæ et Jarchi sententia videtur, qui verba sic

. خِتَانَة

sponses, חתני היה נרצח על דבר המילה : tam apud Arabes exponit חֲתַן דָּמִים,observatis constat

vel

Est vero

meus erat occidendus propter circumcisionem quam apud Hebræos sonare generum omissam. Nisi forsan in mente habuerit sponsum sanguinis. Zippora interim, cui Arabica vernacula fuit, non hunc solum, sed et alterum ejusdem vocis significatum respexisse videtur, atque utrumque simul verbis suis indigitasse, quæ quid si ita intelligantur, ac si marito suo dixisset: vere et merito tu

utriusque filii circumcisionem. istud i explicationis gratia additum, quo clarius intelligatur, quamobrem nempe Mosen appellarit. Haud indignam quæ commemoretur, Deylingii (1. 1. p. 156) judicamus conjecturam, Zipporam dixisse mihi Chatan diceris, utroque enim sensu propter circumcisiones, respectu habito nomen hoc tibi competit, non eo solum, quo ad duplicem circumcidendi rationem Ismaela parentibus et consanguineis meis gener, iticam, et Hebraicam, apud populos ab etc. appellaris, sed et isto, qui sanguinis Abrahamo ortos receptam. Hi enim octavo effusionem innuit et requirit. Hoc, si Mosen die, illi autem, qui ex Ismaele descendebant, Ebnaccensebantur, anno alloquuta fuerit; sin puerum, quæ quibus Midianitæ Jannachii [ut plerorumque recentiorum ætatis decimo tertio, ut hodienum Moham"Hinc inHebræorum, vid. supra] est sententia, medani, circumcidi debebant. eundem usum habebit, quem et, pater, et, frater, apud Arabes, ut gener vel sponsus sanguinis sit vel sanguine acquisitus seu redemtus, vel, ut Ebn-Jannachius, sanguini, i.e., morti valde vicinus.

Ita ille

wall she did, quod parum a morte

علي الموت

telligitur, unde tantæ Zippora ob infantis circumcisionem iræ? Nam quum Ismael

iticam ac mitiorem Arabum circumcidendi rationem non admodum aversaretur, quia puero adultiori circumcisionem minus periculi afferre credebat, Hebræorum contra con

suetudinem, qui octavo die infantes circum

cidebant, tanquam inhumanam et homicidio

abfuit, ipsum d', i.e., Jong, proximam detestabatur, illo præsertim tem

pore, quo ob difficultates itineris, perpetuas

Ged.- -that I should obey his voice so

que vulneris commotiones in præsentissimo as to let go the children of [LXX, Arab., vitæ discrimine puerulus versari videbatur. and one MS.] Israel? I know not the Doluit igitur, quod spretis gentis suæ procis LORD; nor will I let go the children of viro Hebræo nupserit, auctaque hujusmodi [Arab.] Israel. recogitatione ira gravius excandescit, et deplorat, quod viro ob religionis studium ad

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Ver. 3.

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καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ. ὁ θεὸς τῶν Ἑβραίων προσκέκληται ἡμᾶς. πορευσόμεθα οὖν ὁδὸν τριῶν ἡμερῶν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, ὅπως θύσωμεν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν, μή ποτε συναντήσῃ ἡμῖν

we pray thee, three days' journey into the

27 εἶπε δὲ κύριος πρὸς ̓Ααρών. πορεύθητι Au. Ver.-3 And they said, The God of εἰς συνάντησιν Μωυσῇ εἰς τὴν ἔρημον. καὶ the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, ἐπορεύθη, καὶ συνήντησεν αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ ὄρει τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ κατεφίλησαν ἀλλήλους. 28 καὶ ἀνήγγειλε Μωυσῆς τῷ ̓Ααρὼν πάντας τοὺς λόγους κυρίου, οὓς ἀπέστειλε, καὶ πάντα τὰ ῥήματα, ἃ ἐνετείλατο αὐτῷ.

Au. Ver.-27 And the LORD said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses. And he went, and met him in the mount of God, and kissed him.

28 And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD who had sent him, and all the signs which he had commanded him.

Ged., Booth.-Now the Lord [Heb., Booth., Jehovah] had said to Aaron, "Go into the wilderness to meet Moses." And he went and met him at the great mountain, Horeb [Syr.].

28 Rosen.-Indicavitque Moses Aaroni omnia verba Jovæ, qui eum miserat. Alii relato ad, forsan rectius: quibus eum miserat, i.e., qua ratione Deus ipsum eo adegit, ut legationem illam, etsi invitus, in se susciperet.

CHAP. V. 2.

Au. Ver.-2 And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.

Ken.-Pharaoh said, Who is the Lord? I know not the Lord. It seems absolutely necessary here to express the word Jehovah. And as these words of Pharaoh are in reply

desert, and sacrifice unto the LORD our God; lest he fall upon us with pestilence, or with the sword.

Pool.-Hath met with us, i.e., hath appeared to us lately, and laid this command upon us. Others, is called upon us, i.e., his name is called upon us, or we are called by his name. But why should Moses so solemnly tell that to Pharaoh which all the people knew, to wit, that the Hebrews did worship the God of the Hebrews? And our translation is confirmed by comparing this with Exod. iii. 18, where this very message is prescribed. Lest he fall upon us; lest he punish, either us, if we disobey his command, or thee, if thou hinderest us from obeying it: but this latter they only imply, as being easily gathered from the former.

Let

Ged. And they said, The God of the Hebrews is the God whom we invoke. us go, we pray thee, a journey of three days into the wilderness, and sacrifice unto the Lord [Heb., Rosen., Jehovah] our God; lest he afflict us with pestilence or war.

Rosen.-Hebræorum Deus vocatur super nos [cf. ad iii. 18]: eamus, quæso, trium dierum iter in desertum, ut Jovæ, Deo nostro sacra faciamus.

Ver. 5.

וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה הֵן רַבִּים עַתָּה עַם to Moses, tis plain that Moses himself did

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not think it profane to pronounce this sacred name, even in the presence of a heathen king.

καὶ εἶπε Φαραώ. ἰδοὺ νῦν πολυπληθεῖ ὁ

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The Israelites in this land are very numerous, and therefore it were a madness in me to permit them all to meet and go together as you desire, which may tend to the ruin of my whole kingdom, and probably it is designed by you to that purpose. Or, therefore your injury to me is the greater, in attempting to rob me of the benefit of their labours. This I prefer, because it suits best with the following words.-Pool.

Ged., Booth.-Lo! they are more numerous than [so the Sam.] the people of the land, yet would ye [Booth., and would ye, &c. ?] make them, &c.

Ver. 8.

Au. Ver. 13 And the task-masters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily [Heb., a matter of a day in his day] tasks, as when there was straw.

Ged., Booth.-And the task-masters urged the people [Sam.] saying, "Fulfil your daily tasks, as when straw was given to you" [Sam., LXX, Syr., Onk., Vulg., Targ.].

Ver. 14.

Au. Ver. Both yesterday and to-day, &c. Ged., Booth.-Neither to-day nor yesterday, &c.

Ver. 16.
Au. Ver. And they say, &c.
Ged., Booth.-Yet they say, &c.

Ver. 17.

Au. Ver. But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and

do sacrifice to the LORD.

To the Lord.

Ged., Booth. To the Lord [ Heb., Booth., Jehovah] our God [LXX and two MSS.].

Ver. 21.

Au. Ver. From Pharaoh.

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καὶ τὴν σύνταξιν τῆς πλινθείας, ἧς αὐτοὶ ποιοῦσι, καθ ̓ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἐπιβαλεῖς αὐτοῖς. οὐκ ἀφελεῖς οὐδέν. σχολάζουσι γάρ. διὰ τοῦτο κεκράγασι, λέγοντες. ἐγερθῶμεν, καὶ θύσωμεν τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν.

Au. Ver.-8 And the tale of the bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God.

Ye shall lay upon them.

Booth. From the presence of [Sam.,

Ver. 22.

Au. Ver.-22 And Moses returned unto

the LoRD, and said, Lord, wherefore hast thou so evil-entreated this people? why is it

that thou hast sent me?

Unto the Lord.

Heb., Booth.-Unto Jehovah.

Evil-entreated.

Ged.-Brought evil upon.

CHAP. VI. 1.

Au. Ver.-1 Then the LORD said unto

Ged.-Ye shall daily lay upon them [so Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do

the LXX].

For they be idle.

&c.

to Pharaoh for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall

Ged., Booth.-For because they be idle, he drive them out of his land.

Ver. 13.

For with, &c.

Ged., Booth.- For through a strong hand only will he let them go, &c.

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οἱ δὲ ἐργοδιῶκται κατέσπευδον αὐτούς, λέγοντες. συντελεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τὰ καθήκοντα καθ ̓ ἡμέραν, καθάπερ καὶ ὅτε τὸ ἄχυρον ἐδίδοτο ὑμῖν.

s. propter manum meam validam dimittet eos. Intelligit plagas Pharaoni divinitus infligendas, quibus compulsus Israelitas sit dimissurus. Cf. ad

iii. 19.

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