with delicacy on the subject of pecuniary atonement. Bonaparte's answer was worthy of a Roman. • If you could proffer me,' he said, the treasures of Peru-if you could strew the whole district with gold, it could not atone for the French blood that has been treacherously spilt. The lion of St. Mark must lick the dust.'"* War was declared against Venice. The French were commanded to advance, and to destroy in their progress, wherever they found it displayed, the winged lion of St. Mark, the ancient emblem of Venetian sovereignty. Venice fell. Bonaparte, as he had threatened, did, like another Attila, dictate the law to that proud city. "The Senate submitted wholly, 31st May 1797. He exacted severe revenge. A democratical government was established in the stead of the ancient oligarchy, and besides the exaction of a heavy tribute, a large portion of the Venetian territories was ceded to the conquerors."+ Bonaparte thus completed his victorious career in northern Italy, and had passed over the rivers and fountains of waters, from the sources of the Bormida to the city of Venice; and from the banks of the Reno to the streamlets that issue from the farthest mountains of Tyrol. But though sprinkled from one extremity to the other of this extensive and defined region, the vial of wrath was yet only half poured out upon the rivers and fountains of waters. Peace was concluded between France and Austria on the 3d Ootober 1797. The Ligurian or Piedmontese republic was established; and such were the effects of French fraternization, that, in a brief space, the inhabitants of the north of Italy were ripe for revolt. The battle of the Nile gave new hope to the enemies of France. A new confederation of king • Sir W. Scott's Life of Napoleon, vol. iii. p. 317. doms was formed against it. A Russian army approached towards Germany; the French republic declared that its entrance into that country would be held tantamount to a declaration of war: and before the close of the year 1798, while the flower of the French army was withering in the deserts of Egypt, or on the coast of Palestine, (where, thus early, preparation had to be made for the pouring out of the sixth vial,) the war between Austria and France was renewed. In the former war Austria was, in the first instance, the aggressor, had provoked the vengeance of the fierce republic, and brought down judgment on its own head. But now France was the first to declare war, as before it had done, in calling down the vial that was poured out upon the sea. And the French were vanquished, where none before could withstand them. While the genius of Bonaparte was contending with the desert, and his attention was divided between a portion of Africa and of Asia, and while even he was beat back, at Acre, where he contended with British seamen, as he touched on the borders of the sea, the war was renewed in Northern Italy, under different auspices, and with a very different issue than before. There was another man in Europe who was fitted, no less than Bonaparte, for holding the vial of wrath in his hand, and for sprinkling it anew over the rivers and fountains of waters; and the French, who had once been joint agents in the work of shedding the blood of the saints of the Most High, were made the victims of the wrath of which they had so recently been the instruments. In savage cruelty no name could overmatch Suwarrow's. The siege of Ishmail is a black spot, even on a bloated world. The "merciless victor," who had presided over it, and who, without uttering one word of mercy, had calmly looked on the massacre of thirty thousand vanquished enemies, was, upon the first tidings of war, on tl march to Italy to retrace the steps of Bonaparte. Lil a demon of destruction, he lighted on the rivers, ar stopped not till he reached the fountains of water Suwarrow, who shrunk not from blood, at the head a Russian army, that showed no mercy and knew fear, combined with Austrians bent on revengin their country's wrongs, reversed and redeemed th conquests which Bonaparte had won; and with a tivity and desperate resolution scarcely second to h own, and acting on his system of concentrating hr forces on a single point, as if pouring out a vial· wrath on one spot after another, repelled the French with immense slaughter, from river to river, till the lost every inch of ground which they had formerl gained, and not one republican corps was to be found in Lombardy or Piedmont. The career of Suwarrov along the rivers, and till he reached the fountains o waters, was not less bloody, along them all, from the lake of Garda, and the banks of the Mincio, to the sources, or fountains, of the Po, than that of Bona parte. And the evidence that his course also was marked by a vial of wrath, is too abundant to be effectually condensed in a brief narrative. The fifteenth chapter of the Annual Register for 1799, contains an interesting account of the Italian campaign of Suwarrow, the locality of which was precisely that of Bonaparte's campaigns. The whole chapter is one continued illustration; and even the contents of it may convey to the reader some faint impression of the severity of the judgment, as well as of its perfect appositeness, in place, as well as in character and time, to the third vial. "Situation and force of the French and Austrian armies in Italy, at the beginning of 1799. The French driven with great loss from the left bank of the Adige. Operations of the Austrians on the flanks of the French army. The |