INDEX OF AUTHORS BARRETT, JOHN. Pan-American Possibilities.... BINGHAM, HIRAM. The Probable Effect of the Opening of the Panama Canal on our Economic Relations with the People of the West Coast of South America.. BOYCE, W. D. Advantages of Making the Canal Zone a Free City BRANDON, EDGAR EWING. Higher Education in Latin America.... BROWN, T. MACMILLAN. An Ancient Race Blending Region in the DODGE, PERCIVAL. The Development of Morocco.... 19-29 49-67 68-83 84-97 151-159 FINLEY, JOHN P. The Mohammedan Problem in the Philippines 353–363 GOODALE, WM. W. The Hawaian as an Unskilled Laborer...... 416-437 GRAHAME, LEOPOLD. The Relations of the United States with the LAUFER, BERTHOLD. Some Fundamental Ideas of Chinese Culture 160-174 MONETA, JOSE. Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego...... MONTT, DAVID. The Mind of the Latin-American Nations.. PEZET, FEDERICO A. Contrasts in the Development of Nationality in the Anglo- and Latin-American... QUEZON, MANUEL L. Recent Progress in the Philippines.. SELDEN, LYNDE. Environment and Korea... 481-482 480-481 283220 BLAKESLEE, GEORGE H., Editor. Latin America: Addresses Deliv- 123-124 BOAS, FRANZ. Einfluss von Erblichkeit und Umwelt auf das 339-340 BOYCE, WILLIAM D. United States Colonies and Dependencies.... 482-483 344-345 BROWN, J. MACMILLAN. The Dutch East: Sketches and Pictures. 483 CHAPIN, F. STUART. An Introduction to the Study of Social Evolu- 122 DOWD, JEROME. The Negro Races, a Sociological Study. 341 FISCHER, EUGEN. Die Rehobother Bastards und das Bastardierungs- problem beim Menschen... 336-337 FULLER, SIR BAMPFYLDE. The Empire of India..... 350-351 FURLONG, Charles WellinGTON. The Gateway to the Sahara.. 468-469 his School..... HUAN-CHANG, CHEN. The Economic Principles of Confucius and JONES, GEORGE HEBER. One of Japan's Great Problems. 230 330-335 476 477 338 475-476 The Orient Question, Today and Tomorrow.. 473-474 LOW, SIDNEY. Egypt in Transition.. 477-478 MABIE, HAMILTON WRIGHT. Japan, Today and Tomorrow. 480 344 MECHLIN, JOHN MOFFATT. Democracy and Race Friction. 341-342 MILLER, KELLY. Out of the House of Bondage. 345-346 MITRA, S. M. Anglo-Indian Studies.. 348-350 NANSEN, FRIDJTOF. Through Siberia, the Land of the Future 467-468 PARKER, H. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon.. 472-473 QUILLIN, FRANK U. The Color Line in Ohio... 343-344 REINHEIMER, HERMANN. Evolution by Cooperation. F. H. Han- kins.... 123 RUSSELL, JOHN H. The Free Negro in Virginia... 342-343 STARR, FREDERICK. Liberia: History, Description, Problems.. 345 340 WESTERMARCK, EDWARD. Marriage Ceremonies in Morocco.. 339 478-480 Vol. 5 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT JULY, 1914 No. 1 CONTRASTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALITY IN THE ANGLO- AND LATINAMERICAN By Señor Don Federico A. Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Peru I have chosen as my subject, a question that is most important at this time, when there is a growing tendency to know better and understand the peoples of the LatinAmerican nations; to get closer to them by establishing bonds of friendship through commercial relations based on mutual respect and confidence, as is evidenced by this conference, and by the recent utterances of the President of the United States in his memorable declarations at Mobile. In order to determine properly the relative positions and conditions of the two great groups of individuals that people this American world, north and south of the Rio Grande and Gulf of Mexico, we must first study the contrasts in the development of nationality in these two groups that, for expediency, I shall denominate or class as "Anglo-American," and "Latin-American." No man can truly appreciate another, if he does not know him. No nation can feel friendship towards another if it does not know it. But to know, should imply understanding, without which there can be nothing in common, and understanding is an essential to draw individuals together, and so it is with nations. International relations are necessary, they are cultivated for many reasons, but they do not necessarily mean friendship. Nations, like individuals, live on good terms with their neighbors because it behooves them to do so, but this 1 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 5, No. 1, 1914 does not imply that they are friends, that there is any closer relation between them, other than one of courteous deference towards each other. Such neighbors, whether they be individuals or nations, do not know each other, much less do they understand each other. There is consequently, no true friendship between them; no bond of union. Therefore, if such people wish to become friendly they must begin by knowing each other, becoming acquainted through intercourse and thus, discover their respective traits and characteristics, so that, in course of time, a sentiment of understanding is born, which, being reciprocal, eventually gives way to friendship, and in like manner to amity between nations. Therefore, as a first essential to the study of the subject matter of these remarks, we must place ourselves in a position to perfectly understand the very peculiar conditions of settlement and growth of Latin America, before we can hope to obtain any fair estimate of present day Latin America. These conditions were very different to those that have been found in Anglo America. This is a most important point and one that should be made clear to all who in this nation and elsewhere are trying to know and understand Latin America and its people. When this point becomes apparent to all, then I shall expect to see another attitude towards our people. I contend, that the average Anglo-American does not appreciate us because he invariably wants to measure us by his own standards, regardless of the fact that those standards do not happen to fit our special type of humanity. Physically, we are more or less similar, but in a moral sense, each has special traits of character that mark the peculiar idiosyncrasies in each. Therefore, if we reverse the process and we Latin-Americans measure you AngloAmericans by our standards, we likewise would find you as below par, according to our estimate, which proves my premises, that, firstly, secondly and lastly, we have to thoroughly understand each other, if there is to be any reciprocal appreciation, and it behooves us to be forebearing, generous and accepting the other's idiosyncrasies as absolutely exact traits of character, born with the individual or developed in him through environment. In order to make this point clear I must ask you to consider two things: firstly, the relative conditions at the time of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus: both of the territories that constitute what is known today as the United States of North America, and of those that constitute what is considered as Latin America; secondly, the class and type of white men who became the first settlers in either section of America, (for expediency and clearness, I shall refer to each section, as yours and ours). Well, then, your territory, at the time of the advent of the white man from Europe, was more or less of a virgin territory, inhabited by savage and semisavage nomadic tribes, thinly scattered all over a very vast area. While our territory was to a very great extent organized into states in a measure barbaric but nevertheless semi-civilized, densely populated, and concentrated in a manner to make for cohesion. Mayas, Aztecs and Toltecs, Caras, Chimus, Incas, Aymaras, and Quichuas, and other tribes, less known, over-ran our territory and presented marked contrast with conditions in yours. According as the news of the discovery of the New World invaded the European countries, two types, that were to mold the destinies of the wonderlands beyond the seas, were brought into play; the one formed of the oppressed and persecuted by religious intolerance, the other of the adventurous, soldiers of fortune, in quest of gold and adventures. Both of these started out with set purposes, the oppressed and persecuted came to the New World to build up new homes, free from all the troubles left behind. While the adventurous came, bent on destroying and carrying away everything they could lay their hands on. So here we have the true genesis of the formation of nationality in Angloand Latin-America. In the two great classes, the permanent and the temporary, the one to build up, the other to tear down and destroy. The one came with reverence, the other with defiance. Both with an equally set purpose, but |