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tue than he possesses,—and to denounce against this most prevalent sin the future vengeance of heaven. I am inclined to consider this a very imperfect statement, as so falling very far short of the power and conviction it ought to carry. Instead of denouncing a future contingent vengeance, I see that vengeance to be contemporary with the crime. Instead of a cold delineation of the discord between hypocrisy and just moral feeling, I see the attempt at disguise, in every instance, to fall shamefully short of its own ends. I see that its plot is wise and its hands cunning, but in all its purposes, betwixt the work and the reward, comes in upon the evil doers a dark and strong hand which turns them back with shame upon the way they came. The true statement which I would introduce . . . is that the assumption of a shew of virtue does not and cannot impose on men, and that a successful hypocrisy does not exist, and quiet natures suffer most in the apprehension of pain.

[STRIFE OF THEOLOGIANS]

It has been remarked that notwithstanding the prodigious impression which theological controversies respecting the nature of Jesus Christ have made on human history, and the passions they

1826] CLIMATE AND MANNERS 141

daily excite in men's minds, the real difference between the sentiments of the disputants when rigidly analyzed is very subtle, and is inconsiderable. For the Trinitarian, whilst he names the name of God, is very careful to separate the idea of God. from his account of the life of Jesus Christ, but considers him only in his human nature; considers him as a man. Hence it happens well that, to whatever party names education or inclination has attached us, we sympathize all on the same affecting views of the life and passion of our Lord.

MANNERS

Manners seem to be more closely under the influence of climate. They belong more to the body than the soul, and so come under the influence of the sun; they are accommodations of the motions of the body to moods of the mind. In Lapland, men are savage: in Norway, they are plain-spoken and use no ceremony, in England, some; in France, much; in Spain, more. In like manner, no man has travelled in the United States from the North to the South without observing the change and amelioration of manners. In this city, it is most observable, the use of the conventions of address among the lowest classes, which are coarsely neglected by the labouring

classes at the North. Two negroes recognize each other in the street, though both in rags, and both, it may be, balancing a burden on their heads, with the same graduated advances of salutation that well-bred men who are strangers to each other would use in Boston. They do not part before they have shaken hands and bid good-bye with an inclination of the head. There is a grace and perfection too about these courtesies which could not be imitated by a Northern labourer where he designed to be extremely civil. Indeed I have never seen an awkward Carolinian.

AUTHORS OR BOOKS QUOTED OR REFERRED TO IN JOURNALS OF 1825 AND 1826

Bible;

Homer; Socrates; Plato; Demosthenes; Epi

curus;

Plutarch; Seneca; Juvenal; Marcus Antoninus; Origen;

Machiavelli; Luther; Montaigne;

Bacon; Shakspeare; Ben Jonson, Alchymist;

Milton; Pascal, Pensées; Dryden, Song for St. Cecilia's Day, Absolom and Achitophel; Newton; Burnet; Prideaux; Fontenelle; Leclerc;

1826]

READING

143

Le Saurin; Pope; Butler, Analogy; Voltaire; Johnson, Lives of the Poets; Hume, Essays; Vattel; Rousseau, Émile; Buffon, Natural History; Warton, Essay on Pope; Burke, Speeches; Gibbon, Roman Empire; Eichhorn; Paley, Natural Theology;

Mitford, History of Greece; Herder; Playfair; Dugald Stewart; Jeffrey; Mackintosh; Thomas Brown, Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind;

Napoleon; De Staël, Germany; Scott; Wordsworth, Excursion, Intimations of Immortality, Dion;

Byron, Marino Faliero; Campbell, The Last Man;

Dr. Channing; Edward Everett, Phi Beta Kappa Oration; Webster, Funeral Oration on Adams and Jefferson;

Sampson Reed, Growth of the Mind.

JOURNAL XVIII

1827

[From "XVIII," 2d, Cabot's Q and R, and a Pocket

Note-book]

(From Cabot's R)

CHARLESTON, S. C.
January 4, 1827.

A NEW year has opened its bitter cold eye upon me, here where I sought warm weather. A new year has opened on me and found my best hopes set aside, my projects all suspended. A new year has found me perchance no more fit to live and no more fit to die than the last. But the eye of the mind has at least grown richer in its hoard of observations. It has detected some more of the darkling lines that connect past events to the present, and the present to the future; that run unheeded, uncommented, in a thousand mazes wherever society subsists, and are the moral cords of men by which the Deity is manifested to the vigilant, or, more truly, to the illuminated observer. It does not always

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