lopment, of emptied and broken epithelial cells, of oil-globules of various magnitude, of crystals of stearine, of pigment granules, of granules of albuminous matter, of salts which crystallize on desiccation of the secretion, and of more or less of albuminous fluid mingled with the other constituents, and bestowing, with the oilglobules, softness on the mass. The quantity of the sebaceous matter varies in different individuals, as do its density and apparent composition. In persons who possess an actively secreting skin, the quantity of sebaceous substance is considerable: it is soft, homogeneous, and contains numerous full and empty cells. But in those in whom the skin is torpid the secretion is dense; it consists of masses which are modelled on the hairs contained in the follicles, or on the walls of the tubuli of the glands, and the majority of the cells are flattened and condensed into a membranous structure."-Erasmus Wilson's Account of a Horn developed from the Human Skin, in the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. xxvii.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY. By Mr. J. PURVES, V.S., Hon. E. I. C. Service.

No. 1 OF A SERIES.

CASE OF ULCERATION OF THE STOMACH.

THE animal was admitted for an attack of mange, on the 18th October 1836. He was directed to be placed apart from other horses, and to be dressed with the ordinary tar liniment. 17th. Gave physic. 21st. Dressed again, and gave a mild diuretic, Nov. 12th. Dressed again. Dec. 5th. Still some irritation of the skin remaining; dressed again. This dressing appeared to create great excitement of the system. 14th. The animal reported by the farrier major to be a little off his feed, eating his grass well, but does not eat all his gram. 15th. Much the same. 16th. Feeding worse pulse not at all affected; mouth offensive; tongue furred. B Hyd. submur. 3ss, nit. potas. 3iij, aloes 3j, in a ball. 17th. Pulse quickened and weak; conjunctiva reddened. R Digital. pulv. et ant. tartar. äā 3ss in the morning; drank water during the day, and seems in better spirits, and ate a little grass. In the

evening gave spt. æther. nitrici 3j, and inserted a rowel in the chest : the pulse, does not indicate bleeding; perhaps I should have bled yesterday, but not copiously. 18th. In the morning much the same. Give the fever medicine as yesterday, with spts. æther. nit. 3j. During the day the farrier major reported him to be much better: he had eaten his grass more freely, and drank suttoo water. When I saw him afterwards, about half past four, the appearances were highly unfavourable; the pulse was weaker and quicker; the breathing laboured; the flanks much tucked up; the mouth highly offensive, yet he did not appear at all like a dying horse, for his spirits were good, and he would not allow me to go near him, and he attempted to bite and kick the sycee several times, particularly when he was taking off or putting on his clothing. He was a very irritable and vicious horse at all times, and was, therefore, kept constantly blindfolded. About half past nine, the farrier major reported him to be suddenly taken much worse, and described him as being apparently quite well until just before the hour of nine struck; he had lain down and got up again without difficulty. On my arrival I found he had lain down a second time and could not get up again, although often trying to do so, nor could he be lifted up; the breathing was laborious; the pulse not to be felt; in short, he appeared as if he was dying. I introduced my hand up the rectum, with a view to ascertain in what state his bladder was, and found it full. I pressed it, and a great quantity of urine escaped. There was scarcely any dung in the rectum, and what little there was smelt dreadfully. The animal died just before ten o'clock.

Post-mortem Examination.—Stomach highly diseased; the villous portion ulcerated in five or six different places; the cuticular portion also ulcerated, but apparently of old standing. Some of the ulcers had healed up; but at one part the cuticular lining, with the muscular coat, was completely gone, being ulcerated througŁ, and nothing left but the peritoneal coat, for about an inch and three quarters long by an inch and a quarter broad. I never saw anything like this before. I should think the stomach, in all probability, would have burst had the animal lived. The peritoneum throughout was discoloured and unhealthy; omentum, diseased; spleen a good deal so, and it appeared much discoloured, and tougher than usual; the liver pretty healthy, but the mucous lining of the intestines, particularly that of the larger ones, much

inflamed, and the contents highly offensive; the lungs presented a florid aspect, but the heart was healthy. These lesions would almost warrant the suspicion of some poisonous agent having been administered.

MISCELLANEA.

THE Board of Examiners of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons of England consists of Professor Brande, Bransby Cooper, Robert Liston, and Edward Stanley, Esquires; and Messrs. G. Baker, W. Field, E. Gabriel, W. Goodwin, W. Percivall, and J. Turner, as Veterinary Members.

The following are Members ex-officio:-Messrs. Sewell, Spooner, Simonds, and Morton, of the Royal Veterinary College, and Mr. F. C. Cherry, Principal Veterinary Surgeon to the Army.

For Scotland the following have been elected:-Drs. Knox, Mercer, and M'Gregor, and Mr. Lyon; with Messrs. Lyon, Mather, Tindall, Williamson, and the Veterinary Surgeon of the Regiment stationed at Edinburgh for the time being. Professor Dick is also a Member ex-officio.

NAMES of GENTLEMEN who have obtained their DIPLOMAS from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

February 26, 1845.

Mr. Edward Mayhew, London.

Mr. Edwin Taylor, Bury St. Edmunds.

Mr. R. H. Dyer, Winchester.

March 5, 1845.

Mr. J. T. Lee, London.

Mr. H. Evans, Liverpool.

Mr. Eben. Hutchinson, Bingham.

Mr. Josiah Hutton, Great Yeldham.

DRAY-HORSES IN INDIA.

SIR Alexander Burnes was deputed a few years since to convey five dray-horses to the Maharajah of Lahore, Runjeet Singh, as a present from the King of England. When the horses were shewn

to the natives on entering the territory of Lahore, their surprise was extreme; for they were little elephants, said they, and not horses. Their manes and tails seemed to please, from their resemblance to the hair of the cow of Thibet; and their colour, a dappled grey, was considered a great beauty. It was not without difficulty that I replied to the numerous questions regarding them; for they believed that the presents of the King of England must be extraordinary in every way; and, for the first time, a drayhorse was expected to gallop, canter, and perform all the evolutions of the most agile animal. Their astonishment reached its height when the feet of the horses were examined; and a particular request was made of me to permit the despatch of one of the shoes to Lahore, as it was found to weigh 100 rupees, or as much as the four shoes of a horse in this country. The curiosity was forthwith despatched by express, and accompanied by that minute measurement of each of the animals for Runjeet Singh's special information.

The dray-horses soon rose to dignities such as no dray-horse ever before reached: they were dressed in cloth of gold, and bore an elephant's saddle on their back. Moreover, in the Maharajah's letter of thanks to the King of England, they are spoken of as being" of superior quality, of singular beauty, of alpine form, and elephantine stature." "By the favour of Sri Akal Poorukh Jee" (God), writes the monarch, "there are in my stables valuable and high-bred horses from the different districts of Hindoostan, from Turkistan, and Persia; but none of them will bear comparison with those presented to me by the King, through your Excellency; for these animals, in beauty, stature, and disposition, surpass the horses of every city and every country in the world. On beholding their shoes, the new moon turned pale with envy, and nearly disappeared from the sky. Such horses the eye of the sun has never before beheld in his course through the universe. Unable to bestow upon them in writing the praises that they merit, I am compelled to throw the reins on the neck of the steed of description, and relinquish the pursuit."

Travels in Bokhara, by Lieut. Alexander Burnes, F.R.S.

VOL. I.]

THE

VETERINARY RECORD, &c.

JULY 1845.

[No. 3.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.

By DR. KNOX, F.R.S.E., Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Medicine; Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology, &c. &c.

To the Editors of "THE VETERINARY RECORD."

Dear Sirs,-FROM my earliest years I have taken great interest in Comparative Anatomy; and as the anatomy of the horse, when compared with human structure, offers to the student of physiological science the additional advantage of working with materials of great practical worth, I shall be happy to assist, to the utmost of my ability, in maintaining this close union between science and practice, and with this view beg leave to forward the following brief contributions for "The Veterinary Record," a periodical so ably conducted by you.

Edinburgh, March 1845.

I am, yours, &c.

R. KNOX.

1. SOME REMARKS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE NOSTRILS OF THE

HORSE.

WHOEVER looks with an observing eye at the nostrils of man, or any other highly organized animal, will immediately perceive motions going on synchronously with those of breathing or of respiration. He may perceive, in fact, that the nostrils dilate, expand and open at each inspiration, subsiding at each expiration; that the action or contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles is not more regular nor more constant than the movements of the nostrils; that they are, in truth, synchronous and associated actions; that they are functions tending to one end; means used for one purpose, namely, the ready, uninterrupted,