60. Terrific Scene at the Great Natural Bridge, Va. .Elihu Burritt. 152

63. Golden Rules of David Copperfield

Charles Dickens. 158

66. The Story of Parnell's Hermit....

Warton. 162

68. Passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge. . Thos. Jefferson. 165

70. Windows.

Henry Ward Beecher. 167

71. Recreätion..

Edward Everett. 169

75. Confessions of a Bashful Man..

. Anon. 179

76. Confessions of a Bashful Man-concluded..

181

77. Contrasted Soliloquies ....

.Jane Taylor. 183

78. Contrasted Soliloquies—concluded..

184

80. The Journey of a Day-A Picture of Human Life...Dr. Johnson. 188

81. Indian Summer in New England.

..Joseph Story. 191

84 Mount Vernon in 1759..

Washington Irving. 196

86. Agriculture.....

Edward Everett. 200

87. Agriculture-concluded

204

89. Memory and Hope ...

.James K. Paulding. 208

91. North American Indians..

. Sprague. 215

93. Rural Life in Sweden.

Henry W. Longfellow. 218

95. Children..

.R. H. Dana. 224

97. Judge not

227

98. Judge not-concluded

230

100. The True Dignity of Labor..

William Howitt. 234

102. Escape from a Panther.

.J. Fenimore Cooper. 239

104. A Challenge to America .

.Punch. 245

105. War..

, Robert Hall. 247

106. Battle Fields, or Vultures' Shambles..

.Dr. Johnson. 250

108. The Golden Age of New York.

Washington Irving. 254

109. Lilias Grieve.....

.John Wilson. 258

110. Lilias Grieve-concluded..

262

THE KNIGHT, THE HERMIT, AND THE MAN. T. S. Arthur.

112. The Knight-Part First.

267

113. The Hermit- Part Second.

269

114. The Man-Part Third....

271

115. No life pleasing to God that is not useful to Man..Hawkesworth. 273

116. No life pleasing to God that is not useful to Man-concluded. 275

119. An Interview with a Malay

Thomas De Quincy. 283

120. The Burdens of Mankind

.Joseph Addison. 285

121. The Burdens of Mankind-concluded

288

123. The Morning..

Daniel Webster. 293

124. Flowers.....

Henry Ward Beecher. 295

126. The Sense of Beauty.

William E. Channing. 298

PAGE

128. The Vision of Carazan.

Hawkesworth. 303

131. The Headstone ...

John Wilson. 309

133. Proper Distribution of Time..

..Hugh Blair. 314

135. The Wife ...

Washington Irving. 316

136. The Wife-concluded.

321

138. Address to the Moon..

Ossian. 326

139. Exercise of the Fan.

.Joseph Addison. 326

140. Anon....

Punch. 329

141. The Nature of True Eloquence .

Daniel Webster. 331

143. Feelings excited by a Long Voyage .. Washington Irving. 333

144. Feelings excited by a Long Voyage-concluded..

336

146. Crime its own Detecter....

Daniel Webster. 340

151. The History of Prince Arthur.

.Charles Dickens. 352

153. The White Stone Canoe

.H. R. Schoolcraft. 358

155. Queen Isabella of Spain..

William II. Prescott. 362

157. Character of Henry Clay.

William H. Seward. 366

159. The Wreck of the Arctic.

.Henry Ward Beecher. 371

161. Sorrow for the Dead......

Washington Irving. 374

163. Promises of Religion to the Young

Archibald Alison. 377

165. Death of Little Nell

Charles Dickens. 380

170. Discovery of America

. Edward Everett. 393

173. The Decay of Nature and of Man.

. Archibald Alison. 399

174. The Decay of Nature and of Man-concluded..

401

184. Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua.

.E. Kellogg. 421

II. PIECES IN VERSE.

2. The Awakening Year

4. The Notes of the Birds

8. The Boy

11. The Last Leaf.

13. Life ....

14. The Two Boys.

15. We were Boys together..

19. Clear the Way...

22. Scenes of Childhood.

25. Our Native Ships

28. My Mother's Bible.

30. The Stormy Petrel

31. The Falcon

32. The Skylark..

36. The Son of Sorrow

T. Buchanan Read. 48

. Isaac McLellan, Jr. 52

.N. P. Willis. 60
.Oliver Wendell Holmes. 65

. Robert Southey. 68
.L. Elizabeth Maclean. 68
.. George P. Morris. 69

Charles Mackay. 76
. Blackwood's Magazine. 83

.J. T. Fields. 87
. George P. Morris. 93
.Park Benjamin. 97
B. W. Procter. 98

James Hogg. 100
From the Swedish. 109

PAGS

38. The Old Arm-chair .

. Eliza Cook. 112

41. The Worth of Hours

.R. M. Milne. 117

43. The Country Church..

T. Buchanan Read. 120

45. Epitaph on a Candle

Punch. 125

47. True Freedom, and How to Gain it.. ..Charles Mackay. 128

54. Look Aloft

.Jonathan Lawrence. 143

56. Love of Country and of Home..

.James Montgomery. 146

58. Woodman, spare that Tree..

. George P. Morris. 149

61. The Sailor's Song...

.B. W. Procter. 156

62. The Landsman's Song.

.B. W. Procter. 157

64. Cruelty to Animals

William Cowper. 160

65. Sensibility

. Hannah Moore. 161

67. To a Waterfowl

a

William Cullen Bryant. 164

69. Perpetual Adoration

Thomas Moore. 166

74. Seasons of Prayer...

Henry Ware, Jr. 176

79. The Days that are Gone...

..Charles Mackay. 186

82. A Parental Ode to my Infant Son

Thomas Hood. 193

85. The Revolutionary War..

.T. Buchanan Read. 198

88. Memory ....

Willis Gaylord Clark. 207

90. Hiawatha's Canoe-building.

Henry W. Longfellow. 212

92. They are Passing Away

..R. M. Carlton. 217

94. Life and Death ....

From the German of Rückert. 221

96. The Votary of Pleasure

..Charles H. Lyon. 226

99. The Laborer

William D. Gallaher. 233

101. Labor...

Osgood. 237

103. Spring

. Thomas Hood. 244

107. The Watcher on the Tower..

.Charles Mackay. 252

111. The Hermit....

.James Beattie. 266

117. Address to the Deity.

. Mrs. Barbauld. 278

118. The Universal Prayer....

. Alexander Pope. 281

122. The Old Clock on the Stairs .

Henry W. Longfellow. 291

125. The Death of the Flowers..

William Cullen Bryant. 297

127. The Arab's Farewell to his Steed..

Mrs. Norton. 300

129. Friendship.

.Mrs. Norton. 307

130. Forgive and Forget..

M. F. Tupper. 307

132. The Brothers

.Charles Sprague. 313

134. To-morrow.

Mrs. Anne Hunter. 316

137. The Family Meeting...

. Charles Sprague. 324

142. Arnold Winkelried....

.James Montgomery. 332

145. Lines to a Child on his Yoyage to France.... Christian Disciple. 338

147. The Greek Emigrant's Song...

..James G. Percival. 342

a

PAGA

152. The Dream...

William C. Bryant. 356

154. Where is the Spirit-land ?.

. Mrs. Hemans. 361

156. Belshazzar..

.B. W. Procter. 365

158. Tauler.....

John G. Whittier. 368

160. Life..

Bowring. 373

162. Passing Awuy..

Miss M. J. Jewsbury. 376

164. The Pure in Heart shall Meet Again

William Leggett. 379

166. The Alpine Sheep...

Maria Lowell. 384

167. The Sleep...

. Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 385

169. The Traveler

..Charles Sprague. 391

171. The Flight of Years..

George D. Prentice. 394

172. The Flight of Years—concluded.

397

175. The Death of Adam, ...

James Montgomery. 403

176. The Glove and the Lions

.Leigh Hunt. 406

178. The Wonderful “One-Hoss-Shay."

.0. W. Holmes. 410

180. Apostrophe to Sleep ...

. Shakspeare. 417

181. A Poet's Parting Thought.

. Motherwell. 418

182. The Pauper's Death-bed.

Caroline Bowles Southey. 419

183. Warren's Address....

. Rev. John Pierpont. 420

185. The Charge of the Light Brigade

Alfred Tennyson. 424

186. Ring out, wild Bells !

. Alfred Tennyson. 426

187. The Two Armies

..0. W. Holmes. 427

188. The Death of the Old Year...

Alfred Tennyson. 428

189. The Closing Scene

.T. Buchanan Read. 430

III. DIALOGUES.
33. A Morning Conversation

Miss Edgeworth. 100
72. The Study of History.

Ruhnken. 170
73. The Study of History-concluded

173
83. The Miser...

Henry Fielding. 194
148. From the Tragedy of King John.

. Shakspeare. 344
149. From the Tragedy of King John-continued

346
150. From the Tragedy of King John-concluded.

350
168. A Sister Pleading for a Condemned Brother Shakspeare. 387
177. Scenes from the Comedy of “ Money.".. Edward Bulwer Lytton. 407
179. Scene from “ The Poor Gentleman."

...Colman. 413
THE

NATIONAL FOURTH READER.

PART I.

ELOCUTION.
ELOCUTION is the delivery of extemporaneous or written
composition. Its more general divisions are ARTICULA-
TION, SYLLABICATION, ACCENT, EMPHASIS, INFLECTION, MOD-
ULATION, and PAUSES.

SECTION I.--ARTICULATION.

DEFINITIONS.

1. ARTICULATION is the distinct utterance of the Oral

Elements, in syllables and words.

2. ORAL ELEMENTS are the sounds that, uttered sepa-

rately or in combination, form syllables and words.

3. ELEMENTS ARE PRODUCED by different positions of

the organs of speech, in connection with the voice and

the breath.

4. THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF SPEECH are the lips, teeth,

tongue, and palate.

5. VOICE IS PRODUCED by the action of the breath upon

the larynx.

6. ELEMENTS ARE DIVIDED into three classes: eighteen
Tonics, fifteen Subtonics, and ten Atonics.

7. Tonics are pure tones produced by the voice, with
but slight use of the organs of speech.

8. SUBTONICS are tones produced by the voice, modified
by the organs of speech.