Sibthorp-the highest critical authority—his work embodied by Sir J. E. Smith in Prodromus Flora Græce and Flora Graca. In the 5th century the Nestorians established their schools of Medicine among the Arabs (Dr. Royle, Ch. Knight's Cycl. of Biog.).

HARTLIB, SAMUEL (p. xv of Introduction). Sir Ernest Clarke, in his Cambridge Lectures on "The History of Agriculture" (1897-9), has proved that the work published by Samuel Hartlib in 1651, under the title of "Legacy of Husbandry," was written entirely (except 3 pp.) by Robert Child of Corpus College, Cambridge.

185. HERRERA, GABRIEL ALONSO, a native of Talavera, Spain's great Agronome and Agricultural writer, called the New Columella, flourished 2nd half of 15th and beginning of 16th century. Professor at the University of Salamanca, he published, under patronage of Cardinal Cisneros, Obra de Agricultura Copilada de Diversos Autores, fol., Alcala, 1513 (black letter). Twenty-eight imperfect editions followed till the Sociedad Económica Matritense restored the text in their

Agricultura General Corregida y Adicionada, 4 vols. 4to., Madrid, 1818. (Knight's Cycl. of Biog.)

128. HESYCHIUS, Grammarian of Alexandria, c. 4th century A.D. (most learned of all ancient critics (Casaubon); author of Greek Lexicon; possibly a Christian. Eds. Alberti and Ruhnken, 2 vols., fol. Lug. Bat. 1746-66; Schmidt Supplem. 1857-64 (Sax. Onom., I., p. 464; Fabr. B. Gr. 4 c. 37).

129. DE L'OBEL (LOBELIUS), MATTHIAS, b. at Lille 1538; studied Medicine under Rondeletius at Montpellier; practised at Antwerp and Delft; physician to Statthalter, William of Orange, after whose death in 1584 he settled for life in England, which he had probably visited already. His Patron

was Lord Zouch, wnose Gardens at Hackney he superintended, and whom he accompanied in 1598 when Ambassador to Copenhagen. James I. made him Royal Botanist. Died 1616, aged 78, at Highgate (see Meyer, iv., and Rd. Pulteney's Sketches of History of Botany). Works:

1. Stirpium Adversaria nova, in collaboration with Petrus Pena, Lond. 1570, 4to, dedicated to Queen Elizabeth; other editions 1571 and 1572; then enlarged at Antwerp, Christ. Plantin, 1576, folio; 6 editions at Leyden, Frankfurt and London before 1651.

2. Dilucidæ Simplicium Medicamentorum Explicationes et Stirpium, &c. Lond. 1605. Fol

3. Plantarum Sex Stirpium Historia. Antwerp, Ch. Plantin, 1576. Fol.

4 Kruydtboeck. Antwerp, Plantin, 1581. Fol. Part I., 1619, Woodcuts. Part II.

5. Stirpium Illustrationes (left unfinished by Lobel. Parkinson used part of it, without permission). Edited by Wm. How, London, 1655. 4to.

144. MAIMONIDES (Moses Ben Maimon Ben Joseph), b Cordova, c. 1131-9. Arab and Jewish Physician and Philosopher, Theologian and Expounder of Law. In 15th cent. his books, translated from Arab. and Hebrew, widely read in Latin: "Guide of Erring," Compendium of Logic; Commenty. on Mishna, and Expɔsn. of 613 Laws of Moses. Translated Avicenna's Canon into Hebrew; wrote in prose Hebrew Mishne.Thora, or lad Chasaka The Work-a complete system in 982 chapters of the Talmudic Judaism. d. 1201-9, buried in Palestine.

MATTIOLI, PIERANDRE (Petrus Andreas Matthiolus), b. at Siena 1501. Physician at Court of Ferdinand I. His Herbal (in interests of Medicine rather than Botany) is a Com

mentary on Dioscorides; first Italian edition 1544 (Venice); Latin 1554, with Woodcuts; 1562, Bohemian and German (Prague), translated by Georg Handsch (with larger illustra tions). French translation, by Antoine du Pinet (Lyons: Gabr. Cotier, 2nd edn. 1566). Opera Matthioli, by Caspar Bauhin. Basle, 1598. Fol. His Commentary went through more than 60 editions. d. 1577. (Tiraboschi and Meyer, iv.) 98. PORTA, GIAMBATTISTA, b. at Naples, c. 1539. 155%, his (1) Magia Naturalis appeared. English translation, London, 1658, fol., quoted without acknowledgment by Bacon. Friend of Cardinal Luigi d'Este; founded an Academia de' Segretti in his house at Naples. Pope Paul V. summoned him to Rome, and suppressed his Academy. He was the creature of the Doctrine of Signatures in scientific form; he leant too much to the secret, mysterious, superstitious side of things. d. 1615. (Meyer iv., 438–444.)

2. De Furtivis Literarum Notis, vulgo de Ziferis.

3.

De Distillatione. Rome, 1608.

4. De Aeris Transmutationibus, libri quatuor. Naples, 1609.

5. Phytognomica

...contenta (on plants, animals, metals). Naples, 1588. Fcl. Woodcuts, De humana physiognomia (anticipation of Lavater).

6. Villæ, libri xii, Frankfurt, 1592. 4to. Naples, 1583. 4to.

7. Pomarium (imperfect).

190, 245. RAPINUS, RENATUS (Rene Rapin). A French Jesuit Father, Latin Poet, Critic and Theologian. b. 1621 at Tours, d. 1687. His Hortorum Libri iv. (Paris, 1665, 4to.)-reprinted, with improvements, 1666, 12mo., and edited by Brotier (1780, 12mo.)—was twice translated into English verse, by John Evelyn, Jr., London 1673, 8vo., and

by James Gardiner, Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 8vo., 1706, Cambridge.

142. Largus, ScRIBONIUS, physician in age of Augustus and Tiberius; wrote de Compositione Medicamentorum liber jam pridem Io. Ruellii opera e tenebris erutus, &c. Basilia apud Andream Cratandrum, 1529. 8vo. (Brunet, Meyer iv., p. 251 (Ruellius).)

xvi (Introduction). The full title of Swift's "Battle of the Books" is, "An Account of a Battel Between the Antient and Modern Books in St. James's Library."