CONTENTS to Vol. VI. BOOK XVI. continued. CHAPTER II. SECT. I. The four victorious princes divide the empire of Alexander the Great into as many kingdoms. Seleucus builds feveral cities. Athens fhuts her gates against Demetrius. He reconciles himself with Seleucus, and afterwards with Ptolemy. The death of Caffander. The firft actions of Pyrrhus. Athens taken by Demetrius. He lefes all be poffeffed almost at the fame time Page 1 II. "Dispute between the two fons of Caffander for the crown of Macedonia. Demetrius being invited to the affiftance of Alexander, finds means to deftroy him, and is proclaimed king of the Macedonians. He makes great preparations for the conqueft of Afia. A powerful confederacy is formed against him. Pyrrhus and Lyfimachus deprive him of Macedonia, and divide it between themselves. Pyrrhus is foon obliged to quit thofe territories. Sad end of Demetrius, who dies in prison 10. III: Ptolemy Soter refigns his kingdom to his fon Ptolemy Philadelphus. The tower of Pharos built. The image of Serapis conveyed to Alexandria. The celebrated library founded in that city, with an academy of learned men. Demetrius Phalereus prefides over both 20 25 IV. The magnificent folemnity at the inauguration of Ptolemy Philadelphus king of Egypt CV. The commencement of the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus. The death of Demetrius Phalereus. Seleucus refigns his queen and part of his empire to his fon Antiochus. The war between Seleucus and Lyfimachus; the latter of whom is flain in a battle. Seleucus is affafinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus, on whom he had conferred a multitude of obligations. The two fons of Arfinoe are murdered by their brother Ceraunus, who alfo banishes that princess. Ceraunus is foon punished for A 2 those thofe crimes by the flain in a battle. temple of Delphos. irruption of the Gauls, by whom he is The attempt of that people against the Antigonus eftablishes himself in Macedo nia. 36 SECT. VI. Ptolemy Philadelphus causes the books of the holy fcripture, preferved by the Jews with the utmost care, to be tranflated into the Greek language, as an ornament to his library. This is called the Verfion of the Septuagint. 50 VII. The various expeditions of Pyrrhus: firft, into Italy; where he fights two battles with the Romans. The character and conduct of Cineas. Secondly, into Sicily, and then into Italy again. His third engagement with the Romans, wherein he is defeated. His expedition into Macedonia, of which he makes himself mafter for fome time, after he had overthrown Antigonus. His expedition into Peloponnefus. He forms the fiege of Sparta, but without fuccefs. Is flain at that of Argos. The deputation from Philadelphus to the Romans, and from the Romans to Philadelphus VIII. Athens besieged and taken by Antigonus. punishment inflicted on Sotades, a fatyrick poet. The revolt of Magus from Philadelphus. The death of Philàteres, founder of the kingdom of Pergamus. The death of Antiochus Soter. He is fucceeded by his fon Antiochus, furnamed Theos. The wife measures taken by Ptolemy for the improvement of commerce. An accommodation effected between Magus and Philadelphus. The death of the former. The war between Antiochus and Ptolemy. The revolt of the East against Antiochus. Peace restored between the two kings. The death of Ptolemy Philadelphus IX. Character and qualities of Ptolemy Philadelphus CHAPTER II. 53 The just SECT. I. Antiochus Theos is poisoned by his queen Laodice, who caufes Seleucus Callinicus to be declared king. She alfo deftroys Berenice and her fon. Ptolemy Evergetes avenges their deaths by that of Laodice, and feixes part of Afia. Antiochus Hierax, and Seleucus his brother, unite against Ptolemy. The death of Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia. He is fucceeded by his fon Demetrius. The war between the two brothers, Antiochus and Seleucus. The death of Eumenes, king of Pergamus. Attalus fucceeds him. The establishment of the Parthian empire by Arfaces. Antiochus is flain by robbers. Seleucus is taken prifoner by the Parthians. Creait of Jofeph, the nephew of Onias, with Ptolemy. Ptolemy. The death of Demetrius, king of Macedonia. Antiochus feizes the throne of that prince. The death of Seleucus SECT. II. The establishment of the republick of the Achæans. 103. Aratus delivers Sicyon from tyranny. The character of that young Grecian. He is enabled, by the liberalities of Ptolemy Evergetes, to extinguish a fedition ready to break out in Sicyon. Takes Corinth from Antigonus, king of Macedonia. Prevails on the cities of Megara, Trazene, Epidaurus, and Megalopolis, to accede to the Achaean league, but is not fo fuccessful with respect to Argos 115 III. Agis, king of Sparta, attempts to reform the state, and endeavours to revive the ancient inftitutions of Lycurgus; in which he partly fucceeds: but finds an entire change in Sparta,. at his return from a campaign in which he had joined Aratus against the Etolians. He is at laft condemned to die, and executed accordingly. IV. Cleomenes afcends the throne of Sparta, and engages in a war against the Achæans, over whom he obtains feveral' advantages. He reforms the government of Sparta, and' re-establishes the ancient difcipline. Acquires new advantages over Aratus and the Achæans. Aratus applies for Succour to Antigonus, king of Macedonia, by whofe aid the Achæans obtain repeated victories, and take several places from the enemy 132. 147 V. The celebrated battle of Selafia, wherein Antigonus defeats Cleomenes, who retires into Egypt. Antigonus makes himself mafter of Sparta, and treats that city with great humanity. The death of that prince, who is fucceeded by Philip, the fon of Demetrius. The death of Ptolemy Evergetes, to whofe throne Ptolemy Philopator fucceeds. A great earthquake at Rhodes. The noble generosity of those princes and cities who contributed to the reparation of the lofjes the Rhodians had fuftained by that calamity. The fate of the famous Coloffus 164 SECT. I. Ptolemy Philopator reigns in Egypt. The short reign of Seleucus Ceraunus. He is fucceeded by his brother Antiochus, furnamed the GREAT. Achæus's fidelity to him. Hermias his chief minister, first removes Epigenes, the ableft of of all his generals, and afterwards puts him to death. An tiochus fubdues the rebels in the Eaft. He rids himself of Hermias. He attempts to recover Calofyria from Ptolem Philopator, and pofesses himself of the strongest cities in it. After a fhort truce, a war breaks out again in Syria. Battle of Raphia, in which Antiochus is entirely defeated. The anger and revenge of Philopator against the Jews, for refufing to let him enter the fanctuary. Antiochus concludes a peace with Ptolemy. He turns his arms against Achæus, who had rebelled. He at laft feizes him treacherously, and puts him to death 174 SECT. II. The Etolians declare against the Achæans. Battle of Caphia loft by Aratus. The Achæans address Philip, who undertakes their defence. Troubles break out in Lacedæmonia. The unhappy death of Cleomenes in Egypt. Two kings are elected in Lacedæmonia. That republick joins with the Etolians 195 2 2 III. Various expeditions of Philip against the enemies of the Achæans. Apelles his prime minifler abufes his confidence in an extraordinary manner. Philip makes an inroad into Etolia. Therme taken at the firft affault. Exceffes of Philip's foldiers in that city. Prudent retreat of that prince. Tumults in the camp. Punishment of those who had occafioned them. Inroad of Philip into Laconia. The confpirators form new cabals. Punishment inflicted on them. A peace is propofed betweeen Philip and the Achæans on one fide, and the Etolians on the other, which at last is concluded IV. Philip concludes a treaty with Hannibal. The Romans gain a confiderable victory over him in Apollonia. He changes his conduct. His breach of faith and irregularities. He caufes Aratus to be poisoned. The Etolians conclude an alliance with the Romans. Attalus king of Pergamus, and the Lacedæmonians accede to it. Machanidas ufurps a tyrannical power at Sparta. Various expeditions of Philip and Sulpitius the Roman prætor, in one of which Philopamen fignalizes himself 224 235 244 V. Education and great qualities of Philopamen VI. Various expeditions of Philip and Sulpitius. A digref fion of Polybius upon fignals made by fire VII. Philopamen gains a famous victory near Mantinea over Machanidas, tyrant of Sparta. The high regard paid to that general. Nabis fucceeds Machanidas. Some inftances of his avarice and cruelty. A general peace concluded between Philip and the Romans, in which the allies on both fides are included 255 SECT. SECT. VIII. 'The glorious expeditions of Antiochus into Media Parthia, Hyrcania, and as far as India. At his return to Antioch, he receives advice of Ptolemy Philopator's death SECT. I. Ptolemy Epiphanes fucceeds Philopator his father in the kingdom of Egypt. Antiochus and Philip enter into an alliance to invade his dominions. The Romans become guar- dians of the young king. Antiochus fubdues Palestine and Calofyria. The war of Philip against the Athenians, At- talus, and the Rhodians. He befieges Abydos. The un- happy fate of that city. The Romans declare war against Philip. Sulpitius the conful is fent into Macedonia II. Expeditions of the conful Sulpitius in Macedonia. The Etolians wait for the event, in order to declare themselves. ́ Philip lofes a battle. Villius fucceeds Sulpitius. No con- fiderable tranfaction happens during his government. Fla- mininus fucceeds him. Antiochus recovers Calofyria, of which he had been difpoffeffed by Ariftomenes the prime mi- nifter of Egypt. Various expeditions of the conful into Pho- III. Flamininus is continued in the command as proconful. He has a fruitless interview with Philip about concluding a peace. The Etolians, and Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, de- clare for the Romans. Sickness and death of Attalus. Fla- mininus defeats Philip in a battle near Scotuffa and Cynofce- phale in Theffaly. A peace concluded with Philip, which puts an end to the Macedonian war. The extraordinary joy of the Greeks at the Ifthmian games, when advice is brought that they are reftored to their ancient liberty by the Romans 298 IV. Complaints being made, and fufpicions arifing concerning Antiochus, the Romans fend an embasy to him, which has no other effect, but to difpofe both parties for an open rupture. A confpiracy is formed by Scopas the Etolian against Pto- 5 |