Know any thing by myself know any thing against myself, 1 Cor. 4. 4.
Sat at meat

sat at table, Mat. 9. 10.

Learned Terms.-In the following list of learned terms retained in the common version, it is readily admitted that several may be specified which through ìong use have become both familiar and intelligible, and that in regard to others it would be difficult to express their meaning well, without a tedious or clumsy circumlocution. But a simple diction is more accordant with the general style of the version, which is remarkable for its use of pure English words in preference to those of Roman origin. Thus the translators almost invariably adopt keep back for suppress; call upon for invoke; bow down for incline; lift up for exalt; stretch out for extend; put out for extinguish; cry out for exclaim; put away for divorce; put asunder for separate; cut off for reject ; let go for dismiss, &c. We cite the following instances therefore, rather as exceptions to the general practice of the translators.

Want of uniformity in Proper Names.-Our translators have, in many instances, rendered from the Greek, Hebrew names with Greek terminations; and those names, thus Græcized, they have given in our translation without, if we may so say, Hebraizing them again; insomuch that it is not to be doubted, that many unlearned readers are ignorant that some of the persons spoken of by one name in the New Testament, are the same with those spoken of by another in the Old Testament. The following are examples.

Where a word ends in iah, it is peculiarly wrong thus to transform it, because in nearly every case those names have a reference to Jah or Jehovah and are compounded with it, as are those that end in el with Elohim, God.-Upon the same principles of simplicity, uniformity, and information, the words Thomas Didymus, Lucas, Marcus, and Timotheus, would be more intelligible to a common English reader, and tend more to the identifying of the persons spoken of, if they were translated Thomas the Twin, Mark, Luke, and Timothy.

Various Peculiarities.

For the sake of the English reader it may be well to group together, in tabular form, a few supplementary items tending to illustrate several points which are less obvious in a version, but which are still important to the intelligent study of the Scriptures.

Hebraisms.-The Hebrew language is distinguished for the use of certain nouns which in connection with other words, form an idiomatical expression and acquire a sense that could not be collected from the known meaning of the separate terms. Of these the most remarkable are by Baal, son, and man, which in their various connections express the relations of possession, dominion, addictedness, &c. in a manner which will best be gathered from the following examples.

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Soul put for Person.

Ps. 106. 15. he sent leanness into their soul. (i. e. into them.)

Job, 16. 4. if your soul were in my soul's stead. (i. e. if you were in my stead.

Prov. 25. 25. to a thirsty soul. (i. e. to a thirsty person.)

Roni. 13. 1. let every soul be subject. (i. e. every person.)

Acts, 2. 31. his soul was not left in hades. (i. e. he was not left.)

Mat. 12. 18. in whom my soul is well-pleased. (i. e. in whom I am well-pleased.)
Heb. 10. 38. my soul shall have no pleasure. (i. e. I shall have no pleasure.)
Gen. 19. 20. and my soul shall live. (i. e. and I shall live.)

The Vulgate joins Psalms 9 and 10, and divides Psalm 147 into two.

Psalms 42 and 43 were originally one, as appears from the structure, and from seven manuscripts.-See Kennicott, and others.

Joel, 2. 28, &c. ought to begin a new section or chapter.

Nahum, 1. 15, ought to begin chapter 2.

Job, 40. 1-14, ought to come in after chapter 42. 6.

Micah, 5. 1, belongs to chapter 4.-Verse 2, properly begins the chapter.

Plurals not noticed in the Common Version.

Gen. 20. 3. the Gods made me wander.
Ex. 32. 4. these are thy Gods, O Israel.

Eccl. 12. 1. remember thy Creators.

Gen. 35. 7. Gods appeared unto him.

Ps. 49. 2. let Israel rejoice in his Makers.

Peculiar use of the numbers Ten and Seven.

Gen. 31. 41, changed my wages ten times; i. e. many times.

1 Sam. 1. 8, better to thee than ten sons; i. e. many sons.

Lev. 26, 26, ten women shall bake your bread in one oven; i. e. many women.

Zech. 8. 23.

ten men shall take hold of him that is a Jew; i. e many men.
the barren hath borne seven; i. e. many (children.)

1 Sam. 2. 5.

Lev. 26. 24. will punish you yet seven times for your sins; i. e. many times.

Ps. 12. 6. as silver purified seven times; i. e. many times, very thoroughly.

Ps. 119. 164. seven times a day do I praise thee; i. e. many times.

Prov. 26. 16. the sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than seven men that can render a reason; 1. e. than many men.

Italics.

It has sometimes been objected to our received version that it is encumbered with a load of awkward and useless Italics. Words and phrases printed in this character, it is well known, are introduced for the purpose of making out a complete sense in our language, where the expression in the original is elliptical, or where the idioms of the two languages are so different, that a literal translation would leave the writer's meaning obscure or unintelligible. The first object of the translators undoubtedly was to express in intelligible English what they believed to be the full signification of a sentence; and their next object appears to have been to point out, by the mode of printing, such supplementary words as had been required for the complete developement of the sense. In some cases indeed the elliptical form of the original would not be attended with any great uncertainty as to the writer's meaning; and yet as different modes of supplying the ellipses, giving different shades of meaning, may be adopted, it seems desirable even in such cases, that the words actually supplied should be designated. In other cases, the elliptical form is productive of so much obscurity, that scholars will entertain different opinions as to the mode in which the ellipsis should be supplied. Under such circumstances, therefore, it would seem to be obvious that in translating a work of such vast moment to mankind as the Oracles of Truth, whatever is thus added for the fuller explication of the meaning of the original ought to have some mark by which it may be distinguished from the rest. It was with this view that our translators had recourse to the expedient of Italics. But although the principle on which they proceeded in adopting this character is obvious, yet it was perhaps hardly to be expected that it should never have been departed from, in the actual execution of so large a work as the Bible; and nothing is more evident than that it was departed from, in a great multitude of instances, in the first and several subsequent editions. Whether it were that the demand for the new translation was so urgent that it was hurried through the press in an imperfect state of preparation, or whether it were owing to the want of entire concert in carrying out the original plan, certain it is, that the early editions were disfigured by the grossest inconsistencies in respect to the use of the Roman and the Italic character. In the following couplets of cases, adduced as a specimen, the expressions in the original are either identically the same, or so essentially analogous as to require a uniform mode of typography.

Mark, 14. 1, After two days was the feast of the Passover.

Mat. 26. 2, Ye know that after two days is the feast of the Passover.

1 Tim. 4. 9, This is a faithful saying.

Mat. 7. 14, Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way.

Rom. 9. 4, The service of God, and the promises. (right.)

Heb. 9.9, Accomplishing the service of God. (wrong.)