this stage, to whomsoever it may be due, can hardly have any other effect than to delay the meeting of the Congress upon which alone such hopes of peace as may still remain must depend.
We rejoice to see on every side the growing conviction that the first duty of England is to labour for peace, and that in labouring for peace she must keep her eye steadily fixed, not only on the acts and motives of the hour, but upon that heavy mass of grievance, that long course of aggression and misgovernment in the Italian peninsula, which alone have made such acts and motives possible. Peace itself is not a blessing when we purchase it upon conditions which from their very nature accumulate the materials of future indeed but fiercer and more profound convulsion. The great Italian reckoning grows from year to year more entangled, more difficult of settlement. Let Europe have peace by all means upon any terms that will mitigate the sharpness and lessen the mass of human suffering; upon any terms except such as basely sell the birthright of the future for the mess of pottage that is to feed only the hunger of to-day. May Heaven prosper the efforts which we believe that our Foreign Minister is making for peace in the sense we have described, but may Heaven also forbid that if he fail he should set the seal of the approval or the silence of England on that shameful policy, which has so long inflicted on the Italian people the doom of mingled oppression and dishonour!
As far as it is possible to forecast the attitude of parties at the opening of a conflict now too probable, it seems plain that the neutrality of England will in all likelihood 'be matter not of prudence only, but of the very highest moral obligation. The relief of Italy is an honourable end, but it must not be sought by unholy means, such as would be countenance given to schemes, in whatever quarter, of selfish and reckless ambition. The power of Austria is vital to the equilibrium of Europe: but we must not be parties to defending for the sake of that power the acts and maxims by which she has been the means of inflicting beyond the Alps such woes on mankind. If we cannot assist Louis Napoleon without the fear of promoting piracy, so neither can we help Austria without the certainty of becoming the tools of tyranny. Our task should be to keep our moral and material force entire and unimpaired, to stand wholly clear of any selfish interest, to urge on this side and on that the claims of reason and justice, to concentrate as far as may be independent European opinion in the same sense, and to abide the opportunities which time may place at our command.
We could wish that our internal condition were more entirely favourable to the attainment of these great ends; but we are Vol. 105.-No. 210.
unhappily saddled, in this agony of the fate of Europe, with the discussion of a domestic question of organic change. To guide us through the mazes of this question, we have not the adyan- tages of the landmarks which are supplied either by glaring public evils, or by pronounced popular desire. The early stages as yet attempted towards a settlement have not been happily or safely accomplished. We began with a bill which caused a convulsion in the Cabinet, and deprived Lord Derby of the assistance of two of his most valuable colleagues. We had next a Resolution, which was supported and carried by statesmen irreconcilably at variance among themselves as to its purpose and effect. Defeat on this Resolution is now followed by an appeal from the Parliament to the country. We believe that Lord Malmesbury will continue to address himself to the dis- charge of his duties with an enlightened impartiality, and in the temper which befits the representative of his country. But the main strength of every English minister lies in the con- fidence of the Sovereign and of the nation as represented by the Parliament. It is probable that those weeks, during which no Parliament will exist, may be critical and even decisive. This is against us, and is against the peace of Europe. All we can hope is that, by virtue of his own good sense and good feeling, and with the able assistance that he will have at his command, Lord Mal- mesbury will confine this evil within the narrowest bounds he may, by taking care, whether from his desk in Downing Street, or when he assumes, his seat at the still shadowy Congress, to own no allegiance to any cause less worthy than the cause of Peace founded upon Justice, and to speak in those manly and simple tones which are not and cannot be disowned by any party recog- nised among us, or by any ministry formed out of any combina- tion, because they are the faithful echo of the sentiments cherished by the whole people of England.
Although domestic affairs have been in a great degree cast into the shade by the prospect of a tremendous European conflict, it is not the less certain that the new Parliament will be required to pronounce upon the question of Reform. It is now that the country must decide between democratic change and Conservative moderation. A more momentous, a more vital subject, could not be submitted to the electors of this kingdom, and we trust that no one will forget that upon the result of the contest depends the future Constitution of England.
HUNDRED AND FIFTH VOLUME OF THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
Bankruptcy laws, alterations in, 523. Berlin, the gallery of paintings at, 352. Bible, the chronology of the, 382-on
the laws determining historical evi- dence, ib. Sir G. C. Lewis and Mr. Grote on the true method, 383-Mr. Bunsen's work on Egypt, 384-ob- ject of, 385-his authorities, ib.- value of Egyptian registers, 387- Manetho's history, 388-curious mix- ture of history and mythic narrative, 389 n.-Makrizi, 390-the works of Eratosthenes, 391-Julius Africanus, 393-Eusebius and Syncellus, ib.- theory of contemporary dynasties, 394 Manetho's dynasties, 395 errors of Mr. Bunsen, 396-his arbi- trary corrections of authorities, 398
unsatisfactory treatment of the middle period of the Egyptian mo- narchy, 399-the Shepherd kings, 400-credulity and scepticism, 401- Scriptural chronology, ib. chrono- logical systems of ancient nations, 402-value of contemporary monu- ments, 404-on Mr. Bunsen's data for reconstructing chronology, 406- pyramids of Gizeh, 408-Mr. Bun- Vol. 105.-No. 210.
sen's arbitrary method of dealing, 410 arrangement of periods to which kings belong, 412-Mr. Bunsen's scheme of Bible chronology, 415- date of the Exodus, 416.
Boswell's Life of Johnson, 176; and see Johnson.
Bread-Book, The English, by Eliza Acton, 233.
Bread, on the manufacture of, 238- improvement in, 234-adulteration, ib.-early history of wheat, 236- variety of, 238 experiment with grass, ib. hybrids, 240-principal kinds of wheat, 241-their character, 242-structure of the wheat-grain, ib.-flour dressings, 243 compo- sition of flour, ib. bread, 246-
lightening,' ib.-ferment, 247-pre- paring the dough, ib.-yeast, 248- fermentation, 250-water, 252-use of alum, 253-lime-water, ib.-the baking, 254.
British Museum, the, state of confusion in, 372.
Brougham, Lord, on the character of George III., 465.
Brougham, Lord, Acts and Bills of, by Sir J. E. Wilmot, 504-early Parlia- mentary career of, 505-on law reform, 506-state of our laws, ib.- advantages of a digest, 507-codifi cation considered, 509 Lord J. Russell's views, 510-American 1. forms, 512-Lord Brougham's Acts, 513-Prisoners' Counsel Bill, 515- Lord Eldon's opposition, 516-Lord Brougham's speech on law reform in 1828, 517 becomes chancellor, 518
Sydney Smith's eulogium on, 519 -criminal law digest, 520-general heads of his measures, 521-libel and slander, ib.-chancery, ib.real pro- perty, 522-criminal law and bank- ruptcy, 528-law of evidence, ib.- courts established since 1828, ib.-
county courts, 524-other law re- formers, 525-Lord Lyndhurst, ib. Buckle, Mr., sketch of George III., by,
Bunsen, C. C. J., Egypt's Place in Universal History, by, 382; and see Bible chronology.
Carbonari, the, in Italy, 113. Carlyle, Thos., History of Frederick the Great, by, 275-faults of style, 276, 301-on historical writing, 279—on the origin of the Hohenzollerns, 280 -Sigismund, super grammaticam, ib. --repetition of slight circumstances, 281-reflections on the Réformation, ib.-peculiarities of Frederick Wil- liam, 283-arrangement of the work, 301 Mr. Carlyle and Macaulay compared, 303-essence of his phi- losophy, 304.
Catholic emancipation, 98. Central Criminal Court, establishment of, 524.
Chatham, Lord, general character of, 469 his conduct towards George III., b.-influence of, 473. Cholera in Rome, the, 128. Consular service, report from the select committee on, 74-complaints and proposed improvements, ib.-position of the British consul, 75-origin of 'consul,' 77-their duties, 78-dimi- nution of importance in France, 80 -English consular jurisdiction, 81 -consuls in China, 82 - in the Levant, ib.-expenditure of establish- ments, 84-insufficiency of salaries, 85-popularity of the institution, 87 -compensation, 88-payment of fees,
Cornwallis, the Marquis of, corre- spondence of, 1-remarkable career of, ib.-Mr. Ross, 2-anecdotes, 3- pedigree of Cornwallis family, 4- Lord Brome, ib.-joins the army, 5 -succeeds to the earldom, 6-em- barks for America, ib.-command of the army, 7-his position and sur- render, 9 his eagerness for the emoluments of office, ib.-mission to Frederick the Great, 11-appoint- ment in India, ib.-campaign against Tippoo Saib, 14-storming of Serin- gapatam, 15-Indian reforms, 17- administration of justice, 18-return to England, 19-appointed Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, 20-state of
Ireland, 22-the rebellion, 24-the Union, 28 characteristics of the Irish, 29-suggestions for discussing the Union, 31-duels, 32-debate on the Union, 34-the price of, 36- freedom of speech, 38-Grattan, 39 -exertions of the anti-unionists, 42 -the passing of the Act, 43-Lord Cornwallis resigns the viceroyalty, 44-his general character, ib. County courts, establishment of, 524. Criminal law, reforms in, 523.
Dartmoor Forest, a Perambulation of, by Rev. S. Rowe, 422-426, 460. Devonshire-roughness and independ- ence of the inhabitants, 422-causes of, 423-harbours, 425-histories of, ib.-early history of, 426-Dartmoor, 427-'parallelitha,' ib.-Roman con- quest of, 428-ancient remains, 429 -legends, 430-the Saxon rule, 432
-Christianity in, ib.-St. Boniface, 433-Coplestone Cross, ib.-distinct type of races in, 434-superstition, ib. -Dartmoor, 435-pixies, 436-wish- hounds, 437-Norman remains, 438 -monuments, 440-brasses, 441- Church property, 442-Buckfast Ab- bey, ib.-Tavistock Abbey, 443. Buckland, 444-Plympton Priory, 445-state of churches, ib.-Exeter Cathedral, 446-materials used, 447 -situation, 448-spirit of adventure in, 450-Sir F. Drake, 451-Raleigh, ib.-the Armada, 453-Charles I., 455-Fairfax, 456-William III. at Torbay, 457-worthies of, 458- poets, 459-Carrington, ib.-Dart- moor, 460-scenery, 461-dialect, ib. —agriculture, 462.
Debates in Parliament, length of, 34. Drama, the, 47; and see Shakespeare. Dresden, the gallery of paintings at,
Drummond, H., a Letter to Mr. Bright by, 255.
Duelling in Ireland, 32,
Dyce, Rev. Wm., the Works of Shake- speare edited by, 45-59.
Eastlake, Sir C., 341, 357; and see Na tional Gallery.
Egypt's Place in Universal History, by C. C. J. Bunsen, 382; and see Bible Chronology.
Eratosthenes, on the works of, 391. Evidence, alteration in the law of, 528. Exeter Cathedral, 446.
Florence, gallery of paintings at, 347. Flour, the dressing of, 243-its com- position, ib.; and see Bread. Foreign affairs, 527; and see Italy. Fox, C. J., the Life and Times of, by Lord J. Russell, 463; and see George III.
France, on the position of, in the Italian war, 533-536.
Frederick the Great of Prussia, History
of, by T. Carlyle, 275-peculiarities of Frederick William, 282-his con- tempt for learning, 284—his amuse- ments, ib. veracity, 285-the Tabagre, 287-early life of Frederick the Great, ib-programme for daily instruc- tion, 288-growing dislike of father and son, 289-the double marriage project, ib. Seckendorf's mission, 290 -visit to Dresden, 291-conduct of Frederick William to his children, 292-Sir C. Hotham's mission, 293- the Crown Prince's attempt at escape, 295-his imprisonment, 296-court- martial and execution of Katte, 297 -marriage of the Princess Wilhel- mina, 300-the release of the Prince, ib.
Galton, F., the Art of Travel, by, 155. Gentleman's Magazine, the, 178; and see Johnson. Germany, the drama in, 52.
George III. and Charles James Fox, 463 on the antagonism of George III. and Fox, 464—general character of the King, ib.-alleged hostility of the King to men of liberal opinions, 467-Lord Chatham, 468-conduct towards the King, 469-notes to Lord North, 468-hatred towards Fox, 474-resignation of Lord North, ib. -causes for the dislike to Fox, 476— family virtues of the King, 477- Royal Marriage Act, 478-affection for his children, 480-profligacy of the Prince of Wales, 481-conduct of Fox, ib.-feeling of the King towards Fox, 482-friendships and attachments of the King, 484-per- sonal relations with his subjects, 485 -responsible government considered, ib.-charges of dissimulation, 487-
Italy, on the present position of affairs in, 527-prospects of war in, 528- probable effects of, on France, ib.- on Piedmont, ib.-on England, 529 -popularity of Austria, 530 - her policy, b.-Louis Napoleon, 581– on the position of France in the pre- sent war, 533-her occupation of Rome, 534-position of affairs be- tween Austria and Italy, 537-Count Buol's despatch, 538-conduct to- wards Italy, 539-Austrian occupa- tion of Italy, 541-Lombardy and Venice, 544-causes operating to the prejudice of Austria, 545-taxation, 546-its consequences, 548-Austrian rule in, 550-Sardinia, 552-Peace conference, 553-general summary, 555-Austrian difficulties, 556-the Papal States, 557-Tuscany, 558- Lombardy, ib.-suggested remedies, 559-Austrian requirements, 561- position of England, 563.
Johnson, Life and Writings of, 176- contributions to the Gentleman's. Magazine,' 178-Parliamentary De- bates, 179-intimacy with Savage,. 181-his Life of, 182-supposed par- ticipation in the Rebellion, 183-the 'Vision of Theodore,' b.- Vanity of Human Wishes,' 184- Irene,' 185
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