long tusks in the lower jaw: the visage is long and flesh-colored, with flesh-colored ears, and a flattish nose. Inhabits India. This is a very illnatured animal, about the size of a cat: it was lately in the possession of a Mr. Brook, an animal merchant and exhibiter in London: the upper parts of the body are covered with a pale tawny colored fur, which is ash-colored at the roots; the hinder part of the back is orange-colored, the legs ash-colored, the belly white, and the tail shorter than the body.

10. S. cercop. hamadryas, the Tartarin, or dog-faced baboon of Pennant, with a long, thick, and strong nose, covered with a smooth red skin; ears pointed and hid in the hair; head great, and flat; hair on the head, and fore-part of the body as far as the waist, very long and shaggy; gray and olive brindled; the sides of the head very full, the hair on the limbs and hind part of the body very short; limbs strong and thick; hands and feet dusky; the nails on the fore feet flat; those on the hind like a dog's; buttocks very bare and covered with a skin of a bloody color; tail scarcely the length of the body, and carried generally erect. They inhabit the hottest parts of Africa and Asia; where they keep in vast troops, and are very fierce and dangerous. They rob gardens. They will run up trees when passengers go by, shake the boughs at them with great fury, and chatter very loud. They are excessively impudent, indecent, lascivious; most detestable animals in their manners as well as appearance. They range the woods in hundreds; which obliges the owners of the coffee plantations to be continually on their guard against their depredations. One of them was shown in London some years ago: it came from Mokha, in the province of Yeman, in Arabia Felix, in the Persian Gulph; and was about five feet high. It was very fierce and untameable; so strong as easily to master its keeper, a stout young man. Its inclinations to women appeared in the most violent manner. A footman, who brought a girl to see it, in order to teaze the animal, kissed and hugged her: the beast, enraged at being so tantalised, caught hold of a quart pewter pot, which he threw with such force and so sure an aim, that, had not the man's hat and wig softened the blow, his skull must have been fractured; but he fortunately escaped with a common broken head.

11. S. cercop. mona, the monina of Buffon and Kerr, has a prominent, semilunar, whitishgray arch, over each eye; and is gray bearded. This is the most common species of the monkeys, and agrees best with the climate of Europe. It has cheek-pouches and callosities on the buttocks; is about eighteen inches long from the muzzle to the rump; the tail is two feet; the head small and round; the face a bright tawny brown; the muzzle is thick and short; the cheeks are surrounded with a beard of white, yellow, and black hairs; on the head a mixture of yellow and black, with a gray band over the fore-head, and a black band from the eyes to the ears, shoulders, and arms: the hair on the body is reddish-black; the belly and inside of the thighs whitish; the outsides of the legs and feet are black; the tail grayish-brown with two white

spots on the rump. This species inhabit Morocco, Barbary, Persia, Arabia, and other places in Asia.

12. S. cercop. nemæus, the douc, has a beard on the cheeks, and a white tail; is from three feet and a half to four feet high, but Pennant says he is as tall as a man. The skin of the face and ears is almost scarlet; with a dark brown band on the fore-head; the shoulders and upper parts of the arms, thighs, and toes, are black. It walks as often on two feet as on four. This species inhabit Cochin-China, and Madagascar.

13. S. cercop. nictitans, the nodding monkey, is of a black color, mottled with paler spots, and has a white nose; the thumbs are very short; the buttocks covered, and the chin is beardless. There is, however, a variety with a beard. They are about two feet and a half high, and inhabit Guinea. They are playful animals, and nod frequently with their heads; whence the name.

14. S. cercop. petauristus, the agile monkey, is a gentle docile animal, inhabiting Guinea, about thirteen inches long, from the muzzle to the rump, and having a tail nearly twenty inches. It has a beard; the back, upper part of the tail, and outer sides of the legs are of a very dark blackish-olive color, and the face is black except a triangular white spot on the nose.

15. S. cercop. regalis, the king monkey, or full-bottom monkey, is above three feet high when erect the head is small, with a short, black, naked face; and the head, cheeks, throat, neck, and shoulders, are covered with long, coarse, flowing hairs, of a dirty-yellowish color, mixed with black, and resembling a full-bottomed wig; the body, arms, and legs, are covered with short hairs of a fine glossy black color; the hands are naked and have no thumbs; the feet have five very long slender toes, which are armed with narrow pointed claws; the tail is very long, and is covered with snow white hairs, having a tuft at the end; the body and limbs are very slender. Its skin is held in high estimation by the negroes for making pouches and guncases. They inhabit the forests of Sierra Leona.

16. S. cercop. ruber, the patas, or red monkey, has a beard on the cheeks; the top of the head, back, and tail, are of a blood-red color; and in some of a brilliant red. There are other two varieties; the one with a black band over the eyes, and a yellow beard; the other with a white band, and a white beard. They all inhabit Senegal, Congo, and other hot parts of Africa. They have cheek-pouches, and callosities on the buttocks. They are from eighteen to twentyfour inches long, from muzzle to rump; the tail about twenty-six inches. The females menstruate.

17. S. cercop. sabæus, the green monkey, has a black and flattish face: the side of it bounded by long white hairs, falling backwards, and almost covering the ears, which are black, and like the human: head, limbs, and whole upper part of the body and tail covered with soft hair, of a yellowish-green color at their ends, cinereous at their roots: under side of the body and tail, and inner side of the limbs, of a silvery color: tail

very long and slender. They are of the size of a small cat; inhabit different parts of Africa: keep in great flocks, and live in the woods: are scarcely discernible when among the leaves, except by their breaking the boughs with their gambols: in which they are very agile and silent: even when shot at, they do not make the least noise: but will unite in company, knit their brows, and gnash their teeth, as if they meant to attack the enemy: they are very common in the Cape de Verd Islands. The females

menstruate.

18. S. cercop. silenus albibarbatus, the whitebearded black wanderu, the ouanderou of Buffon, and lion-tailed baboon of Pennant, has a dog-like face, is naked, and of a dusky color; a very large and full white or hoary beard; large canine teeth; body covered with black hair; belly of a light color; tail terminated with a tuft of hair like that of a lion. Its bulk that of a middling sized dog. It inhabits the East Indies and the hotter parts of Africa.

19. S. cercop. silenus purpuratus, the purplefaced monkey, has a great triangular white beard, short and pointed at the bottom, and on each side of the ears, extending in a winged fashion far beyond them; face and hands purple, body black. They inhabit Ceylon; are very harmless; live in the woods, and feed on leaves and buds of trees; and when taken soon become tame.

20. S. cercop. sinicus, the rillow or Chinese bonnet, has a long smooth nose, of a whitish color; hair on the crown of the head long, lying flat, and parted like that of a man; color, a pale cinereous brown. They inhabit Ceylon; keep in great troops; and rob gardens of their fruit, and fields of their corn; to prevent which the natives are obliged to watch the whole day; yet these animals are so bold, that, when driven from one end of the field, they will immediately enter at the other, and carry off with them as much as their mouths and arms can hold. Bosman, speaking of the thefts of the monkeys of Guinea, says that they will take in each paw one or two stalks of millet, as many under their arms, and two or three in their mouth; and, thus laden, hop away on their hind legs; but, if pursued, they fling away all, except what is in their mouths, that it may not impede their flight. They are very nice in the choice of the millet; examine every stalk; and, if they do not like it, fling it away; so that this delicacy does more harm to the fields than their thievery.

21. S. cercop. talaponius, the talapoin, is a native of India; about a foot long from nose to rump, and has a tail nearly eighteen inches long. It has cheek-pouches, with a beard on the chin and cheeks, and callosities on the buttocks; it is a beautiful figure, of a brownish-green color; with the tip of the nose, ears, and soles of the feet black. The species are gentle and playful. There is a variety which differs only in being all black.

22. S. cercop. veter, the lowando, has a long tail and is bearded; the body and limbs are white; the beard black. This animal has all the characters of a baboon in figure and dispositions. It is so wild and ferocious that it must be kept in an iron cage. It is from three feet to

three feet and a half high; the tail is eight inches long; it has cheek-pouches, and callosities on the buttocks; its tusks are larger and longer than in man; the muzzle is thick and strong; the head is environed with a broad mane and a large black beard; it both walks erect and on all fours. In the woods, where they are in a state of liberty, they are exceedingly wild; and, being violently fond of women, a woman would have no chance of resistance, if meeting one of them alone. The females menstruate. Dr. Kerr enumerates several other species and varieties of cercopitheci, but their history is uncertain and unimportant.

23. S. inuus, the maggot, or Barbary ape, has a long face, not unlike that of a dog; canine teeth, long and strong; ears like the human; nails flat; buttocks bare; color of the upper part of the body adirty greenish-brown; belly of a dull pale yellow; grows to above four feet in length. They inhabit many parts of India, Arabia, and all parts of Africa, except Egypt. A few are found on the hill of Gibraltar, which breed there; probably from a pair that had escaped from the town, as they are not found in any other part of Spain. They are very ill-natured, mischievous, and fierce; agreeing with the character of the ancient cynocephalia. They are very common in exhibitions. By discipline they are made to play some tricks; otherwise they are more dull than the rest of this genus. They assemble in great troops in the fields of India, and will attack women going to market, and take their provisions from them. The females carry the young in their arms, and will leap from tree to tree with them. Apes were worshipped in India, and had magnificent temples erected to them. When the Portuguese plundered one in Ceylon, they found in a little golden casket the tooth of an ape; a relic held by the natives in such veneration that they offered 700,000 ducats to redeem it, but in vain; for it was burnt by the viceroy, to stop the progress of idolatry.

24. i. S. lar, the great gibbon, or long-armed ape, has a flat swarthy face, surrounded with grey hairs; hair on the body black and rough; buttocks bare; nails on the hands flat; on the feet long; arms of a most disproportionate length, reaching quite to the ground when the animal is erect, its natural posture. They inhabit India, Malacca, and the Molucca isles; are mild and gentle; grow to the height of four feet, sometimes as tall as a man. The great black ape of Mangsi, in China, seems to be of this kind. 'This species,' says Mr. Kerr, 'is impatient of cold and rain; and approaches nearer to the manners of mankind than even the orang-outang, being more inclined to the erect posture.' The female has the catamema.

24. ii. S. lar argentea, the silvery gibbon, is a variety resembling the great gibbon, except in color, and it is more elegantly shaped. The body and arms are covered with silvery hairs; the face, ears, crown of the head, and hands are black. It is three feet high when erect. They inhabit the forests of Devat in Bengal. Lord Clive brought home one of them. They are good natured and frolicksome.

24. iii. S. lar minor, the lesser gibbon, resem

bles the great gibbon, but is much less, being only about a foot and a half high; the body and face are of a brown color. They inhabit Malacca.

III. S. papiones, baboons. These have short tails; a long face; a broad high muzzle; longish dog-like tusks, or canine teeth; and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are only found in the old world, and are the papiones and xvvoκεφαλα of the ancients.

25. S. papio apedia, the little baboon, has a roundish head, with a projecting muzzle, and roundish naked ears; the hair on the body is yellow, tipt with black; the face is brown, and almost naked, having only a few scattered hairs; the nails are all compressed and oblong, except on the thumbs and great toes, the nails of which resemble man; the tail is very short, being hardly an inch long; the body is about the size of a cat. It is uncertain, says Gmelin, if this animal should be considered as a distinct species, or only as a variety of the simia sciurea.

26. S. papio cinerea, the cinereous baboon, is about two feet high, and has a dusky face with a pale brown beard; the body and limbs are of a cinereous brown; and the crown of the head is mottled with yellow.-Pennant.

27. S. papio cristata, the crested baboon, has very long and dishevelled hair on the head and cheeks. It is about two feet high, and the tail seven inches, taper and slender; the body and limbs are covered with long black hair; the breast is whitish; the face, hands, and feet, are naked and black. They inhabit Africa.

28. S. papio livea, the blue-faced baboon, has a pale brown beard, a bluish face, and two very broad, flat, fore-teeth. It is about three feet high; has long hairs over its eyes, and a tuft behind each ear.

29. S. papio maimon, the mandril, or ribbed nose baboon, has a short tail, and a thin beard on the chin; the cheeks are blue and striped, and the buttocks are naked. This species is found on the Gold coast, and in other southern provinces of Africa, where he is called boggo by the negroes, and mandril by the Europeans. Next to the orang-outang, he is the largest of all the apes or baboons. Smith relates that he had a present of a female mandril, which was only six months old, and that it was as large as an adult baboon. He adds that these mandrils walk always on two feet; that they weep and groan like men; that they have a violent passion for women, which they never fail to gratify when they find a woman at a distance from relief.

30. S. papio mormon, the mantegar, or man tiger, commonly called the tufted ape; but it is improperly named an ape, as it has a tail. It is described in the Philos. Trans. Abr. No. 290. It had a nose and head fourteen inches in length; the nose of a deep red, face blue, both naked; black eye-brows; ears like the human; on the top of the head a long upright tuft of hair; on the chin another; two long tusks in the upper jaw; fore feet exactly resembling hands, and the nails on the fingers flat; the fore part of the body, and the inside of the legs and arms naked; the outside covered with mottled brown and olive hair. Length, from the nose to the rump, three

feet two inches. It was very fierce and falacious; went on all fours, but would sit up on its rump, and support itself with a stick; in this attitude, it would hold a cup in its hand, and drink out of it. Its food was fruits.

31. S. papio nemestrina, the maimon, or pigtailed baboon, with a pointed face, which is naked, of a swarthy redness; two sharp canine teeth; ears like the human; hair on the limbs and body brown, inclining to ash-color, palest on the belly; fingers black; nails long and flat; thumbs on the hind feet very long, connected to the nearest toe by a broad membrane; tail four inches long, slender, exactly like a pig's, and almost naked; the bare spaces on the rump red, and but small; length, from head to tail, twenty-two inches. They inhabit the isles of Sumatra and Japan, and are very docile. In Japan they are taught several tricks, and carried about the country by mountebanks. Kempfer was informed by one of these people that the baboon he had was 102 years old. Mr. Kerr says, it has check pouches, callosities on the buttocks, and a naked curled up tail, five or six inches long. The male organs are concealed under the skin. When erect it is from two to two and a-half feet high. The female menstruates. This is a vivacious, gentle, tractable, and even caressing animal, without any of the immodesty of most baboons.

32. S. papio platypygos, the brown baboon, has pointed ears; face of a dirty white; nose large and broad; hairs round the face short and straight; color of the upper part of the body brown; of the under ash-color; a tail about four inches long; taper and almost bare of hair; beneath quite naked. Mr. Pennant refers the new baboon, described in his first edition, to this species.

33. S. papia porcaria, the hoggish baboon, has a short tail, and colored buttocks; the head is like that of a hog, with a naked snout; the body is of an olive brown color, the nails are sharp and compressed. Inhabits Africa, and is about three feet and a-half high when standing erect. This probably is the same animal with the hogfaced ape, adopted from Pennant.

34. S. papio sphinx, the great baboon, with hazel irides; ears small and naked; face canine, and very thick; middle of the face and forehead naked; and of a bright vermilion color; tip of the nose of the same, and ending truncated like that of a hog; sides of the nose broadly ribbed, and of a fine violet hue; the opening of the mouth very small; cheeks, throat, and goat-like beard, yellow; hair on the fore-head very long, turns back, is black, and forms a kind of pointed crest. Head, arms, and legs, covered with short hair, yellow and black intermixed; the breast with long whitish-yellow hairs, the shoulders with long brown hair. Nails flat; feet and hands black; tail four inches long, and very hairy; buttocks bare, red, and filthy; but the space about them is of a most elegant purple color, which reaches to the inside of the upper part of the thighs. This was described by Mr. Pennant from a stuffed specimen in Sir Ashton Lever's museum. In August 1779 a live animal of this species was shown at Edinburgh, and in October

following at Chester, where, being seen by Mr. Pennant, that inquisitive naturalist has described it in his History of Quadrupeds. It differed little,' he observes, in color from the above, being in general much darker. Eyes much sunk in the head and small. On the internal side of each ear was a white line, pointing upwards. The hair on the fore-head turned up like a toupee. Feet black; in other respects resembled the former. In this I had an opportunity of examining the teeth. The cutting teeth were like those of the rest of the genus; but, in the upper and lower jaw, were two canine, or rather tusks, nearly three inches long, and exceedingly sharp and pointed. This animal was five feet high, of a most tremendous strength in all its parts; was excessively fierce, libidinous, and strong.' Mr. Kerr confirms this account, and adds that they are very apt to offer violence to women. Mr. Schreber says, that this species lives on succulent fruits and on nuts; is very fond of eggs, and will put eight at once into its pouches, and, taking them out one by one, break them at the end, and swallow the yolk and white; rejects all flesh meat, unless it be dressed; would drink quantities of wine or brandy; was less agile than other baboons; very cleanly: for it would fling its excrements out of its hut. That which was shown at Chester was particularly fond of cheese. Its voice was a kind of roar, not unlike that of a lion, but low and somewhat inward. It went upon all fours, and never stood on its hind-legs unless forced by the keeper; but would frequently sit on its rump in a crouching manner, and drop its arms before the belly. They inhabit the hotter parts of Africa.

35. S. papio sylvatica, or, as Mr. Kerr has it, sylvicola, the wood baboon; has a long doglike face, covered with a small glossy black skin; hands and feet naked, and black like the face; hair on all parts long, elegantly mottled with black and tawny; nails white: is about three feet high when erect; tail not three inches, and very hairy on the upper top. Inhabits Guinea, where it is called by the English the man of the woods.

36. S. papio variegata, the yellow baboon, is of a bright yellow color, variegated with black. It strongly resembles the wood baboon, except in size, and in having hairy hands. The face is long, black, and naked; the ears are hid in the fur. It is two feet high.

The

IV. S. sagoini, sagoins; these have long tails, which are proportionally longer than those of the sapajous, straight, flaccid, entirely covered with hair, and not prehensile; that is, incapable of laying hold of any object: the cheeks have no pouches; and the buttocks, which are covered with hair, have no callosities, the partition between the nostrils is very thick, and the apertures are placed on the sides of the nose. females do not menstruate. This race of animals is only found in America. There are six species. 37. S. sagoinus argenteus, or argentatus, the mico, or fair monkey, with a small round head; face and ears of the most lively vermilion color; body covered with most beautiful long hairs of a bright and silvery whiteness, of matchless elegance tail of a shining dark chestnut: head

and body eight inches long, tail twelve. They inhabit the banks of the Amazons; and were discovered by M. de Condamine.

38. i. S. sagoinus jacchus, the sanglin, or striated monkey, with a very round head; about the ears two very long full tufts of white hairs standing out on each side; irides reddish; face a swarthy flesh color; ears like the human ; head black; body ash-colored, reddish, and dusky; the last forms striated bars across the body; tail full of hair, annulated with ash-color and black; body seven inches long; tail nearly eleven; hands and feet covered with short hairs; fingers like those of a squirrel; nails, or rather claws, sharp. They inhabit Brasil; feed on vegetables; will also eat fish ; make a weak noise; are very restless, and are often brought over to Europe.

38. ii. S. sagoinus Jacchus moschatus, the yellowish sanglin, is a variety of a whitish yellow color, smelling strongly of musk. It also inhabits Brasil.

39. S. sagoinus Midas, the tamarin, or greateared monkey, with a round head, swarthy, fleshcolored, naked face; upper lip a little divided; ears very large, erect, naked, and almost square; hair on the forehead upright and long; on the body soft, but shaggy; the head, whole body, and upper part of the limbs, black, except the lower part of the back, which is tinged with yellow; hands and feet covered with orange-colored hairs, very fine and smooth; nails long and crooked; tail black, and twice the length of the body; teeth very white. It is of the size of a squirrel. It inhabits the hotter parts of South America, and the isle of Gorgona, South of Pana ma, in the South Sea.

40. S. sagoinus cepidus, the pinche, or redtailed monkey, is beardless; has a flowing head of hair, which hangs down on each side; a red tail and sharp claws. It has neither cheekpouches nor callosities on the buttocks. His tail is not prehensile, and is more than twice the length of the head and body. The partition of the nostrils is thick, and the apertures are placed at a side. The face, throat, and ears, are black; on the head are long white hairs. The muzzle is broad, and the face round. The hair on the body is pretty long; of a yellowish-brown, or reddish color till near the tail, where it becomes orange; on the breast, belly, hands, and feet, it is white, and shorter than on the body. The tail, from the origin to one-half of its length, is a vivid red, then brownish-red, and toward the point it is black. He is about nine inches long, and walks on four feet. The females are not subject to the menstrual evacuation.

41. S. sagoinus pithecia, the saki, or fox-tailed monkey, with a swarthy face, covered with short white down; forehead and sides of the face with whitish and pretty long hair; body with long dusky brown hairs, white or yellowish at their tips; hair on the tail very long and bushy; sometimes black, sometimes reddish; belly and lower part of the limbs a reddish white; length from nose to tail nearly a foot and a half; tail longer, and like that of a fox; hands and feet black, with claws instead of nails. They inhabit Guiana.

42. S. sagoinus rosalius, the marikina, or silky monkey, is beardless; has a very hairy head; the circumference of the face and the feet are red; and the claws are sharp and narrow. A brisk animal, less impatient of cold than the rest of this race; the body is of a yellowish white color; the nails on the thumbs and great toes are rounded; the ears are naked, but are hidden beneath the fur. It has a round head and a brown face, which is surrounded with a kind of mane of a bright red color; the hair on the body and tail is long, silky, and of a pale but vivid yellow color, almost white, with a considerable tuft at the extremity of the tail. It walks on four feet, and is eight or nine inches long, from the muzzle to the rump; and the tail is above thirteen inches long. This species has the same manners and vivacity with the other sagoins, but is more robust in constitution, as an individual lived five or six years in Paris, being kept in a warm room during winter. They inhabit South America.

V. S. sapaji, sapajous, have no cheek-pouches, but long prehensile tails, which, at the extremity, are generally deprived of hair on the under side, and covered with a smooth skin; this part they can fold, extend, curl up, and unfold at pleasure; by which they are enabled to hang upon branches, or to lay hold of any thing which is beyond the reach of their hands, using the extremity of the tail like a finger; the partition between the nostrils is very thick; and the apertures are situated on the sides of the nose; the buttocks are clothed with hair, and have no callosities; the females of this subgenus do not menstruate; and this race of animals is only to be found in America. This subdivision of the genus is made with great propriety by Dr. Gmelin, after the count de Buffon.

43. S. sapajus apella, the brown sapajou, has a long sub-prehensile tail, and no beard; the body is brown; the legs black, and the buttocks hairy. It is a lively active animal; constantly looking about on all sides; bears cold well; its cry resembles that of a young turkey; the circumference of its face appears as if shaved.

44. S. sapajus beelzebub, the guariba, or preacher monkey, has black shining eyes; short round ears; and a round beard under the chin and throat. The hairs on the body are of a shining black, long, yet lie so close on each other that the animal appears quite smooth; the feet and end of the tail are brown; the tail is very long, and always twisted at the end. They are of the size of a fox; inhabit the woods of Brasil and Guiana in vast numbers, and make a most dreadful howling. Sometimes one mounts on a higher branch, the rest seat themselves beneath; the first begins as if it was to harangue, and sets up so loud and sharp a howl as may be heard at a vast way, and a person at a distance would think that a hundred joined in the cry; after a certain space, he gives a signal with his hand, when the whole assembly join in chorus; but on another signal are silent, and the orator finishes his address. This is related by Marcgrave, a writer of credit, from his own knowledge, having long resided in Brasil. Their clamor is the most disagreeable and tremendous that can be

conceived; owing to a hollow and hard bone placed in the throat, which the English call the throttle-bone. These monkeys are very fierce, untameable, and bite dreadfully. There is a variety of a ferruginous or reddish bay color, which the Indians call the king of the monkeys; it is large, and as noisy as the former. The natives eat, and are fond of this species, as well as several other sorts of monkeys. Europeans will also eat it, especially in those parts of America where food is scarce; but, in doing so, they become a kind of cannibals.

45. S. sapajus capucinus, the sai, or weeper, with a round and flat face, of a reddish brown color, very deformed; the hair on the head and upper part of the body black, tinged with brown; beneath and on the limbs tinged with red; tail black, and much longer than the head and body; the young excessively deformed; their hair very long, and thinly dispersed. In the British Museum are specimens of old and young. M. de Buffon had a variety with a white throat. They inhabit Surinam and Brasil; appear as if always weeping; are of a melancholy disposition; but ready to imitate what they see done. These probably are the monkeys Dampier saw in the bay of All Saints, which he says are very ugly, and smell strongly of musk. They keep in large companies; and make a great chattering, especially in stormy weather; reside much on a species of tree which bears a podded fruit, which they feed on.

46. S. sapajus exquima, the exquima of Congo, is of the same size with the quato (No. 48), and has a prehensile tale, but differs in the color, and in having a beard. It is of a variegated black and yellow color on the back; the throat and belly are white. They inhabit Guinea, Congo, &c.

47. S. sapajus fatuellas, the horned sapajou, has two tufts of hair on the head, resembling little horns; and is beardless. The face, sides, belly, and fore parts of the thighs are brown; the top of the head, middle of the back, tail, legs, and posterior parts of the thighs, are black; the nails are long, and rather blunt; the tail is prehensile, and twisted spirally. Perhaps of the same species with the simia appella or capuchin (Gm.). They inhabit South America.

48. S. sapajus paniscus, the quato, or fourfingered monkey, has a long flat face, of a swarthy flesh color; the eyes are sunk in the head; ears like the human; limbs of a great length, and uncommonly slender; the hair is black, long, and rough. There are only four fingers on the hands, being quite destitute of a thumb; five toes on the feet. The tail is long, and naked below, near the end. The body is slender, about a foot and a half long; the tail nearly two feet, and so prehensile as to serve every purpose of a hand. They inhabit the neighbourhood of Carthagena, Guiana, Brasil, and Peru; associate in vast herds ; and are scarcely ever seen on the ground. Dampier describes their gambols in a lively manner: There was,' says he, a great company dancing from tree to tree over my head, chattering, and making a terrible noise, and a great many grim faces and antic gestures; some broke down dry sticks and flung