Dryden.

Slow to resolve, but in performance quick; So true, that he was awkward at a trick; For little souls on little shifts rely. The most beautiful parts must be the most finished, the colours and words most chosen; many things in both, which are not deserving of this care, must be shifted off, content with vulgar expressions.

Dryden's Dufresnoy. Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to shift as well as they can. L'Estrange.

Nature instructs every creature to shift for themselves in cases of danger.

Id.

A fashionable hypocrisy shall be called good manners, so we make a shift somewhat to legitimate

the abuse.

Id.

If the ideas of our minds constantly change and shift, in a continual succession, it would be impossible for a man to think long of any one thing.

Locke.

Struggle and contrive as you will, and lay your taxes as you please, the traders will shift it off from

their own gain.

Id.

Here you see your commission; this is your duty, these are your discouragements: never seek for shifts and evasions from worldly afflictions: this is your reward, if you perform it; this your doom if you decline it.

South.

Those little animals provide themselves with wheat; but they can make shift without it.

Addison.

Vegetables being fixed to the same place, and so not able to shift and seek out after proper matter for their increment, it was necessary that it should be brought to them. Woodward.

By various illusions of the devil they are prevailed on to shift off the duties, and neglect the conditions, on which salvation is promised. Rogers's Sermons.

For the poor shiftless irrationals, it is a prodigious act of the great Creator's indulgence, that they are all ready furnished with such clothing.

Derham's Physico Theology. Since we desire no recompense nor thanks, we ought to be dismissed, and have leave to shift for Swift.

ourselves.

Id.

Come, assist me, muse obedient, Let us try some new expedient; Shift the scene for half an hour, Time and place are in thy power. This perfect artifice and accuracy might have been omitted, and yet they have made shift to move up and down in the water.

More's Antidote against Atheism. She begs you just would turn you while she shifts.

Young. Our herbals are sufficiently stored with plants, and we have made a tolerable shift to reduce them to classes.

Baker.

Then shifting his side (as a lawyer knows how), He pleaded again in behalf of the Eyes:

But what were his arguments few people know, For the court did not think they were equally wise. Cowper.

SHIFTERS, on board a man of war, are certain men who are employed by the cooks to shift and change the water in which the flesh or fish is put, and laid for some time, in order to fit it for the kettle.

SHIFTING OF PLANTS, in horticulture, the business of removing plants from smaller pots to larger ones, &c., to give them fresh earth or mould. It is necessary occasionally, in all plants in pots, to assist them with larger ones, accord

ing as the advanced growth of the particular sorts proceed; and at the same time to supply an additional proportion of fresh earth about the root-fibres of the plants, to promote their growth: and sometimes, for the application of fresh compost, either in part or wholly.

Some sorts, of a strong free growth, require shifting once every year or two: others, more moderate growers, or of more settled growths, once in two or three years; and some large growing kinds, that are advanced to a considerable size, having been occasionally shifted, in their increasing growth, from smaller into larger pots of different proportionable sizes, and some from large pots into tubs of still larger dimensions, as large plants of the American aloe, orange, and lemon-tree kinds, c. In that advanced state, they sometimes only need occasional shifting once in three or several years, especially when the pots or tubs are capacious, containing a large supply of earth, and are occasionally refreshed with some new compost at top, and a little way down, round the sides about the extreme roots and in some small slow-growing plants, as in many of the succulent tribe, shifting them once in two or three years may be sufficient; other sorts want shifting annually into larger pots, according as they advance in a free growth, as the hardy and tender kinds of herbatender annual flower-plants, cultivated in pots, ceous and shrubby plants, &c. Some of the and forwarded in hot-beds, being planted first in small pots, want shifting, in their increasing growth, into larger sizes, once or twice the same season, as from April to the beginning of June, when, being shifted finally into the requisite fullsized pots, they remain during their existence. But though large grown plants, either of the shrub or tree kind, as we'l as other plants of large growths, after being finally stationed in the fullest-sized large pots and tubs, succeed several years without shifting, they should in the interval have the top earth loosened, and down round the sides to some little depth, removing the loosened old soil, and filling up the pots, tubs, &c., with fresh earth, settling it close by a moderate watering.

The season for occasional shifting plants is principally the spring and autumn, as from March to May for the spring shifting; and from August to the end of September for the autumn; though, in plants that can be removed with the full balls of earth about the roots, it may be occasionally performed almost at any time; however, for any general shifting, the spring and autumn are the most successful seasons, as the plants then sooner strike fresh root; and many sorts preferably in the spring, by having the benefit of the same growing season, and that of summer. In performing the business, it is mostly proper to remove the plants from the smaller to the larger pots, with the balls of earth about the roots, either wholly, or some of the outward old earth, the dry or matted radical fibres only being carefully trimmed away, so as not to disturb the principal roots in the bodies of them, as by this means the plants receive but little check in their growth by the removal. Sometimes, when any particular plants, shrubs,

or trees, &c., in their pots, discover by their tops that they are in a declining state, as probably the defect may be either in the root, or the old balls of earth, it may be proper to shake all the earth entirely away, in order to examine the roots, and to trim and dress them as the case may require, replanting them in entire fresh compost or mould.

In preparing for this work, where necessary to give larger pots, &c., it is proper to provide them of suitable sizes, in some regular gradation larger than the old ones, according to the nature and growth of the plants, the whole being placed ready, with a proper quantity of fresh compost earth, in proportion to the number and size of the plants intended to be shifted: then let those plants intended to be removed with balls oe taken out of their old pots separately, with the whole balls or clumps of earth about the roots as entire as possible; and when large, or tolerably full, with a knife trim off some of the outward loosest earth, and the extreme fibres of the roots; but when small, and adhering together compactly, the whole may be preserved entire; and in either case, where there are very matted, dry, or decayed fibres surrounding the balls, they should be trimmed as it may seem necessary: in those of a fresh lively growth, the loose straggling parts only should be cut away. The requisite pruning, trimming, or dressing in the heads or tops, should also be given where it may seem proper, according to the state of growth, and the natural habit of the different plants; but many sorts require little or none of this sort of attention. Then having placed some pieces of tile or oyster shell, &c., loosely over the holes at bottom, and laid in a little fresh earth, two, three, or four inches deep, or more, according to the size of the pot, the plant should be set in with its ball of earth, as above, filling up around it with more fresh mould, raising it an inch or two over the top of the ball; and giving directly a moderate watering, to settle the earth close about the ball and roots regularly in every part, in a proper manner: in such cases, where the ball in particular plants appears very compactly hard and binding, it may be proper to loosen it a little, by thrusting a sharp pointed stick down into the earth into different parts, giving it a gentle wrench, to open the earth moderately; or sometimes it may also be proper to trim away some of the old earth on the top and sides, then planting it as above, and filling up round and over the ball with fresh earth, and watering it afterwards. Also, in shifting hardy or tender, shrub by, succulent, or herbaceous plants, when any appear of a sickly, weak, or unhealthy growth, it may be adviseable to clear off a considerable part of the outward old earth from the balls about the roots, or, in some cases, to shake it wholly away, that the defects in the growths, occasioned either by faults in the roots or in the earth, may be removed by pruning out any decayed or bad parts of the roots, and replanting them wholly in fresh earth. After shifting a moderate watering will of course be required.

SHIFTING A TACKLE, in sea-language, the act of removing the blocks of a tackle to a greater distance from each other, on the object

to which they are applied, in order to give a greater scope of extent to their purchase. This operation is otherwise called fleeting. Shifting the helm denotes the alteration of its position, by pushing it towards the opposite side of the ship. Shifting the voyal signifies changing its position on the capstern, from the right to the left, and vice versa.

SHIGGAION, in ancient Hebrew music, is either the name of a musical instrument, or of a tune whose notes were very much diversified. Psal. vii. title.

SHIITES, a religious sect, or rather a religious political party among the Mahometans, which originated on the death of Mahomet, from the rejection of his son-in-law Ali, and which still divides all his followers in Turkey, Arabia, and Persia. If Christians may presume to decide in a Mahometan controversy, we would say the Shiites have justice on their side. Their opponents are called Sonnites.

The name Shiites properly signifies sectaries or adherents in general, but is peculiarly used to denote those of Ali Ebn Abi Tâleb; who maintain him to be lawful caliph and imam, and that the supreme authority, both in spirituals and temporals, of right belongs to his descendants. The principal sects of the Shiites are five, which are subdivided into an almost incredible number; so that some understand Mahomet's prophecy of the seventy odd sects, of the Shiites only. Their general opinions are, 1. That the peculiar designation of the imam, and the testimonies of the koran and Mahomet concerning him, are necessary points. 2. That the imams ought necessarily to keep themselves free from light sins as well as more grievous. 3. That every one ought publicly to declare who it is that he adheres to, and from whom he separates himself, by word, deed, and engagement, and that herein there should be no dissimulation. But in this last point some of the Zeidians, a sect so named from Zeid, the son of Ali, surnamed Zein al Abedin, and great grandson of Ali, dissented from the rest of the Shiites. As to other articles, wherein they agreed not, some of them came pretty near to the notions of the Motazalites, others to those of the Moshabbehites, and others to those of the Sonnites. Among the latter of these, Mahommed al Baker, another son of Zein al Abedin's, seems to claim a place: for his opinion as to the will of God was, that God willeth something in us, and something from us, and that he willeth from us he has revealed to us; for which reason he thought it preposterous that we should employ our thoughts about those things which God willeth in us, and neglect those which he willeth from us: and, as to God's decree, he held that the way lay in the middle, and that there was neither compulsion nor free liberty. A tenet of the Khattabians, or disciples of one Abu'l Khattâb, is too peculiar to be omitted. These maintained paradise to be no other than the pleasures of this world, and hell-fire to be the pains thereof, and that the world will never decay: which proposition being first laid down, it is no wonder they went farther, and declared it lawful to indulge themselves in drinking wine and whoring, and

to do other things forbidden by the law, and also to omit doing the things commanded by the law. Many of the Shiites have carried their veneration for Ali and his descendants so far that they transgressed all bounds of reason and decency; though some of them are less extravagant than others. The Gholaites, who had their name from their excessive zeal for their imams, were so highly transported therewith that they raised them above the degree of created beings, and attributed divine properties to them; trangressing on either hand, by deifying of mortal men, and by making God corporeal: for one while they liken one of their imams to God, and another while they liken God to a creature. The sects of these are various, and have various appellations in different countries. Abd'allah Ebn Saba (who had been a Jew, and had asserted the same thing of Joshua the son of Nun), was the ringleader of one of them. This man gave the following salutation to Ali, viz. Thou art Thou, i. e. thou art God: and hereupon the Gholaites became divided into several species; some maintaining the same thing, or something like it, of Ali, and others of some of one of his descendants; affirming that he was not dead, but would return again in the clouds, and fill the earth with justice. But, how much soever they disagreed in other things, they unanimously held a metempsychosis, and what they call al Holul, or the descent of God on his creatures; meaning thereby that God is present in every place, and speaks with every tongue, and appears in some individual persons; and hence some of them asserted their imams to be prophets, and at length gods. The Nosairians and the Ishakians taught that spiritual substances appear in grosser bodies; and that the angels and the devil have appeared in this manner. They also assert that God has appeared in the form of certain men; and since, after Mahomet, there has been no man more excellent than Ali, and, after him, his sons have excelled all other men, that God has appeared in their form, spoken with their tongue, and made use of their hands, for which reason, say they, we attribute divinity to them. And, to support these blasphemies, they tell several miraculous things of Ali, as his moving the gates of Khaibar, which they urge as a plain proof that he was endued with a particle of divinity, and with sovereign power, and that he was the person in whose form God appeared, with whose hands he created all things, and with whose tongue he published his commands; and therefore they say he was in being before the creation of heaven and earth. In so impious a manner do they seem to wrest those things which are said in Scripture of Christ, by applying them to Ali. These extravagant fancies of the Shiites, however, in making their imams partakers of the divine nature, and the impiety of some of those imams in laying claim thereto, are so far from being peculiar to this sect, that most of the other Mahometan sects are tainted with the same madness; there being many found among them, and among the Susis especially, who pretend to be nearly related to heaven, and who boast of strange revelations before the credulous people. To this account of the Shiites

of the first ages we shall subjoin a brief mention of the great schism at this day subsisting between the Sonnites and the Shiites, or partisans of Ali, and maintained on either side with implacable hatred and furious zeal. Though the difference arose at first on a political occasion, it has, notwithstanding, been so well improved by additional circumstances, and the spirit of contradiction, that each party detest and anathematise the other as abominable heretics, and farther from the truth than either the Christians or the Jews. The chief points wherein they differ are, 1. That the Shiites reject Abu Becr, Omar, and Othman, the three first caliphs, as usurpers and intruders; whereas the Sonnites acknowledge and respect them as rightful imams. 2. The Shiites prefer Ali to Mahomet, or at least esteem them both equal; but the Sonnites admit neither Ali, nor any of the prophets, to be equal to Mahomet. 3. The Sonnites charge the Shiites with corrupting the koran, and neglecting its precepts; and the Shiites retort the same charge on the Sonnites. 4. The Sonnites receive the Sonna, or book of traditions of their prophet, as of canonical authority; whereas the Shiites reject it as apocryphal and unworthy of credit. And to these disputes, and some others of less moment, is principally owing the antipathy which has long reigned between the Turks, who are Sonnites, and the Persians, who are of the sect of Ali.-Sale's Koran, Introduction.

SHILLER SPAR, in mineralogy, a species of hornblende. See MINERALOGY.

SHILLING, n. s. Saxon and Erse scylling, Belg. schelling. A coin of various value in different times. It is now twelve pence.

Five of these pence made their shilling, which they called scilling, probably from scillingus, which the Romans used for the fourth part of an ounce; and forty-eight of these scillings made their pound; and four hundred of these pounds were a legacy for a king's daughter, as appeareth by the last will of king Alfred.

Camden's Remains.

SHILLING, an English silver coin, equal to the twentieth part of a pound. Freherus derives the Saxon scilling, whence our shilling, from a corruption of siliqua; proving the derivation by several texts of law, and, among others, by the twenty-sixth law, De annuis legatis. Skinner deduces it from the Saxon scild, shield, by reason of the escutcheon of arms thereon. Bishop Hooper derives it from the Arabic schecle, signifying a weight; but others, with greater probability, deduce it from the Latin sicilicus, which signified a quarter of an ounce, or the fortyeighth part of a Roman pound. In confirmation of this etymology it is alleged that the shilling kept its original signification, and bore the same proportion to the Saxon pound as sicilicus did to the Roman and the Greek, being exactly the forty-eighth part of the Saxon pound; a discovery which we owe to Mr. Lambarde. (Explic. Rer. et Verb. Sax. voc. Libra),

However, the Saxon laws reckon the pound in the round number at fifty shillings, but they really coined out of it only forty-eight; the value of the shilling was five-pence; but it was reduced to four-pence above a century before the conquest; for several of the Saxon laws, made in Athelstan's reign, oblige us to take this estimate. Thus it continued to the Norman times, as one of the conqueror's laws sufficiently ascertains; and it seems to have been the common coin by which the English payments were adjusted. After the conquest the French solidus of twelve pence, which was in use among the Normans, was called by the English name of shilling; and the Saxon shilling of fourpence took a Norman name, and was called the groat, or great coin, because it was the largest English coin then known in England. It has been the opinion of the bishops Fleetwood and Gibson, and of the antiquaries in general, that, though the method of reckoning by pounds, marks, and shillings, as well as by pence and farthings, had been in constant use even from the Saxon times, long before the Norman conquest, there never was such a coin in England as either a pound or a mark, nor any shilling, till the year 1504 or 1505, when a few silver shillings or twelve-pences were coined, which have long since been solely confined to the cabinets of collectors. Mr. Clarke combats this opinion, alleging that some coins mentioned by Mr. Folkes, under Edward I., were probably Saxon shillings new minted, and that archbishop Aelfric expressly says (Gram. Saxon. p. 52) that the Saxons had three names for their money, viz. mancuses, shillings, and pennies. He also urges the different value of the Saxon shilling at different times, and its uniform proportion to the pound, as an argument that their shilling was a coin; and the testimony of the Saxon gospels, in which the word we have translated pieces of silver is rendered shillings, which, he says, they would hardly have done, if there had been no such coin as a shilling then in use. Accordingly the Saxons expressed their shilling in Latin by siclus and argenteus. He farther adds that the Saxon shilling was never expressed by solidus till after the Norman settlements in England; and, howsoever it altered during the long period that elapsed from the conquest to the time of Henry VII., it was the most constant denomination of money in all payments, though it was then only a species of account, or the twentieth part of the pound sterling: and when it was again revived as a coin, it lessened gradually as the pound sterling lessened, from the twenty-eighth of Edward III. to the forty-third of Elizabeth. In 1560 there was a peculiar sort of shilling struck in Ireland, of the value of ninepence English, which passed in Ireland for the value of twelvepence. The motto on the reverse was posui Deum adjutorem meum. Of these shillings, according to Malynes, eighty-two went to the pound; they therefore weighed twenty grains one-fourth each, which is somewhat heavier in proportion than the English shilling of that time, sixty-two whereof went to the pound, each weighing ninety-two grains seveneighths; and the Irish shilling being valued at the tower at ninepence English, that is, one-fourth

part less than the English shilling, it should therefore proportionably weigh one-fourth part less, and its full weight be somewhat more than sixty-two grains; but some of them found at this time, though much worn, weighed sixty-nine grains. In 1598 five different pieces of money of this kind were struck in England for the service of the kingdom of Ireland at twelvepence each; half shillings to be current at sixpence, and quarter shillings at threepence. Pennies and halfpennies were also struck of the same kind, and sent over for the payment of the army in Ireland. The money thus coined was of a very base mixture of copper and silver; and two years after there were more pieces of the same kind struck for the same service, which were still worse; the former being three ounces of silver to nine ounces of copper; and these latter only two ounces eighteen pennyweights to nine ounces two pennyweights of the alloy. The Dutch, Flemish, and Germans have likewise their shilling, called schelin, schilling, scalin, &c., but these, not being of the same weight or fineness with the English shilling, are not current at the same value. The English shilling is worth about twenty-three French sols; those of Holland and Germany about eleven sols and a half; those of Flanders about nine. The Dutch shillings are also called sols de gros, because equal to twelve gros. The Danes have copper shillings worth. about one-fourth of a farthing sterling. SHILL-I-SHALL-I. A corrupt reduplication of shall I ?' The question of a man hesitating. To stand shill-I-shall-I is to continue hesitating and procrastinating.

I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because, when I make it, I keep it I don't stand shill-I-shall-1 then: if I say 't, I'll do 't.

Congreve's Way of the World.

SHILLUK, a town of Africa, on the banks of the Bahr el Abiad, or true Nile. The houses are built of clay, and the inhabitants are idolaters, have no other clothing than bands of long grass, which they pass round the waist and between the thighs. They are all black; both sexes are accustomed to shave their heads. The people of Shilluk have the dominion of the river, and take toll of all passengers, in such articles of traffic as pass among them. They are hospitable to such as come among them in a peaceable manner, and never betray those to whom they have once accorded protection. Long. 32° 26' E., lat. 130° 0° N..

SHILOH, a term much disputed among interpreters and commentators upon Scripture. In Gen. xlix. 10 it denotes the Messiah. The patriarch Jacob foretels his coming in these words: 'the sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come: and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.' The Hebrew text reads until Shiloh come. All Christian commentators agree that this word ought to be understood of the Messiah, or Jesus Christ; but all are not agreed about its literal and grammatical signification. St. Jerome, who translates it by Qui mittendus est, manifestly reads Shiloach, sent, instead of Shiloh. The Septuagint have it

Εως αν έλθη τα αποκεμενα αυτω; or, Εως «y In 'w aжTOKEITAι (as if they had read be instead of ), i. e. Until the coming of him for whom it is reserved;' or, till we see arrive that which is reserved for him. Some translate, 'the sceptre shall not depart from Judah till he comes to whom it belongs;' or instead of Others, till the coming of the peace-maker;' or, the pacific;' or, of prosperity,' prosperatus est. Shalah signifies to be in peace, to be in prosperity;' others, 'till the birth of him who shall be born of a woman that shall conceive without the knowledge of a man,' or ', secundina, fluxus. Le Clerc explains it, the sceptre shall not depart from Judah, till its end, its ruin; till the downfal of the kingdom of the Jews,' or n it has ceased, it has finished. But this explains nothing. It is only saying, the sceptre shall not depart till it depart! A more modern author derives Shiloh from nb, fatigare, which sometimes signifies to be weary, to suffer; till his labors, his sufferings, his passion, shall happen.' But, whatever be the precise grammatical signification of Shiloh, it is sufficient for us to show that the ancient Jews are in this matter agreed with the Christians; they acknowledge that this word stands for the Messiah, the King. It is thus that the paraphrasts Onkelos and Jonathan, that the ancient Hebrew commentaries upon Genesis, and that the Talmudists themselves explain it. If Jesus Christ and his apostles did not make use of this passage to prove the coming of the Messiah, it was because then the completion of this prophecy was not sufficiently manifest. The sceptre still continued among the Jews; they seemed to have still kings of their own nation, though the royal family was extirpated by Herod; but soon after the sceptre was entirely taken away from them, and has never been restored to them since. But that Jacob's prophecy was literally fulfilled is clear from the whole history of the Jews. Nothing is more evident than that the posterity of Judah preserved their distinct existence as a tribe, or rather as a nation, together with a power of vernment and legislation, even when they were occasionally subject to other nations, till Jesus Christ was born into the world. The tribe of Judah was the most numerous of the twelve when they came out of Egypt: under Moses they led the van in the wilderness: after leaving it they were divinely ordered to make the first attack on the remaining Canaanites (Judges, i. 1, 2), as well as afterwards against the Benjamites (xx. 18). Caleb, and his son-in-law Othniel, the first judge of Israel after Joshua, were of this tribe: and, from the death of Saul, the royal house of David held the supreme power till the Babylonish captivity. Even under the Chaldeans, Medes and Persians, Jeconiah, Zerubbabel, and Nehemiah, who were all of this tribe, held an evident superiority over the Jews. (See 2 Kings xxv. Ezra, i-vi. Neh. i-xiii.) And for a period of about 450 years, from the death of Zerubbabel to the usurpation of Herod, the government of Judah continued in the descen

go

dants of Zerubbabel, and afterwards in the Asmonean, or Maccabbean family; till the usurpation of Herod the Ascalonite or Idumean, a few years before the birth of our Saviour, showed that the completion of the prophecy by the coming of Shiloh, and the departure of the sceptre from Judah, was about to take place. See HEROD, and the chronological series of the princes of Judah, under JUDAH. The total conquest and dispersion of the Jews soon after, and the dreadful destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, completely fulfilled the prophecies of Jacob and our Saviour. See Jews.

SHILOH, in ancient geography, a celebrated city of Israel, in the tribe of Ephraim, about ten miles south of Shechem, and twenty-five north of Jerusalem. In this city Joshua divided the Western Canaan among the nine tribes and a half (Josh. xviii.); and here he fixed the Tabernacle of God; where it remained for about 350 years, till it was taken by the Philistines, little to their advantage. Here too the remaining 200 Benjamites provided themselves with wives at Romans afterwards did with the Sabine virgins. the vintage festival (Judges xxi. 23.); as the

SHIM, in agriculture, a tool of the tillage kind, used in breaking down and reducing the more stiff and heavy sorts of land, as well as cutting up and clearing them from weeds. In the Hertford Agricultural Survey by the Board of Agriculture, the writer remarks that a tool of this kind is in use by Mr. Calvert, which differs from those usually employed, in which the cutting-iron or plate, which for the work it is adapted for, as that of cutting up weeds on two-bout or four-furrow Essex ridges, or of cleaning land without ploughing or burying the soil, is a small segment of a large circle. It despatches a ridge at a time, and is an implement that performs its business well, and which deserves the notice of the tillage-farmer in other places. It is readily altered for flat work, and is said to be had recourse to by other farmers with success in the same district. A useful tool of this sort has also been recommended by Mr. Young, in his Annals, the hint of which he took from the Berkshire one, and to which the beam and block is capable of being applied. In a wide interval, the three shares may be worked on a level. Between the rows of cabbages, after earthing up, the two external shares may be set to cut the weeds that are apt to rise on the sides of the ridges, without disturbing too much earth, and the centre share sunk to scrape the bottom of the furrow. The centre one may also be worked alone, between narrow rows. In forging the shares of all shims, he has well observed that the blacksmith should be careful to give them tendency enough into the ground, by bending them downwards: for want of this caution, he has found many of them to work badly. The wheel in the beam counteracts this tendency sufficiently when at work. These tools should be upon all tillage farms.

SHIM, POTATOE, a tool of the shim kind, used for cleaning the potatoe crops.

SHIN, n. s. Saxon rcina; Teut. schien. The forepart of the leg.