Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century: Toward a New, Integrated Hard Problem ScienceR. Costanza, S.E. Jorgensen Elsevier, 2002 M06 5 - 346 páginas The aim of this book is to encourage integration of the natural and social sciences with the policy and design-making community, and thereby develop a deeper understanding of complex environmental problems. Its fundamental themes are:
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... greater degree of model complexity than the foodweb model itself, without even beginning to consider incorporating the simulation of human agency as it interacts with the environmental system. Complex interactions can generate counter ...
... greater diversity of types of components or relationships (Casti, 1979; Holland, 1995). For example, a system with 10 identical components is less complex than one with 10 different kinds of components. Structural asymmetry also tends ...
... greater are the local reversibility and efficiency of energetic interactions. Very complex biochemical systems seem to operate at very elevated efficiencies with a great number of intermediary steps, ensuring that each degradative step ...
... greater the number, the more efficient the processes - however, the constraints pertaining to predicting and controlling the environment are also greater. To increase efficiency of the steps would require increased reversibility of ...
... greater spatial structure (Odum, 1994), evident, for example, in urban centers and mountains. Built structure becomes dependent upon inflows from the surrounding landscape, and the more structure built, the larger the support area ...
Contenido
1 | |
3 | |
5 | |
19 | |
41 | |
Chapter 4 Complex Adaptive Hierarchical Systems | 95 |
State of the Art | 101 |
Chapter 6 Ecosystem Services | 127 |
Chapter 9 Ecosystem Health and Human Health | 167 |
Healthy Planet Healthy Living | 189 |
Chapter 11 Quality of Life and the Distribution of Wealth and Resources | 221 |
Chapter 12 Quality of Life and the Distribution of Wealth and Resources | 259 |
Conclusions | 303 |
References | 307 |
Author Index | 309 |
Subject Index | 319 |
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Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century: Toward ... R. Costanza,S.E. Jorgensen Vista previa limitada - 2002 |
Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century: Toward ... R. Costanza,S.E. Jorgensen Vista de fragmentos - 2002 |