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Which is from my remembrance! Please you, farther.

Pros. My brother, and thy uncle, call'd Antonio,

I pray thee, mark me,—that a brother should

Be so perfidious!-he whom, next thyself,
Of all the world I lov'd, and to him put
The manage of my state; as, at that time,
Through all the signories it was the first
(And Prospero the prime duke, being so reputed
In dignity), and, for the liberal arts,
Without a parallel; those being all my study,
The government I cast upon my brother,
And to my state grew stranger, being transported
And wrapt in secret studies. Thy false uncle-
Dost thou attend me ?

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Mir. Oh, good sir, I do.
Pros.

I pray thee, mark me.
1, thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated
To closeness, and the bettering of my mind
With that which, but by being so retired,
O'er-priz'd all popular rate, in my false brother
Awak'd an evil nature; and my trust,
Like a good parent, did beget of him
A falsehood, in its contrary as great
As my trust was; which had indeed no limit,

A confidence sans 21 bound. He being thus lorded,
Not only with what my revenue yielded,

But what my power might else exact,-like one,"
Who having, unto truth, by telling of it,
Made such a sinner of his memory,
To credit his own lie,-he did believe

He was indeed the duke; out o' the substitution,

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Pros.

Now the condition. This King of Naples, being an enemy To me inveterate, hearkens my brother's suit; Which was, that he, in lieu o'27 the premises,Of homage, and I know not how much tribute,Should presently extirpate me and mine Out of the dukedom, and confer fair Milan, With all the honours, on my brother: whereon, A treacherous army levied, one midnight Fated to the purpose, did Antonio open The gates of Milan; and, i' the dead of darkness, The ministers for the purpose hurried thence Me, and thy crying self.

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Wherefore did they not

me; "as in a similar passage in "Timon of Athens," v. 1 :— "Whose thankless natures, not all the whips of heaven are large enough;" where "for" is understood before "whose."

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Dry" is a homely word for

24. Confederates. Rarely now used as a verb. 25. So dry he was for sway. thirsty."

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26. To think but nobly. "But is here used exceptively, and means other than," or "otherwise than." any 27. In lieu o' the. "In lieu of" here has not its usual signification of "instead of," or "in place of," but means in exchange for," as an equivalent for.'

"

28. Hint. Used for "suggested ground;" and again in the first speech at the beginning of the next Act we find "our hint of woe," for "the ground or subject of our woe."

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So dear the love my people bore me,-nor set
A mark so bloody on the business; but
With colours fairer painted their foul ends.
In few,20 they hurried us aboard a bark,

Bore us some leagues to sea; where they prepar'd
A rotten carcass of a boat, not rigg'd,
Nor tackle, sail, nor mast; the very rats
Instinctively have quit it:30 there they hoist us,
To cry to the sea that roar'd to us; to sigh
To the winds, whose pity, sighing back again,
Did us but loving wrong.

Mir.

Was I then to you!

Pros.

Alack, what trouble

Oh, a cherubin

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Mir. Heavens thank you for't! And now, I

pray you, sir,

For still 'tis beating in my mind,—your reason For raising this sea-storm?

Pros.

34

Know thus far forth.

By accident most strange, bountiful Fortune-
Now my dear lady hath mine enemies
Brought to this shore; and by my prescience
I find my zenith doth depend upon

A most auspicious star, whose influence
If now I court not, but omit, my fortunes
Will ever after droop. Here cease more questions:
Thou art inclined to sleep; 'tis a good dulness,
And give it way:-I know thou canst not choose.—
[Miranda sleeps.

Come away, servant, come! I am ready now:
Approach, my Ariel, come!

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Of sulphurous roaring, the most mighty Neptune Seem to besiege, 38 and make his bold waves tremble,

Yea, his dread trident shake.
Pros.
My brave spirit!
Who was so firm, so constant, that this coil 39
Would not infect his reason?

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Pelidæ stomachum," &c.

in Horace's Ode VI. to Agrippa.

33. Princess'. For "princesses." A form of plural to be found

in old writers, where it suited the rhythm.

34. Now my dear lady. Now propitious to me.

35. Quality. Gift, qualification.

36. To point. Exactly, punctiliously.

37. Distinctly. Separately.

38. Seem to besiege. It is not unusual with Shakespeare to deviate into present tense, while relating an event that has occurred, and it gives great vivacity and force to the effect. 39. Coil Used here for "noise," "tumult."

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But felt a fever of the mad, and play'd
Some tricks of desperation, All, but mariners,
Plung'd in the foaming brine, and quit the vessel,
Then all a-fire with me: the king's son, Ferdinand,
With hair up-staring, then like reeds, not hair,
Was the first man that leap'd; cried "Hell is
empty,

And all the devils are here."
Pros.

But was not this nigh shore?
Ari.

Why, that's my spirit!

Act I. Scene II.

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Ari.

Safely in harbour Is the king's ship; in the deep nook, where once Close by, my master, Thou call'dst me up at midnight to fetch dew Pros. But are they, Ariel, safe? From the still-vex'd Bermoothes," there she's hid: Ari. Not a hair perish'd; The mariners all under hatches stow'd; On their sustaining garments not a blemish, Whom, with a charm join'd to their suffer'd labour, But fresher than before: and, as thou bad'st me, I have left asleep: and for the rest o' the fleet,

40. His arms in this sad knot. Shakespeare, like a true dramatist, gives by a touch a hint to his performers and a picture to his audience. Here, the tricksy sprite Ariel wreathing his arms in mimicry of the sad young prince he is describing, is indicated by the single word "this."

41. The still-vex'd Bermoothes. The poet's epithet, "still

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vex'd," is exquisitely chosen to convey the idea of the evertroubled sea that chafes and beats round the rocky shore of the Bermuda Islands. This passage suffices to show that Bermuda is not the scene of this play (as some commentators have tried to prove it is); since Ariel is sent to fetch dew from thence. We believe the island of "THE TEMPEST" to be not Bermuda,

Which I dispers'd, they all have met again,
And are upon the Mediterranean flote,12
Bound sadly home for Naples;

Supposing that they saw the king's ship wreck'd,
And his great person perish.

Pros.
Ariel, thy charge
Exactly is perform'd: but there's more work.

What is the time o' the day?

Ari.

Pros.

Past the mid season.

At least two glasses. 13 The time 'twixt six and now

Must by us both be spent most preciously.

Thou know'st, was banish'd: for one thing she did,
They would not take her life. Is not this true?
Ari. Ay, sir.

Pros. This blue-eyed hag was hither brought
with child,

And here was left by the sailors. Thou, my slave,
As thou report'st thyself, was then her servant:
And, for thou wast a spirit too delicate
To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands,
Refusing her grand hests,46 she did confine thee,
By help of her more potent ministers,
And in her most unmitigable rage,

Ari. Is there more toil? Since thou dost give Into a cloven pine; within which rift

me pains,

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Imprison'd, thou didst painfully remain

A dozen years; within which space she died,
And left thee there; where thou didst vent thy
groans

As fast as mill-wheels strike. Then was this island-
Save for the son that she did litter here,
A freckled whelp, hag-born-not honour'd with
A human shape.

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Awake, dear heart, awake! thou hast slept well; Awake!

That burn by day and night: and then I lov'd thee, And show'd thee all the qualities o' the isle,

Mir. [Waking] The strangeness of your story The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and put

Heaviness in me.

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Cal. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brush'd With raven's feather from unwholesome fen, Drop on you both! a south-west blow on ye, And blister you all o'er!

Pros. For this, be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps,

Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up; urchins52
Shall, for that vast of night 5 that they may work,
All exercise on thee: thou shalt be pinch'd
As thick as honeycomb, each pinch more stinging
Than bees that made them.

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48. We cannot miss him. We cannot do without him; an expression still in provincial use.

49 Thou earth, thou! The terms in which Caliban is summoned suffice to proclaim the essence of his being. He is earthiness itself, grossly material; in elemental and entire contrast to Ariel.

50. When? An exclamation denoting impatience. 51. Wicked dew. "Wicked" is here used by Shakespeare as Spenser uses it in his expression "wicked weed," for baneful or harmful property. So, on the contrary, we still say the "virtues," or "virtuous" qualities in medicinal herbs and plants.

52. Urchins. An old name for hedgehogs; and also for evil sprites and mischievous fairies.

fertile :

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Which any print of goodness will not take,
Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee,
Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each
hour

One thing or other: when thou didst not, savage, Know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble like

A thing most brutish, I endowed thy purposes With words that made them known: but thy vile race, 55

Though thou didst learn, had that in't which good

natures

Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou Deservedly confin'd into this rock,

Who hadst deserv'd more than a prison.

Cal. You taught me language; and my profit

on't

Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you, 56

57

For learning me your language! $7

Pros. Hag-seed, hence! Fetch us in fuel; and be quick, thou'rt best, To answer other business. Shrug'st thou, malice? If thou neglect'st, or dost unwillingly

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