orders, and, in the first school, will, several of them, be volunteers, fellows of colleges, &c., willing to labour at a very small rate for the good of the rising generation. In its present infant state such a gentleman has charge of the school, a first-class Oxford man. To every twenty-five boys there will be a principal master, and in the whole of the present establishment, which is ultimately designed to contain three hundred boys, twelve masters in holy orders. The profit from each boy, when the cost of board, servants, &c., &c., is paid, will be £14 per annum. This, in the case of three hundred boys, will give £4200. Salary for twelve masters, at an average of £100 per annum each, £1200; boarding, &c., for ditto, £500; total expense of masters, £1700. Further I purpose to have ten scholars, chosen from those of the elder boys who wish to devote themselves to education: the cost of boarding these at £16 each will be £160 per annum; their stipends, at an average of £20 each, £200. Total expenses of the establishment, £2060; balance, £2140: deduct £140 for rates, taxes, &c., and you have £2000 per annum clear to help the less fortunate schools, and to establish exhibitions in the Universities for persons of talent.

"Now let us turn to the second class schools. The London Orphan Asylum shall be our guide in the financial department: the boys there are for the most part the sons of the smaller kind of tradesmen, such as I aim at securing. The average cost of victualing them, &c., taking a period of ten years, is £10 per annum, without holidays. In our case, with two months' holidays, it would not exceed £9; extra expenses, servants, &c., making it up to £10 10s. per annum. These boys I would take at £14 per annum, and in a school of two hundred boys clear £700 for the cost of education. For these two hundred boys I would have four Clergymen, at an average stipend of £100 per annum each, with four lay assistants, sent gratuitously from the school class No. 1, and simply kept out of the funds of class No. 2. Here again then I should have sufficient funds to keep my second school going, especially when you take in the sums paid by day-scholars in each of the schools. It only

requires the absence of selfishness, and an earnest impression of the magnitude and dignity of the work, to make it entirely successful. The whole scheme will in the end, as you see, be self-supporting; but if otherwise, it is a greater charity than even national schools."

The reader will see what a noble conception Mr Woodard has formed of his work, and in what a noble spirit he has entered upon it. Its importance for the well-being of England cannot be exaggerated; and God's blessing will be on it. Hence it must succeed, more or less. I earnestly hope that party-spirit will not intrude to lessen its good effects. With such a grand object in view, I trust, all the persons who take part in the work will feel it their special duty to follow the example of him who declared that, if meat made his brother to offend, he would not eat meat while the world standeth, lest he should make his brother to offend. On the other hand, the practical sense of the English nation will not allow party squabbles and prejudices to deprive it of the benefits it would derive from such a work undertaken in faith and love, manifesting themselves in exemplary selfdenial and selfsacrifice.

This scheme was drawn up in March 1848. Already three schools have been establisht,-one at New Shoreham for the sons of clergymen and gentlemen with small means, at £30 or £40 a year, one at Hurstperpoint for the middle classes, at eighteen guineas a year, with an addition of four guineas for Greek, if required, and a day-school at New Shoreham for the sons of poorer shopkeepers and farmers, at sixteen shillings a quarter, with an addition of five shillings for Latin, if required. May they be the parents of a numerous progeny, spreading from one end of England to the other!

NOTE M: p. 51.

FROM the very first establishment of our so-called Religious Newspapers, the thoughtful must have felt that there was something anomalous and incongruous in the very name of such a publication, and that it would be beset at every step by dangers, which nothing but mature Christian wisdom could avoid. For what has religion to do with novelties? its goings forth are from eternity. Or how would it be possible for such a work to repress the noxious tendencies of party-spirit, and the personalities which that spirit always breeds? Under this persuasion, which was confirmed by whatever I saw, when such a newspaper happened to fall in my way, I always eschewed them: and when I was raised to an office, which brought me into intercourse with a larger body of my brother Clergy, and made it my duty to examine the influences whereby they are affected, I became more and more convinced of the wide-spreading mischief which these newspapers produce in our Church. Hence, year after year, in my Charges I have tried to warn the Clergy against their noxious influence, whereby all the worst evils of party-spirit are grievously fostered and fomented, and the religious controversies of the day are introduced in their most odious form into almost every religious family.

A number of these evils arise almost inevitably from the very nature of such publications, which exercise a sort of constraint on their editors to use those arts whereby an extensive immediate sale is to be secured. The shelter of anonymousness is a temptation to every one who bears ill-will against any of his brethren from whatsoever cause and assuredly there is no evidence that the odium theologicum in our days has abdicated the primacy which it has so long held. Even those, whose names would nullify their attacks, acquire the power of wounding, when they cast their poisoned darts out of secret lurking-places. The most ignorant, the most imbecile, the most rancorous may do this.

Everybody who feels jealousy, or spite, or dislike, or animosity, finds a ready vent for his feelings. Rumours taken up without examination, exaggerated, misrepresented, falsified, are thus circulated from house to house, and propagated from week to week, until they often become matter of common belief. The more injurious a story is to an adversary, the readier the editor will be to insert it, for the sake of seasoning what would otherwise be dull and vapid. The extent of his circulation depends in great measure on his fanning the prejudices of his readers. If he can but get them to look upon him as the champion of their cause, his sale is safe. In this, as in so many other cases, we see how far superior in wisdom the children of this world are to those who call themselves children of light. While all the respectable daily newspapers have attained to the honorable distinction of rejecting and excluding personalities, the religious newspapers will stoop into the gutter and wade through the common sewer, to pick up anything of the kind.

Of course the chief sufferers from these evils are the editors of the newspapers themselves. It soon becomes the one object of their aims to hunt out what will gratify the prepossessions and prejudices of their readers; and they turn away from whatever would offend or shake them. In so doing they grow more and more unscrupulous, and pamper themselves with the notion, that, in all their bitterness and malignity, they are contending for religious truth, and that, when they lie, they are lying for God. To this curse have inquisitions ever been doomed, that exercised by the press, like all others. Whether they torture men's limbs, or their words and acts, to extort their own conclusions from them, the motive is the same; and so is the excuse wherewith they harden and blind their consciences.

But the whole Church suffers likewise, in all her members. The readers of such papers are daily strengthened in the persuasion, which all are only too ready to embrace, that they, and they alone, are in possession of the whole truth, in its perfect purity and that all who differ from them are in errour, more or less perverting the truth, and endangering it. Hence they learn

to look on all who differ from them with distrust, with suspicion, with fear. Hence, instead of Christian unity, we have divisions, ever widening, ever multiplying; instead of that love and confidence which ought to prevail among brethren redeemed in Christ, jealousy, bitterness, hatred. Every one knows how dismally this picture has been verified by the condition of our Church during the last dozen years; and no one cause has done so much to increase and aggravate this evil, as the religious journals, by which the controversies of the day are made the subject of talk at every breakfast-table, so that people sip down selfgratulation on the purity of their own faith, and indignation at the monstrous errours of their neighbours, along with their tea.

Such being the fate of those who read these newspapers, learning their Gospel from them, they on the other hand, who are the objects of persecution and calumny first to the writers, and then to the mass of their readers, are thrust further and further into the opposite extreme. It is impossible to estimate how much was effected in this way toward driving our brethren, who have recently left us, into their schismatical acts. Week after week, and year after year, they were the objects of fierce invective, of reckless slander. Casual words were wrested against them; groundless rumours were continually repeated; evil constructions were put on all their actions: they found themselves living in an atmosphere of bitterness; and so they sickened and quitted it. Meanwhile the younger members of religious families, unable to partake in the prejudices of their parents, are struck with the incongruity between the antichristian spirit of these journals, and their religious professions, and thus are led to recoil into opposite opinions, or,-under the notion thus imprest upon them that religious professions are a mere pretense,-into open or secret infidelity.

It may be thought strange that so many persons, whose lives exhibit no slight tincture of Christian graces, should be found among the abetters of these favorite instruments of the arch διάβολος or traducer. But weak minds long to have their own