College; building to be commenced in the winter of 1837-8. The town is to be called Oxford, and lots sold in July, 1837. This denomination has a flourishing manual labor school just by Covington.

The Baptists have raised, in subscriptions, over $100,000, for a Southern Baptist college, but have not yet fixed on a site. In 1835 the subject was agitated at Washington, in Wilkes, and $10,000 raised in a short time to locate it in that village. The matter was referred to the Baptist Convention, in May, 1836, and no change was made in regard to location. In the winter of 1837 a considerable sum was raised in the western counties to have it located in Talbotton. At the Convention in May, 1837, a committee reported unfavorably in regard to Talbotton. Many prefer a site near the Mercer Institute, in Greene, but the final determination is not yet made.

Manual Labor Schools. As these have become very popular in our State, a short history may not be uninteresting. In 1829 the author of this volume presented to the Executive Committee of the Baptist Convention, a plan for education with manual labor, but was dissuaded from bringing it before the Convention till April 1831; then it met the hearty approbation of the body generally, not unanimously, and a resolution was passed to purchase lands and commence, January, 1832.

At first the institution was to be open to theological students only, for a few of that class had been receiving instruction at Eatonton, Crawfordville, &c., for a some years.

December, 1831, had arrived, the committee had made no effort to procure a plantation, and the author conceived they were afraid to risk the experiment; therefore he purchased a small place near Eatonton, and opened a manual labor school, January 23d, 1832, on his own responsibility. This, though it met, as was anticipated, with difficulties, flourished beyond the expectations of the most sanguine. In August the Convention had purchased a plantation, and the proprietor of the school, near Eatonton, was requested to discontinue his at the end of the year, and

send his pupils to the other, to be opened in January, 1833; this request was complied with.

The site fixed on by the Convention is in Greene, seven miles N. Greensboro, where operations commenced in January, 1833. Rev. B. M. Sanders, Principal and Steward, and two or three other teachers. About 30 pupils were received the first year, though double that number made application. In 1834, and ever since, from 80 to 90 have received the benefits of the institution, and always more applicants than can be accommodated. The present popular Principal, who, for nearly five years, has conducted the institution, with great energy and prudence, and to the entire satisfaction of the Convention, was so certain, in April, 1831, that the scheme would not succeed, when asked to be one of 30 to raise $1,500, in order to purchase a plantation for the concern, observed, he "would be the 30th," implying that the sum could not be raised the thing was impracticable. The Rev. Messrs. Mercer, Armstrong, and others, were also unbelievers in regard to the matter.

But the Lord has prospered the school. In the first year a large number of the students professed religion.

About 1,000 acres of land are owned in a body; large and convenient buildings are erected; large stocks of horses, cattle, and hogs, are on the place; the students labor from two to three hours per day, growing cotton, corn, potatoes, &c., &c., and are happy; the school flourishes.

This year they have in a high state of cultivation, 10 acres of potatoes, 50 acres oats, 60 cotton, and 70 corn. These will produce, no doubt, 1,000 bushels potatoes, same quantity oats, 100 bushels corn, and 30 bags cotton.

In the spring of 1832 a school of this character was commenced in McIntosh, under the patronage of Rev. Joseph C. Stiles, but it is believed it continued only a short period.

In January, 1833, a manual labor school was begun near Athens, by Mr. Hopkins, under the patronage of the Presbyterians. In 1834 or '5 it was removed to Gwinnett county, where it is in a flourishing condition.

In 1835 the school at Medway was begun, under the

charge of Rev. C. P. Beman, and was held out to be a manual labor establishment, but very little work was performed, and that only the first year: this has grown into Oglethorpe college.

Georgia Conference Manual Labor School was commenced in March, 1835. It is located on the brow of a commanding eminence, lying immediately west of Covington, about half a mile. The institution fronts the south, with a gentle declivity, distant 300 yards from the main road, passing westward from Covington. An area of about three acres is enclosed by the buildings of the institution, covered with beautiful shade trees, of the natural growth. The scene is picturesque and rural. The soil is principally silicious, abounding in the disintegrations of sand-stone, and is based on immense masses of compact granite. The surface of the country around is rolling, and much diversified.

Buildings. 12 Students' houses, 6 on the E. and 6 on the W. wing of the campus, 34 by 18, and 4 feet passage, two rooms in each house.

1 Superintendent's house, 38 by 16, two stories high, with an L 18 feet by 16 feet.

1 Steward's house, 36 by 18, two stories high.

1 Steward's hall, 60 by 25, with T 28 by 28.

1 house for officers and recitation rooms, 28 by 18, with T 28 by 16, two stories high.

1 Chapel, 45 by 30.

2 large barns, with corn house in the centre of one, with sheds on each side, and 12 stables for horses. Cost of the above buildings, about $14,000.

Salaries and number of Officers. Superintendent's salary, $1,250; teacher of Mathematics salary, $800 and board; 1 teacher of Languages, salary $800 and board; 1 assistant in English, salary $200; 1 Steward and Farmer, salary $450 and board of family, say $300 more; number of Students 120; 76 board in the institution.

Expenses. Board $1 25 per week; washing 75 cents per month; tuition $2 25 per month; room rent $2 per

term.

Two Sessions, one commencing 1st January and ending

middle of July, the other commencing 25th July and ending 1st December.

The Trustees own 2,082 acres of good farming land, about 700 cleared, and in good repair; several good dwelling houses, situated on different tracts, houses worth, probably, $3,000. The whole cost of the land $21,500. The above includes the college lands, 1,232 acres.

We have 9 horses, and 2 wagons; 1 yoke of oxen and cart; 33 cows, and 250 hogs.

I forgot to mention we had a very valuable Astronomical, Philosophical, and Chemical Apparatus, excelled by few in the country. The valuation for which we have it insured is $1,500. The school commenced in March, 1835, with 30 pupils, and 2 teachers. G. H. R.

Pauperism. The number of the poor who cannot support themselves is not ascertained. The trustees of the Inferior Court are constituted, by law, the proper guardians of the poor; and they can appropriate money from the county treasury for their support, and, if necessary, levy a tax, equal to one-fourteenth of the State tax, to relieve the necessitous. When there is an indigent individual, he makes his or her wants known, and the Court put into the hands of some respectable person, near his residence, from 40 to 60 dollars, and which is found sufficient to maintain them. In some counties, the poor are boarded by the lowest bidder.

In those counties where there are large town, on account of foreigners, sailors, &c., the tax to support the poor becomes oppressive. Hence, the Legislature, with a noble liberality, have granted from the State treasury such sums as would render the needy comfortable. Savannah has been compelled to support hundreds of the unfortunate, and for this purpose erected a Poor House and Hospital. To this institution the Legislature has made large donations,even $8,000 in one year, and some thousands almost every year. Did ever a heathen or an infidel found an alms-house or establish an infirmary? It is believed that none can be found but in Christian nations.

No man that has health but who can support comfortably a small family, by his own manual labor; yes, let him be industrious six months in the year, and he can support them.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE STATE.

1. Sketch of the Baptist Denomination.-Among the first settlers, in 1733, there were a few Baptists; William Calvert, of Lincolnshire, William Slack, of Ireland, and Thomas Walker, of Northampton, were the most prominent characters. In 1757, Mr. Nicholas Bedgegood, of Mr. Whitfield's Orphan House, which was situated a few miles below Savannah, embraced the sentiments of the Baptists, and soon after was baptized by Mr. Oliver Hart, of Charleston. In 1763, Mr. H. baptized Mr. Benjamin Stirk, his wife, and a few others, to whom Mr. B. administered the Lord's Supper, and afterwards he removed to South Carolina. In 1772 about forty families were scattered over the southern part of the State. In 1770 the Rev. Daniel Marshall began to preach in Columbia county, and in 1772 formed the Kiokee church, the first established in Georgia. While at prayer, he was seized, in presence of his audience, for preaching in the parish of St. Paul, and made to give security for his appearance at Court in Augusta. He stood a trial, and was ordered no more to preach in Georgia. He answered, in the language of the Apostles, "We ought to obey God rather than men. This church was constituted at the present site of Applington; but its constitution was removed three miles north some years ago, where it has a fine brick building, 60 by 40 feet. No church was gathered in Savannah till 1800.

About 1771 or '2, Rev. Mr. Botsford began to preach in Burke and neighboring counties, where he formed a church, now called Botsford's Meeting-house, in 1773, near Waynesborough.

About the close of the war, Andrew, a servant of the