Reflections on Symmetry: In Chemistry-- and Elsewhere

adjacent Figure angles arrangement atomic orbitals axial axis benzene benzene molecule bonds butadiene C₂ carbon atoms chair form Chem chemical chemist chemistry chiral chlorine atoms compound containing COOH corresponding crystal cycloalkane cyclohexane diagram diffraction Edgar Heilbronner electron density enantiomeric enantiomers energy entropy enzyme equatorial equilateral triangles equilibrium example formula four H OH hexagonal highly symmetric hydrogen atoms inversion isomers Kekulé Kepler kind known lower symmetry ment metry operations mirror mirror-image molecular orbitals molecule motion naphthalene object observation obtained one-dimensional box opera particles physics planar Platonic solids possible problem properties quasi-crystals reactions ring rotation rules sense of chirality shapes shown shows side simple space groups space-filling model spatial spherical squares structure substances sum-formula symbols symme symmetry argument symmetry behavior symmetry number symmetry operations tartaric acid tiling tion transformation trigonal bipyramid valencies van't Hoff vase velocity vertices wave functions wavelength X-ray