deposit in which the remains of a juvenile, in a cinerary condition, have been laid out at length, the head to the west and feet to the east, and suspect other similar interments of a like character. Attendant circumstances point towards a transitional period as their date, say that of the Pagan Saxons, but I should be glad to learn whether cremation is known to have been practised subsequent to the general reception of Christianity, or the time of Egbert, sometimes called the Great. H. ECROYD SMITH. CORONATION ROBES OF RICHARD THE THIRD.-In his 'History of British Costume," Mr. Planché says, "Of the coronation robes of Richard [the Third] we have a detailed account in a book, to which is prefixed an indenture witnessing "Piers Courteys, the King's wardrober, hathe taken upon him to purvey by the third day of Juyell next coming, the parcels ensying agaynst the coronation of our Sovereigne Lorde." I shall be glad to know whether the book alluded to is in the British Museum, and if so, would ask, what is its title ? VISCOUNT DUNDEE.-In Wright's "History of Scotland," in giving an account of the death of Viscount Dundee, at the battle of Killiecrankie, it speaks of him as dying immediately after he received his wound, and adds that the Highlanders, who had fought under him, stripped him of his clothes, for the sake of plunder, leaving the gallant nobleman's corpse naked on the field. Is there not, however, a despatch in existence written by Dundee the day after the battle, in which he alludes to his wound, and expresses hopes of recovery? Can any one also inform me whether the ruins of the Church of Blair Athol, where Dundee is said to have been buried, are still standing? And whether there are any indications of the fierce cavalier's last restingplace? T. REED. PRYNNE AND THURLOE.-Prynne, the enemy of ungodly "Stage Players," and author of the "Histrio Matrix;" and Thurloe, the Secretary to Cromwell, are said to be both buried in the curious vaulted space beneath Lincoln's Inn Chapel. Does any inscription to the memory of either of them still remain, or can their graves be identified? An iron railing prevents the examination of any of the gravestones. The arms of Prynne, which would probably be cut on his gravestone, are given by Burke as-Or, a fess engrailed azure, between three escallops gules. Crest-In a coronet, or, an eagle displayed ppr., beaked sable. Those of Thurloe I do not know, and should be glad to ascertain. H. EDWARDS. MARSHAL BUGEAUD.-I have often seen quoted in print a remark, said to have been written by the late Marshal Bugeaud, to the effect that "the English infantry were the finest in the world, and he (the Marshal) considered it a merciful dispensation of Providence that there were so few of them." In what work of the late Marshal's do these words occur, and is there any English translation of it? B. STOVIN. FIGHT FOR THE STANDARD at Marston MOOR.-In a painting which has been often engraved, entitled "The Fight for the Standard at Marston Moor," the said standard bears a human skull and a laurel wreath, with the motto used at Marston Moor, and, if so, to whose regiment did it belong? "One of these." Is such a standard known to have been DAVID ALEXANDER, "NELL."-What is the derivation of the termination "nell," found in so many surnames, as Strugnell, Bignell, Bicknell, etc., and the names of Knell, and Nell? In Lord Byron). I should be obliged of some information on Nottinghamshire we have Hucknall (the burying place of this point. W. STIRLING. FIRST DUKE OF LEEDS.-I shall be obliged if some reader of the Antiquary will furnish me with information respecting the history of Sir Thomas Osborne, first Duke of Leeds, who died in 1712. T. FRY. WHITE HORSE OF WESTBURY.-What is the most commonly received opinion as to the origin of the "White Horse of Westbury," which is so conspicuous an object from the Great Western line? When I walked over it the right hand and the Bible in his left. When the bishop is "in Coppu Magna," or officiating in any diocese save his own, he does not use his pastoral staff. The same applies to abbots officiating in other abbeys. It is borne by the bishop only when he wears his mitre and the sacred vestments, only during the mass, when preaching or giving the blessing. It is borne by him in processions, and at confirmations, ordinations, and other solemn occasions during certain portions of the service; and when not in the bishop's hand, it is carried for him by a boy or server, who wears a white tippet, the ends of which he wraps round the staff, not touching it with the hands. Pastoral staves are of various enriched with precious stones, and about six feet high. The materials, usually silver, gold, or gilded metal, more or less "pateressa" is the pastoral staff of a Greek bishop. The Papal cross is triple, like the tiara, with three transverse beams. The "patriarchal cross," borne by Eastern archimandrates and patriarchs, has two transverse beams, one smaller than that below it. A CURIOUS BROOCH.-A brooch in pewter, 2 inches in diameter, was found in the neighbourhood of Birkenhead a The "eucolpion," or pectoral cross, is a small gold cross, few years back. It is inscribed inversely, "+IHESVS. frequently a reliquary, worn by bishops and abbots round NAZARENVS. LA," in large characters of the fourteenth the neck. Formerly, a sort of scarf made of silk, ornacentury. Can any of your erudite readers explain the mean-mented with cords or tassels, was attached to the handle of ing of the two concluding letters in this inscription? the staff, and may be seen at the South Kensington H. ECROYD SMITH, Museum. SIR HUGH SMITHSON.-Will some reader kindly favour me with any particulars of the life of Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., born 1657, died 1729, and ancestor of the present Dukes of Northumberland; also of his grandson, Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., afterwards Earl of Northumberland, who died in 1786? J. D. GROUT. MOTTO OF THE DAKYNS OF YORKSHIRE.-What is supposed to be the meaning of the singular motto of the Dakyns of Yorkshire: "Strike Dakyns, the devil's in the hempe ?" Replies. S. BRYDE. A. D. BROWNISTS (Vol. iii. 319).-Towards the end of the 16th century a sect of professing Christians arose under the leadership of Robert Brown, a man of some learning, but of an impetuous and fiery temper. He began to inveigh against the order of the Established Church of England about the year 1580, by preaching and zealously diffusing his sentiments wherever he went, especially in the county of Norfolk. In 1592 his followers increased (according to the testimony of Sir Walter Raleigh) to the number of 20,000, exclusive of women and children. In the reign of Elizabeth, the Brownists were much persecuted, which occasioned many of them to fly to Holland, where several churches were established. Robert Brown boasted that for his preaching against the ceremonies of the State Church and her bishops he had been imprisoned thirty-two times, in some of which CROSIER AND PASTORAL STAFF (Vol. iii. 292, 322).—The Northampton his preaching was so offensive that he was cited cells he could not see his hand at noonday. While at terms "pastoral staff" and "crosier" are very often erroneously before Dr. Linsdale, Bishop of Peterborough, who, upon his confounded, whereas (as most Roman Catholics know) there refusing to appear, publicly excommunicated him for conis a distinction as to the use for which they are appointed, tempt. This made such an impression upon the mind of though there is little to distinguish them externally. A Brown that he renounced, it is said, his principles of sepacrosier is the staff surmounted by a cross or a crucifix, borne ration, and having obtained absolution, he was, about the either in front of or by a primate, archbishop, or cardinal. The pastoral staff is formed exactly like the "shepherd's Year 1592, preferred to the rectory of a church near Oundle, It has the form of a crutch, and the shape and from the sabbatarian strictness espoused by his followers he in Northamptonshire. According to Dr. Fuller, far design of the hook or curved head of the staff varies accord- was rather dissolute and a libertine. "In a word," continues ing to the century. Thus, about the 12th or 13th centuries the historian, "he had a wife with whom he never lived, we see the concave bend of the curve enriched with the a church in which he never preached, and as all the other representation of the "Agnus Dei," the "Annunciation," or scenes of his life were stormy and turbulent, so was his the patron saint of the diocese, more frequently terminating end."* in a trefoil. In the previous century they are more simple. struck the constable of his parish for demanding the payment For, being poor, and proud and passionate, he In the 14th century the curved head is crocketed. After of a rate; "and being beloved by nobody," he was sumthat period, and during the revival of classic art, the pastoral moned before Sir Rowland St. John, who committed him staff lacks its richness of design, and in France and Italy the to gaol. The decrepit old man, not being able to walk, was curved head is larger and more bowed out. Specimens of carried thither upon a feather bed in a cart, where shortly staves of various periods may be seen in the South Ken-afterwards he died, in 1630, in the 81st year of his age. sington Museum. The pastoral staff is the outward emblem of episcopal authority, not of jurisdiction or mission (that being symbolized by the Archiepiscopal pallium "). It is worn by archbishops, bishops, and by abbots; also by Benedictine and certain other lady abbesses. The bishop's staff turns outwards, i.e., to the people, and represents external, the abbot's turns inwards, towards the wearer, and represents internal authority. crook.' 66 It is usually borne in the left hand; but in a representation of St. Swithin, figured on the seal of the community of Alverstoke, Hants, he appears holding his pastoral staff in The Brownists subsequently merged in the Independents, of whom Mr. Robinson, pastor of the church at Leyden, is regarded as the real founder. The Brownists considered the discipline of the Church of England to be Popish and anti-Christian, and all her ordinances invalid. Their orders of Church government very much resembled those of the Independents of the present day. * Church Hist., ch. ix. 167. W. WINTERS. + See "Life and Times of Bishop Hall," by J. J. Jones. Mr. Hall will find full particulars concerning the "Brownists" in Mosheim's "Ecclesiastical History," and Neal's "History of the Puritans." Their founder, one Robert Brown, first made himself conspicuous about the year 1580, by inveighing against the ceremonies and discipline of the Church at Norwich, for which he was committed into custody of the sheriff. He afterwards boasted that, in the course of the Elizabethan persecution of the Puritans-he had been in no less than thirty-two prisons, in some of which he could not see his hand at noonday. Driven from England, he and his followers took refuge in Holland, where they founded several churches at Middleburgh, Amsterdam, and Leyden, but disagreeing with his friends, he ultimately returned to England, renounced his principles of separation, and obtained a benefice in the Established Church. For several years before his death, it is said, he lead a very idle and dissolute life. His "sect " had but a brief existence. Divided amongst themselves, they soon became extinct, or more properly speaking, were merged into that of the Congregational Independents, who hold views upon Church government and discipline very similar to those maintained by the "Brownists," though they differ from them in certain other important particulars. W. D. PINK. THE SIN OF KISSING THE HAND (Vol. iii. 308; vol. iv. 10). In the Rev. H. A. Holden's "Minucius FelixOctavius," p. 48, a footnote gives the following information on this very ancient custom :-"It was a common and very old custom of expressing homage to the gods either to kiss their idol, or to kiss their hand to it; probably of oriental descent (compare Job xxxi. 27 with 1 Kings xix. 2). That it was a prevalent mode of performing homage to the gods among the Greeks and Romans may be seen from the subjoined passages:-Lucian de Saltat, § 17: 8πov kal Ivdo ἐπειδὰν προσεύχωνται τὸν Ἥλιον, οὐχ ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς τὴν χεῖρα | Kúσavτes Яyoúμela évteλñ hμŵv elvai Thy euxhy. Plin., Nat. Hist., lib. xxviii. 2: In adorando dextram ad osculum referimus. Tacit., Hist., iv. 28; Apuleius, Metam., lib. iv., c. 28, p. 284, ed. Hildebrand; Cicero, in Verr., Act ii., iv. 43, where the statue of Hercules is said to have, mentum paulo attritius quod in precibus osculari solent. See also a note of Salmasius, in the Script. Hist. August., p. 440; Brisson, ii., de Form., p. 840." H. K. DE VERE (Vol. iii. 319).-Your correspondent, C. Fox, may like to learn the following facts of the De Vere family, chiefly supplied from Suffolk sources, and carrying the family history back to the eleventh century, although he asks for the twelfth and thirteenth centuries more especially. Alberic de Vere held the lordship of Cockfield, Suffolk, before the Conquest. Roger, his younger brother, held it immediately after the Conquest. Abbot Anselm (abbot of Bury St. Edmund's, 1120 to 1148) granted the service of Roger to another, Alberic, at King Henry I.'s request. King Henry II. gave to Bandemar du Boys the manor and moiety of the hundred of Mutford, Suffolk; at whose death these lands descended to Hildeburgh, his daughter, one of whose daughters married Henry de Vere, whose son, also Henry de Vere, died without children, and King Henry III. seized the said manor. During King Edward IV.'s reign, the lordship of Aldham, Suffolk, became forfeited to the crown by the attainder of John, Earl of Oxford, and was granted by the king to Richard, Duke of Gloucester. The De Veres, Earls of Oxford, held the manor of Walsham Hall, in Mendham, Suffolk, from King Richard II.'s time, until their extinction in the male line in 1526. When King Henry VII., after the Battle of Bosworth Field, obtained the crown, John de Vere received from the king the estate and manor of Trimley St. Mary, Suffolk, which had been forfeited during former reigns. The manor of Preston Hall, Suffolk, also belonged to the Veres, Earls of Oxford, until King Henry VIII.'s reign. John, Earl of Oxford, granted the guild of St. Peter in the 2nd year of Edward IV.'s reign, in Lavenham, Suffolk, and the hall wherein they met was in the High-street there. Other items would extend this reply to too great a length. CHARLES GOLDING. SACK AND OTHER "OLD" WINES (Vol. iii. 307).—The origin of the word "sack," as used in the old writers, and the wine to which it applies, is a matter of great dispute amongst antiquaries. Skinner, following Maudesto as his guide, derives the word from "Xeque" a city of Morocco, while there are others who derive it from the French root "sech," " "sec," dry. Neither of these etymologies, however, are very satisfactory. Our modern sherry is believed to be the nearest representative of one kind of ancient "sack," there being several varieties of wine known by that name. We read of "sac," 99.66 sherry sac," and sweet "canary sac," which give us reason to believe that the "sack" wine was a sweet wine. Many people are of opinion, and, too, not without ground, that "ale" was formerly distinguished by this name; and it is not unworthy to note that most of the white wines imported from Spain were commonly called "sack." J. P. S. ORIGIN OF THE BADGE OF THE 17TH LANCERS (Vol. iii. 319). The origin of this badge is involved in much uncertainty I send you, however, two extracts from my military clippings:-1. The badges of various cavalry regiments were at all times, and as at present, merely distinguishing crests; so also, it is believed, was the death's head and the words "or glory," of the 17th Lancers. This, however, we doubt. The probability is that, when hard pressed in some engagement, one of the men, or sergeants, or officers, shouted the words " Death or Glory, Boys," to signify the renewal of the attack, and a determination to die, rather than return from the field otherwise than victorious. The words are most racy, of Hibernian soil, and, if ever uttered, were spoken by a son of that historic land. 2. This badge was adopted to keep alive the recollection of the most heroic and chivalrous conduct of Corporal O'Lavery, during the early American chaste monument records at once his fame, and the gratitude In the parish of Moira, County Down, Ireland, a of his illustrious commander and countryman, Lord Rawdon. J. W. F. war. DRESSES OF THE APOSTLES (Vol. iii. 319).-In Mrs. Jameson's "Sacred and Legendary Art," there is an exhaustive account of both the appropriate symbols and dress of the Apostles and other Saints, as they are delineated in stained glass, and by the old masters. The Madonna is invariably represented in blue, or in red and blue, the red being symbolical of ardent charity, the blue of constancy; sometimes white is used to denote purity. St. Joseph is usually represented in yellow and purple; St. John in red, St. Mary Magdalene in purple (the penitential colour), or sometimes in other colours. Of course painters frequently cast aside conventionalities or symbolism to introduce some effect or contrast in colour, so there is no iron rule with regard to the colours of the Apostles' dresses. A. D. KILBURN NUNNERY (Vol. iii. 308).-The Benedictine Convent at Kilburn formed a "cell" of St. Peter's Abbey, Westminster. It was founded in 1130 by Godwyn, a hermit, and Herebert, Abbot of Westminster, but no traces or ruins exist at the present day. A. D. KILLICRANKIE (Vol. iv. 7).-The following is the commencement of a Jacobite song on the battle of Killicrankie, which was fought on the 17th July, 1689, between James Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, who commanded 3000 Highlanders, and General Mackay, commanding a force of from 4000 to 5000 English and Scotch. Dundee, after a desperate charge on the English, while in the act of extending his arm, to encourage his men forward, received a shot in his side, through an opening in his armour, and he dropped from horseback as he rode off the field. "Clavers and his Highlandmen, &c., &c. And farther on, significant enough of the fight:-- "I faught at land, I faught at sea, This song finishes with a neat specimen of northern sarcasm; in allusion to some who ran away : "Its nae shame, its nae shame, But see a scarce little book called "Jacobite Minstrelsy; with notes containing historical details in relation to the house of Stuart, from 1640 to 1784."-12mo. Glasgow, Printed for Richard Griffin & Co., 1829. If these are the songs P. MCKENNA enquires for, and he cannot meet with them in print, I shall be most happy to send him MS. copies. NUMMUS. EASTER EGGS (Vol. iii. 292).-Being one of the most beautiful and clearest types of the resurrection of the body, the egg was early chosen to symbolize that doctrine. Hence the custom in Christian countries of eggs being solemnly blessed and distributed among the faithful at Easter, and of their being interchanged among friends. A. D. The custom unquestionably originated in the East, and a pagan practice became in early Christian times an emblem of the resurrection. We know that Druidism had many oriental features, and the period of egg presentation may very probably have obtained amongst these peculiar people; but that the custom really originated with them is-and I think likely to remain-an open question. In my "Easter Eggs" (2nd edition) I have done my best to elucidate this interesting usage. W. H. CREMER, Jun. MUGGLETONIANS (Vol. iii. 319).-Those persons distinguished by this title were followers of a journeyman tailor, named Ludovick Muggleton, who attracted some attention as a prophet during the Commonwealth. He was a companion of Reeves, another so-called prophet, of "equal obscurity." These two individuals pretended to absolve or condemn whom they pleased, stating that they were the two last witnesses spoken of in the Revelation, who were to appear at the eve of the final destruction of the world, WAR MEDALS (Vol. iii. 293, 322).-Mr. Duncan has fallen into a slight error by stating that "no one has yet written on naval war medals excepting Mr. J. Harris Gibson," for we have, long prior to the publication of this gentleman's compilation, the works of Evelyn, Vertue, Pinkerton, Hawkins, Nightingale, Nicolas, and others. A complete list of naval war medals, from Elizabeth to Victoria, is, however, only to be found in " Medals, Clasps, and Crosses, Military and Naval," published in 1871, by Surgeon-Major Fleming. MILES. BAPTISM (Vol. iii. 307).-The doctrine of the Catholic Church, as laid down by the Councils of Trent, and other Councils, is that, in case of urgent necessity (ie., where a priest cannot be fetched in time), any one, even a heathen, any man or even a woman can baptize, provided only he have the intention of performing the Sacrament and use the form of words ordained by Christ (St. Matt. xxviii. 19). The last people of all to baptize the child should be the father, mother, or other near relatives. A. D. ROBIN HOOD (Vol. iii. 319).—“ A Ramble with Robin Miscellanea. ST. MARY'S CHURCH, CASTLEGATE, YORK. This venerable edifice which has been so happily rescued from ruin, and restored to its pristine beauty, is now perhaps the In ancient writings it is styled Ecclesia Sancte Marie ad most complete and well arranged parish church in York. portam castri." It is of very early foundation, and is mentioned thus in Doomsday Book," Wil de Perci hath the church of S. Mary." Drake, the historian, says that it is an ancient Rectory of Medieties belonging to the Earls of Northumberland and the Priory of Kirkham, till both were consolidated into one rectory, about A.D. 1400. The Earls of Northumberland presented until 1586; since which time the patronage came to the Crown, and is now vested in the Archbishop of York. During the progress of the work a stone was found in the east wall, supposed to be commemorative of the dedication of the ancient church; the inscription on which has afforded much speculation and conjecture amongst archæologists and antiquaries. This valuable relic is carefully preserved in a case, placed on a pier on the north side of the chancel aisle. This rectory is valued in the king's books at 27. 8s. 6d. There is a pension of 5s. 3d. formerly payable to the treasurer of the church; and a similar one to the Abbey of S. Mary's. Synodals, 3s. Procurations, 6s. 8d. In 1761, the rectory was augmented by the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty, with 2007. by lot; in 1774 with 2007. to meet a benefaction of 200l. from Peter Johnson, Esq., and in 1814, with 1000/. by lot from the Parliamentary grant. The register books commence in the year 1604. SILBURY HILL.-Archeologists will be interested in learning that Sir John Lubbock has lately bought Silbury Hill, the grandest tumulus in Great Britain, if not in Europe. DISCOVERY OF HUMAN REMAINS AT FURNESS.-Some workmen, whilst recently engaged in removing the earth from the limestone which exists at the Butts, Dalton, near Furness Abbey, came upon a large square block of stone. On the removal of this a vault or grave, about six feet long, four wide, and rather more in depth, was discovered, containing human bones, bones of some animal, probably a W. WINTERS. I horse, and a bronze pike-head and double-edged sword. A large slab of stone completely covering one side of the vault having been removed, revealed a small semicircular-shaped crevice, but it was too late to admit of its then being explored. CHEAPSIDE CROSs.-Cheapside Cross, one of the nine crosses erected by Edward I., that soldier king, to mark the resting-places of the body of his beloved queen, Eleanor of Castile, on its way from Lincoln to Westminster Abbey, stood in the middle of the road, facing Wood Street. It was built in 1290 by Master Michael, a mason of Canterbury. From an old painting at Crowday, in Sussex, representing the procession of Edward VI. from the Tower to Westminster, we gather that the cross was both stately and graceful. It consisted of three octangular compartments, each supported by eight slender columns. The basement story was probably 20 feet high; the second, 10; the third, 6. In the first niche stood the effigy of probably a contemporaneous pope; round the base of the second were four apostles, each with a nimbus round his head; and above them sat the Virgin with the infant Jesus in her arms. The highest niche was occupied by four standing figures, while crowning all rose a cross surmounted by the emblematic dove. The whole was rich with highly-finished ornament.From Cassell's Old and New London. - TYNDALE, THE REFORMER.-We understand that a volume of very great interest has recently been acquired for the library of the British Museum, namely, one of the rarest works of Tyndale, the great reformer, and first translator of the New Testament into modern English. It is entitled "The Exposition of the Fyrste Epistle of Seynt Jhon, with a prologge before it: by W. T." Proceedings of Societies. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-At a recent meeting of this society (Professor Newton, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair), the Marquis of Bristol, the Hon. Osbert Craven, Admiral Windham Hornby, Colonel K. Betty, Lieutenant-Colonel E. Hunt, Captain C. Davey, Captain G. F. Heyworth, Mrs. Gladstone, Mrs. De la Rue, and Messrs. F. Green, J. Measure, J. Pearson, T. Kark, B. M. Smith, W. Hale, H. L. S. Wilson, James O. Wulff, T. D. Bayly, C. Croft, C. R. Barclay, L. D. Powles, H. Edlmann, J. H. Hortin, W. Banks, G. A. Fenwick, J. Hoole, A Gibbs, A. M'Kay, A. Nicols, S. Nicholson, F. P. Alliston, and G. S. Clement were elected Fellows. Twenty-seven candidates for the Fellowship were proposed, and ordered to be balloted for at the next meeting of the society. Among the additions to the society's menagerie during the month of May were especially noticed an example of the new Chinese water-deer (Hydropotes inermis), presented to the society by Mr. R. Swinhoe, F.Z.S., Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Chefoo, North China, and two Cretan ibexes (Capra picta), presented by Mr. Thomas B. Sandwith, Her Britannic Majesty's Consul in Crete. but he should not object to ascend with the small engine of 1-horse power which was now exhibited, for the purpose of effecting ascent and descent without loss of gas or ballast. He would, however, take care that the gas did not escape from the bottom of the balloon. He congratulated the members that now everything seemed possible with respect to success in the object which they had in view. A communication from Mr. F. D. Artingstall, of Manchester, upon the hovering of birds, was read by the hon. secretary, and a paper upon Aëroplanes," by Mr. D. S. Brown. This was illustrated by a profusion of models and apparatus, and by one in particular which flew horizontally for a few feet, whereupon Mr. Bennett, from Oxford, liberated a model which flew deliberately and successfully for as many yards with very pretty effect. Mr. Moy then explained that the engine there exhibited, about which so much had been said, was originally designed for the aërial machine, which he had invented. As exemplified by the models which had flown when liberated, there seems no reason to doubt that a superior effect may be attained when the angle of inclination of the machine and the motive power are under man's control. THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY.-At the annual general meeting of this society, held on the 18th ult., the following gentlemen were elected the officers and council for the ensuing year: Robert James Mann, M.D., F.R.A.S., President; Arthur Brewin, F.R.A.S., George Dines, Henry Storks Eaton, M.A., Lieut.-Col. Alexander Strange, F.R.S., Vice-Presidents; Henry Perigal, F.R.A.S., Treasurer; Sir Antonio Brady, F.G.S., Stephen William Silver, F.R.G.S., Trustees; George James Symons, John W. Tripe, M.D., Secretaries; Robert H. Scott, M.A., F.R.S., E.G.S., Foreign Secretary: Charles Brooke, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.C.S., Charles O. F. Cator, M.A., Rogers Field, B.A., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Frederic Gaster, James Glaisher, F.R.S, John Knox Laughton, M.A., F.R.A.S., William Carpenter Nash, Thomas Sopwith, M.A., F.R.S., M. Inst. C.E., Kev. Fenwick W. Stow, M.A., Capt. Henry Toynbee, F.R.A.S., Charles F.R.A.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E., Council. Vincent Walker, F.R.S., É. O. Wildman Whitehouse, LIVERPOOL NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.-The eleventh meeting (Sess. iii.) of this society was held on the Ist inst. The president, Mr. Edward Leighton, occupied the chair. Mr. Selke's paper on "Continental Mint Marks" was unavoidably postponed. The hon. sec. exhibited a new Prussian thaler, struck in commemoration of the late Franco-Prussian War. Obv., Head of the Emperor William, usual titles; rev., a figure of "Germania." Legend: SIEGES THALER, ex:—1871. Mr. H. Ecroyd Smith showed a small silver annular brooch, recently found on the Meols sea-beach, Cheshire, both sides being indented with fourteenth century letters, reading," IHESVS NAZARENYS REX. IVDEO," size two-and-a-half scale of mionnet. The president, in a short address, referred to the third annual report of the Deputy Master of the Mint, on "The Coinage of 1872." On the hon. secretary's announcement that the second part of the society's Transactions would shortly appear, the meeting terminated. The next meeting will be held on the 2nd of September. AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN.-A geney ral meeting of members of this society was held at the Societ of Arts on the 30th ult., under the presidency of Mr. Jam e Glaisher, F.R.S. In reporting progress during the pas year Mr. Glaisher alluded to M. Dupuy de Lome's attempt at balloon propulsion in Paris, and to the late design in Vienna to propel a balloon by means of a gas engine, abandoned, however, for some unknown reason. The Australian Aeronautical Society had now ordered a 4-horse power engine of Messrs. Moy and Shell, who had contracted through this society's honorary secretary, Mr. F. W. Brearey, to deliver it within three months, under the weight, all inclusive, of 40lb. This was intended for a cigar-shaped balloon, now manufacturing at a cost of 1200l. Of balloon propulsion he had not much to say in a favourable sense, | Esq., F.R.S. SURREY ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.-At a meeting of this society held on the 9th inst., the following places were visited :-(1.) Carshalton Church. The architecture and design of this was described by Thomas Milbourn, Esq., and John Green Waller, Esq., offered some remarks on the monuments and brasses. (2.) Merton Church. The history of Merton Abbey was given by Major Heales, F.S.A., and the architectural features and characteristics of the church were described by Ralph Nevill, Esq., A.R.I.B.A. The intrenchment on Wimbledon Common, popularly known as "Cæsar's Camp," was then visited, and a paper on its history and design was read by Robert A. Godwin-Austen, |