LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1873. CONTENTS.-No. 87. THE SEE AND CATHEDRAL OF HEREFORD.-PART I. 209. THE PRESERVATION OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, 215. which is the Author?-Chained Books in Churches. Century Tradesmen's Tokens-The Iron Crown of Italy-Portraits Wanted. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES:-Liverpool Numismatic Society, 219 NOTICES OF BOOKS, 220. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, 220. THE SEE AND CATHEDRAL OF HEREFORD. EMINENT BISHOPS, DEANS, AND OTHER DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH AND DIOCESE. PART I. THE See of Hereford, though not one of the largest, is reputed by Heylin to be the most ancient in England. The introduction of Christianity into this part of Britain dates so far back as the year A.D. 62, but the names of the early British bishops are not recorded. One of them attended the Round Table of King Arthur, and another was present at the Synod of St. Augustine, at Canterbury, in the year 601. In the year 676, the Mercian dominions, of which Hereford was the capital, were divided into the dioceses of Hereford, Worcester, Lichfield, and Leicester; Putta, Bishop of Rochester, being then translated to Hereford, and since that time the prelates of this See have continued in an almost unbroken line of succession. The first Christian church founded in Hereford, and probably its earliest cathedral, was called "The Chapel of our Lady of Fernlege," which was the ancient name of the city, signifying "the Place of Ferns." Usher states that a bishop of Caerffawidd, Hereford, attended an ecclesiastical meeting, convened by the Archbishop of Caerleon, whose seat was afterwards removed to St. David's, A.D. 544. The second cathedral, built chiefly of timber, supposed to be several centuries after the erection of the chapel, and attributed to Putta, was called by the Anglo-Saxons (dedicated to the Virgin Mary) "Our Lady Chapel of Fernley." It was described by Polydore Virgil as "magnificent." It was subsequently destroyed by fire. The next cathedral was erected by Bishop Athelstan, 1012, brother of King Athelstan. This church, a portion of which now forms the entrance to the ancient treasury (recently used as the Chapter House), and the eastern side of the great southern transept of the present cathedral, was destroyed by a large body of Welsh and Irish. The restored cathedral was principally the joint work of Bishops Lozing, 1079, and Raynelm, 1107, in whose time the great tower, choir, and nave were erected. Bishop Giles de Braose, 1200, however, built the original west front, which fell to the ground on Easter Monday, 1788. In place of this, the incongruous terminal of the nave, designed by Wyatt, still disfigures the exterior of the otherwise completely beautiful structure. After the fall of the west front, in 1788, no material alteration was made in the fabric of the cathedral until the year 1840. At the latter date, the restoration, which was commenced under the auspices of Dean Merewether (who died in 1850), was continued and completed by Dean Dawes in 1863. The re-opening of the church was celebrated in the month of June in that year. We are here unable, although it would have been highly interesting to our readers, to enter further into the early history of the cathedral church. With it are associated the names of Offa, King of Mercia, and of Ethelbert, King of the East Angles, and the murder of Ethelbert, in the year 793, by Offa, at his palace at Sutton Walls. This tragedy (one of the most fearful in medieval times) was perpetrated at the instance of Quendreda, consort of the Mercian monarch. This event subsequently led to the rich endowment of the see and cathedral church, at the hands of King Offa, with extensive lands surrounding the city, now in their possession. The body of Ethelbert was soon removed from Marden Church to the cathedral, where it now rests, and the sacred edifice was greatly beautified by King Offa. Bishops of Hereford before the Norman Conquest. The tenure of the see by the above twenty-nine bishops respectively was 522 years (544-1060), averaging exactly eighteen years to each of them. The institution of the first Saxon Bishop of Hereford (whose name is unknown) appears to have been in 544. At this time there was a Christian place of worship attributed to the Romans, and called the Chapel of Fernlege (the place of Ferns). A fragment of a chapel now adjoins the south side of the cloister next to the Bishop's Palace. A second bishop (whose name is also unrecorded) succeeded in the year 601. Putta, the third prelate, an early Saxon bishop,to whom, and his successors, Turtell (691) and Terteras (703) there was formerly a memorial at the south-east end of the cathedral,-who was instituted in 676 (from which year may be dated the regular episcopal succession in this see), is supposed to have erected the first cathedral (on the site of the present church) of timber, the fabric having been destroyed by fire. It was known to the Saxons as "Our Lady Chapel of Fernley." Putta, according to Cuthbert (bishop in 736, and translated to Canterbury in 740), 66 taught the chants of the church, those ancient Gregorian tunes which Augustine had introduced at Canterbury.' Between Putta (676) and Bishop Athelstan (1012) little is known of the prelates, except Cuthbert, who went to Canterbury in 740. Athelstan, the twenty-seventh_bishop (1012-1056), rebuilt his cathedral from the foundations. He was blind for thirteen years before his death, and in the year previous to his decease the city and cathedral were harried by a large body of Irish and Welsh under Aelfgar, the exiled Earl of Mercia. This prelate was buried in his desolated church. Whether or not (between 676 and 1012) the cathedral of Putta was the only cathedral church existing is a matter of very great doubt? MORIALS. (Continued from p. 188.) Leofgar (1057-1060), the successor of Athelstan, "wore LOUGHTON-ITS CHURCHES AND MEhis knepas (head piece) in his priesthood until he was a bishop. He forsook his cloister and his rood (his ghostly weapons), and took to his spear and to his sword upon his bishophood. He then went in the force against Griffith, the Welsh king, and he was there slain, and his priest with him, and Aelnoth, his shire-reeve, and many good men with them, and the others fled." After his death the See was vacant for four years, during which it was under the rule of Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester. Walter de Lorraine (1061-1079) chaplain of Queen Edith, the last bishop prior to the Conquest, was consecrated at Rome by Pope Nicholas II., where he had gone with Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester, on his elevation to the Archiepiscopal See of York. Robert de Losing (1079-1095), the first bishop after the Conquest, is said to have been the most learned of the bishops consecrated by Lanfranc, found his cathedral in ruins, and rebuilt it on the model of the Church of Aix-laChapelle, of which the choir, now existing, is regarded as part of his work. Gerard (1096-1101), translated to York, succeeded Losing, when Roger Lardarius (who died before his consecration), was appointed by King Henry I. He received the temporalities as bishop elect, from the king, by delivery from the king of the pastoral staff. Raynelm (1101-1115) succeeded. He was then objected to by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, who at first refused to consecrate the bishop who had been so invested. This prelate accordingly restored the temporalities to the king, who, enraged by his submission to the archbishop, banished him from the court. This prelate is considered to have completed the church begun by Robert de Losing. Another person called Anselm was Dean of the cathedral 1247–1271. Contemporary with the Bishops Raynelm and Clive, John Middleton was appointed the first Dean of Hereford. Geoffry de Clive (1115-1120) succeeded. "Bonus quidem et ille," says William of Malmsbury, "continentis simusque indifferenter cibus et vestibus quæ minore (Pretio) taxarentur utens; agriculturæ studens." "He greatly improved the lands belonging to the See; but was more careful to increase than distribute, "leaving great stores behind him to no heir." Richard de Capella (Bishop 1121-1127) partly built a bridge over the river Wye at Hereford. Robert de Betune (1131-1141), nominated by King Henry I. in 1120, but not consecrated till 1131, was a member of the noble house of Betune, and had been a canon in the Augustinian Priory at Llanthony. During the troubles of Stephen's reign, Hereford suffered greatly, and the cathedral was desecrated and deserted, and the bishop was compelled to take flight in disguise; but on his return he cleansed and repaired the church. He died at Rheims April 16, 1141, and his remains were brought home and were buried in his cathedral. He was considered one of the best and worthiest bishops of his age; and in addition to great learning, was reputed for his skill in architecture. Gilbert Foliot (1149-1163), abbot of Gloucester, the inflexible antagonist of Becket, "admitted to be a man of irreproachable life, of austere habits, and great learning, was translated to London." He uttered the bitter sarcasm on Becket's consecration as primate: "The King has wrought a miracle, he has turned a soldier and layman into an archbishop." He was amongst the bishops excommunicated by Becket on Ascension-day, 1159, and again in Canterbury Cathedral on the Christmas-day before the Archbishop's murder; and he preached in that Cathedral on the memorable day of King John's penance (July 12, 1174). This bishop died in 1187. TAKING leave of the brasses we return again to St. Nicholas Church, and there find on the floor, near the door, a black slab, the lower part of which is nearly covered with a It records that— brick step. Besides the memorials above mentioned, there are also two others on the floor; one is without inscription, and, originally, held a brass plate and a coat of arms; the other simply denotes-"The family vault of John Ismay, Esq., 1808." Both these slabs are white. There are a few tablets in the building. Four on the north wall commemorate the following persons :-(1.) Mrs. Ann Whitaker, widow of William Whitaker, Esq., obt. 14th Sept., 1770, æt. 50; (2.) Ann Whitaker, only daughter of the above William and Ann, obt. 24th Nov., 1825, æt. 84; (3.) Mary Ann Maitland, wife of John Maitland, Esq., of Woodford Hall, and Loughton Hall, obt. 31st Dec., 1830, æt. 69, and on same, the above John, obt. 22nd Mar., 1831, æt. 77; (4.) Isabella Reavely, of Gower-street, Bedford-square, London, spinster, obt. 15th July, 1822, æt. 76, and cousin Henrietta, only sister of Mrs. Maitland, obt. 3rd Nov., 1832, æt. 68. The same number of tablets occupy the south wall. One is inscribed "to the memory of an amiable woman, Ann Lovat, wife of Samuel Lovat, Esq.," obt. 15th Aug., 1812, æt. 31. The remaining three record respectively the decease of Margaret Lovat, only daughter of John Salt Lovat, late rector of this parish, obt. 23rd May, 1815, æt. 33, buried in Charminster Church, co. Dorset, and, on the same, John Lovat, second and youngest son of the said John Salt Lovat, died in the West Indies, 1801, æt. 20; Nicholas Pearse, Esq., obt. 21st Mar., 1825, æt 59; and Mary, wife of George Cooke, Esq., of Carr House, near Doncaster, daughter of William Hamilton, Esq., of • Ogborne renders this "Geofrey Lie," The two f's in Ieoffery and the e's in "Lee" are graven together, which circumstance probably accounts for part of the error. Debden Green, obt. 17th May, 1840, æt. 67. The only me- in the West Indies, 1782, where he had been present in morial on the west wall, and the last to be noticed here, is a Lord Rodney's and Lord Hood's great naval victories; tablet erected in memory of the Ismay family, viz., Mary Ismay, Henry, a grandchild of Sir Henry, obt. 19th April, 1794, wife of John Ismay, Esq., of Mile End-road, Middlesex, obt. æt. 13 months, and Sarah Catherine, daughter, obt. 17th Dec., 20th Feb., 1808, æt. 61; Sarah, daughter of John and 1826. Other similar mementos- but of an ordinary Mary, obt. 23rd Mar., 1825, æt. 37, the above John, obt. | description-variously situated, are inscribed to the follow10th Nov., 1836, æt. 90, and Mary, eldest daughter, the wife of "Joseph French, of Little Bursted, in this county, died at Chelsea," 11th Feb., 1860, æt. 77 (see tomb). In quitting St. Nicholas', I cannot but feel sorry that the old church should have been disturbed in its entirety. It was but small, and the expense incurred in its repairing would not have been much greater than the amount required to keep the present structure in good order. The old churchyard, partly surrounded by trees, whose friendly branches and foliage seem to shelter and protect the tombs in their vicinity, looks extremely snug and pretty. The old monks certainly had a warm and cozy eye, even as regards the last resting-place of their flock. How many old country churches and precincts do we see located in the prettiest and pleasantest spot the village or parish can boast? Even so is it here. The place seems invested with a peculiar charm, perhaps from the air of desertion it wears, which sheds its influence around-perhaps, from the knowledge of the observer, that in this fast and fleeting age, the old is left for the new, without so much as one lingering look of affection. There are numerous memorials in this churchyard, but few of these are tombs and vaults. The family vault of Mrs. Ann Whitaker, dating from 1770, is the earliest to be seen of this kind, and this is situated in the south-western part of the ground. Over the vault, which is railed in, are two tombs and a marble slab. The tombs record the demise of Mr. John Gorham, late of King's road, Bedford-row, London, obt. 28th July, 1801, æt. 88; Mrs. Rebecca Bliss, niece of the late John Gorham, Esq., obt. 2nd March, 1819, æt. 70; Miss Harriet Barnes, "for many years the constant companion of Mrs. Whitaker and Mrs. Bliss," obt. 4th April, 1823, æt. 44; and Mrs.* Ann Whitaker of Loughton Hall, 24th Nov., 1825, æt. 84. The slab is inscribed to William Whitaker Maitland, Esq., born Oct. 31st, 1794, died July 1st, 1861, "of Loughton Hall and Woodford Hall, in this county." Near this, a tomb also railed in, commemorates the decease of Isabella and Henrietta Reavely, Mary Ann, and John Maitland (see tablets). Here we find that John Maitland was "for many years representative in Parliament of the borough of Chippenham, co. Wilts." In addition to the above, the tomb contains the following inscription to "William Whitaker Maitland, Capt. 49th Regt., and A.D.C. to Major-General Sir Henry Storks, K.C.B., son and heir of William Whitaker Maitland, who died of ague, contracted during the Crimean campaign, 15th Nov., 1856, aged 31 years and 7 days."+ On the east side of the churchyard may be noticed a tomb inscribed to Harry Thomas Powell, son of Thomas and Catherine Powell, obt. 3rd Feb., 1777, æt. 2 years and 9 months, and the "Rev. David Powell, LL.B., brother to the above, of the Chesnuts, Tottenham, obt. 9th June, 1848, t. 78. Close by, another memorial denotes "that within this vault are deposited the remains of Sir Henry Martin, Bart., of Lockinge, in the county of Berkshire, representative in Parliament for Southampton, and comptroller of his Majesty's navy, and an elder brother of the Trinity House," obt. 1st Aug., 1794, æt. 61, and "Elizabeth Ann, widow, daughter of Harding Parker, Esq., of Besborough, co. Cork. She first married John St. Ledger Gillman, Esq., of Gillmanville, in the said co. Cork," obt. 8 March, 1808, æt. 71; also on this is inscribed "Samuel Henry, their eldest son, who died a youth on board his Majesty's ship Prince George, By courtesy. † An elder brother, John, is also commemorated on this tomb. He died in his infancy, 24th Nov., 1823. 66 ing :-Mary Powell, wife of David Powell, Esq., obt. 12th March, 1809, æt. 34 and on the same tomb, David Powell, Esq., "who died by a stroke of lightning," 15th May, 1832, æt. 68, and Grizell, second wife of the above, obt. 21st Feb., 1852, æt. 70; Mr. James Adams, late of Paddington,' Middlesex, obt. 6th March, 1808, æt. 45; Henry Nottage, "late of Chigwell," obt. 16th Oct. 1823, æt. 74; John Briant, Esq., "many years resident of this parish," obt. 5th March, 1823, æt. 68 (this faces the east end of St. Nicholas'); and Mrs. Mary Ann Witherby, wife of John Witherby, "of Debden Hall Farm, in this parish, daughter of John Nicholson, of Cornhill," obt. 15th July, 1837, æt. 36; above, John, obt. 12th Aug., 1841, æt. 48, and Elizabeth Coltman, youngest daughter, obt. 10th Feb., 1844, æt. 6 years and 7 months. But there are two memorials here which deserve a special mention. One lies on the west side of the churchyard, and is an exact representation of a box coffin, carved in white stone. On the top, or lid, is an inscription which records that Charles Lane, Esq., died 10th Nov., 1841, aged 81, and Mrs. Ann Maria, his widow, 8th Aug., 1846, æt. 78. The other, situate close to the porch, and on the north side, is the finest memorial in the yard. It is a stone structure, slightly ornamented, and nearly as large as the porch, and has a sloping ridged roof, which is also of stone. scription facing the west reads thus :— Here rests The in Towards the base of the monument, and near the ground, we read, "Near by, lie those of John her father, son of Jno. Ismay, clerk, vicar of Burch-by-Sands, co. Cumberland, of Mary his wife, and Sarah Ismay, their younger child." (See tablet.) records that "near this stone are the remains of Mary, the A tablet on the east wall of St. Nicholas' (south corner), wife of John Horsley, of the parish of Waltham Holy Cross,' Essex, obt. 20th Oct., 1810, æt. 81, and is further inscribed to Mary Fromont Morris, daughter of Lieut.-General Morris, of the Bengal Establishment, born Oct. 5, 1806, died 17th April, 1817; John Horsley, Esq., 1st April, 1819, æt. 71; and Mary Henrietta Morris, daughter of the above Mary Horsley, obt. 28th July, 1824, æt. 71. Near this is a large bricked vault fenced in with iron railings, the top overrun with grass. This vault, which belongs to the Bazire family,* is well represented in Ogborne's view of the Church, and bears much the same aspect at the present day as it did at the beginning of the present century. It is said that sixteen persons are interred within this vault. (To be continued.) *Now said to be extinct. J. PERRY. Representatives of the two nieces and co-heirs of Edward, 12th Duke of Norfolk, the lineal descendant of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, and Ann Dacre. Co-heirs to the Barony of Furnival. Representatives of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey (ob. 1646), by Alathea Talbot, daughter and eventually sole heiress of Gilbert, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, lineally descended from John, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Maud Nevill, granddaughter and heir of William, 4th Baron Furnival and Thomasin Dagworth. Eleanor Limburg, daughter and eventually heir of Sir Peter de Limburg and Julian Darcy, married Nicholas Bernake, and left three daughters, co-heirs: (1.) Margaret, wife of James Belters of Ketelby, (2.) Agnes, married William Wimbish of Nocton, (3.) Elizabeth, married Sir William Wingfield. (Burkes "Extinct Peerage.") Unless descendants exist of the two grand-daughters and coheirs of Sir Richard Strangwayes (eldest son of Sir James, and Elizabeth Darcy), viz., (1) Maria, married Robert Ros, of Ingmanthorpe, (2.) Joan, married ist John Bygod, 2nd Sir William Mauliverer. This line is said to be extinct, and the representation to devolve upon the descendants of James, next brother of Sir Richard Strangwayes, (Not ascertained.)3 (Not ascertained.) (Probably) Edward Swainton Strangwayes, Esq. Lord Conyers. 5 } Sir Rainald Knightley, Bart. Mrs. Troth Jenkins Sir Bourchier P. Wrey, Bart. 6 (Doubtful.) Probably extinct. Probably extinct. whose heir general is the present Edward S. Strangwayes, Esq., of Alne, co. York. Heir-general of Thomas Darcy, of Aston, by Elizabeth, and daughter and eventually sole-heir of 3rd Baron Conyers-through the families of Osborne, Dukes of Leeds, and Darcy, Earls of Holderness. Co-heirs to the Barony of Fitzwarine. Representatives of the two surviving daughters, and ultimate co-heirs of Edward, 4th Earl of Bath. The Barony of Daubeney was not assumed after the and Baron until the lineal heir male, Giles Daubeney (by descent 6th Baron), was created Baron Daubeney, by patent, 1486. The original Barony should not have fallen into abeyance until the death of Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath, in 1636. The Barony of D'Eivell is of doubtful existence. A single summons to Parliament only having issued to the 1st Baron. The representation of the Leedes family appears to have passed through the families of Pigott and Folkingham of Northall, co. York, and ultimately to have devolved upon that of Hamerton, of Hellifield Peel, co. York. (Vide Thoresby's "History of Leeds.") Mary West, by Sir Adrian Poynings, left two daughters co-heirs, (1.) Mary Poynings, wife of Sir Edward More, of Hertmere, Surrey, whose grandson, Sir Edward More, ob. s.p. when (unless there were descendants of Edward More, son of William, younger son of Sir Edward and Mary Poynings) the representative of this moiety vested in the descendants of Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir Edward More, and wife of Sir Thomas Drew, of the Grange, Broad Hembury, Devon. Their son, William Drew, ob. 1654, leaving daughters. (2) Anne Poynings, wife of Sir George More, of Losely, Surrey, whose greatgrandson Sir William More, Bart., of Losely, ob. 1684, s.p., leaving as his ultimate heir, his cousin, Margaret More, wife of Sir Thomas Molyneux, whose son Sir More Molyneux, of Losely, left eight daughters co-heirs, seven of whom oo. unmarried, and the other, Anne Molyneux, married Charles Rainsford, Esq., but died 1798, s.p., when the representation of the family devolved upon the descendants of the daughters of Sir Thomas Molyneux, and Margaret More. (Vide Manning and Bray's "Surrey," Vol. i. pp. 99, 628.) The co-heirs to the Barony of De la Warr, are also representatives of the Barony of West. "Probably sole heir-general of Thomas Mildmay, Esq., by Mary, sister and heir of Benjamin, 14th Baron Fitzwalter, the heir-general of Walter, 5th Baron Fitzwalter, and Joan Devereux. The Barony of Devereux, though unassumed, was in reality possessed by the Barons Fitzwalter, and should not have fallen into abeyance until 1629. Of Halesowen Grange, Shropshire, great-grandson of William Smith and Anne Lea. • Grandson of Mr. Benjamin Smart, by Mary Woodcock, eldest daughter and eventual co-heir of Walter Woodcock, Esq., and Frances Lea. Mr. Smart is a tenant-farmer at Oatenfields, near Halesowen, on the estate of F. D. Lea-Smith, Esq., the senior co-heir to the Barony. • Grandson of Mr. William Wilmot, of Halesowen, by Anne Wood WM. DUNCOMBE PINK, F.R.Hist.S. cock, second daughter and co-heir of Walter Woodcock and Frances Lea. Mr. Wilmot is a superannuated officer in the Customs. John Green, Esq., of Halesowen, ob. 1868, s.p., was son of John Green and Elizabeth Woodcock, third daughter and co-heir of Walter Woodcock and Frances Lea. His sisters (if living) are (1) Elizabeth, married Edward Walter, of Kingsbury. (2) Maria, married - Meeson, of Albrighton, Shropshire. (3) Frances, married - Wills, of Birmingham. (4) Anne, unmarried. The descendants of the three younger daughters of Walter Woodcock all failed. They were-(1) Frances, fourth daughter, married Joseph Green, of Dudley, but ob. s.p. (2) Katherine, fifth daughter, ob. s.p. (3) Sarah, sixth daughter, married Rev. Thomas Hughes, of Colwall Green, Hereford, and left a son, Thomas Hughes, Esq., ob. 1863. Line failed with Rev. William Lea Briscoe, Dean of Bristol, ob. s.p., only son of Rev. Benjamin Briscoe and Elizabeth Lea. (Vide "Herald and Genealogist," Vol. v. 97, et seq.) Co-heirs to the Barony of Fitzwarine. Representatives of the two daughters of Edward Bourchier, 13th Baron Fitzwarine, and 4th Earl of Bath. Co-heirs to the Baronies of St. Maur and Lovel of Kary. Representatives of the elder daughter and co-heir of Edward, 11th Baron Zouche and St. Maur, The descendants of younger daughter of 11th Baron Zouche supposed to have failed. 19 Vested in the heirs general of Thomas Kirkham, Esq., of Blagdon, Devon, by Cecily Carew, great-granddaughter and heir of Sir Nicholas Carew and Margaret Dynhowd. The representatives of this section are also co-heirs to the Barony of Arcedekne. 11 Representatives of the two granddaughters and co-heirs of Henry, 7th Baron Arundell, by Mary, youngest daughter and co-heir of Richard Arundell Bealing, Esq., of Lanherne, the lineal descendant of Sir Thomas Arundel and Catherine Dynham. 12 Representatives (if any) of the elder daughter and co heir of Richard Arundel Bealing, Esq |