the eyes was highly prevalent. The shape of the greater and died in 1651, leaving two sons, John and (VI.) Robert Knight; the latter left two sons, Thomas and (VII.) Robert, which Robert was born 30th November, 1675, and died in 1744. He married Martha, eldest daughter and co-heir of Jeremiah Powell, of Edenhope, co. Salop, by whom he had, with other children, (VIII.) Robert Knight, of Barrells, co. Warwick, who represented Great Grimsby and Castle Rising in four parliaments, and was created Baron Lux- FALSE HERALDRY (Vol. iii. 292). Doubtless the borough of Shannon 8th August, 1746, and Viscount"false heraldry" exhibited in the tinctures assigned by the Barrells and Earl of Catherlough 30th April, 1763. He author of "Ivanhoe" to the shield of the black knight has married, firstly, Henrietta, only daughter of Henry, Viscount often been noticed; and no less certainly the only explanaSt. John, and sister of the celebrated Viscount Bolingbroke, tion that may have been given, or that can be given, is that by whom he had issue (IX.) Henry, Viscount Barrells, who this is simply an error, arising from a want of knowledge of married the daughter of Thomas Heath, of Stanstead, heraldic rule as observed in England. It is equally an error, Essex, but died without issue 21st June, 1750. The earl arising from a corresponding want of knowledge of heraldic married secondly Lady le Quesne, but had no issue by her. history, to have assigned to that same sable champion any He died 30th March, 1772, when the peerage became true armorial insignia whatsoever; since the systematic herextinct. aldry of England cannot be carried back into the 12th century, the earliest authentic example of the reign of Richard I., being displayed on the second Great Seal, of the lionhearted king himself. Sir Walter Scott, I know not for what reason, evidently had some peculiar weakness for charging sable upon azure; twice, in addition to the shield of the black knight, he makes Lord Marmion's falcon J. P. R., F.S.A. "Soar sable in an azure field." NAMES OF CITY CHURCHES (Vol. iii. 292).-St. Benet Sherehog, so called after a benefactor-Benedict Shorne; the first name becoming Bennet, or Benet, and the surname changing into Shrog or Sherehog. The church was originally dedicated to St. Osyth. St. Catharine (Cree, or Christ). St. Margaret Pattens: this parish was anciently inhabited by patten-makers. St. Michael Bassishaw; Dear, delightful Sir Walter Scott-and the older I become, situated on the west side of Basinghall Street, in the ward and the more frequently I read what the "Author of of Bassishaw (Basing's Haw). St. Martin's Outwich, called Waverley" wrote (two facts which imply the same thing), after the patrons or proprietors, William and John de the more I love the man, and the greater enjoyment I find Oteswich. St. Dionis Backchurch, dedicated to St. Dionis, in his works-was not professed as either herald or archæDionysius, or Dennis, who was converted, it is said, by theologist, or he would have written in a very different style, as preaching of St. Paul at Athens; he is styled first bishop well of the armour as of the armorial blazonry, in his still of that city; Backchurch refers to its position or situation. St. Vedast, in Foster Lane; dedicated to St. Vedast, who was Bishop of Arras, A.D. 539. NUMMUS. PORTRAITS ON COINS (Vol. iii. 280).—In reply to Mr. Thomas Brooks, it is now generally considered by numismatists that the portrait of Alexander III. (the Great) King of Macedon, B.C. 336-323, is the earliest one known on a coin. His head occurs on tetradrachms of Lysimachus, King of Thrace, with the attributes of a young Jupiter Ammon. Such coins may be seen in the Medal Room at the British Museum. HENRY W. HENFREY, F.R.HIST.S., &c. ANCIENT ROMAN STAMPS (Vol. iii, 292, 322).—One of the ancient Roman oculists' stamps was ploughed up by a Mr. Upton, at Wroxeter, near the old wall, in the year 1808. It is of fine green schist, and greatly interesting on account of its shape, which is round, a form very rarely adopted by the Roman ocularii for the stamp. The legend on it (the italics being letters filled in) runs as follows: TIBerii CLaudii Medici DIALIBA num AD OMNE VITium Oculorum EX Ovo. Which rendered into English signifies" Dialibanum (collyrium or salve) of Tiberius Claudius, the physician for all complaints of the eyes; to be used with egg." It was purchased in the year 1859 by E. Botfield, Esq., who presented it to the Museum at Shrewsbury, where, with the numerous other interesting and valuable relics found on the site of ancient Uriconium, it is still preserved. inimitable "Ivanhoe." CHARLES BOUTELL. THE APOSTLES (Vol. iii. 263, 308).-With regard to Peter and Paul, I quote the following paragraph from Bloomfield's " Martyrs," Vol. ii., p. 304 "Among the numerous victims who were offered up for the trial of their faith are usually reckoned Peter and Paul. Peter is said to have been crucified near one of the gates of Rome, his head being placed downward at his own request, as esteeming it too high an honour to suffer in the same attitude as the Lord of Glory. Paul is said to have been beheaded about two years after, near the same spot. Nothing authentic is on record as to the behaviour of these two eminent apostles at the place of execution, nor is it at all certain that Peter really suffered at Rome, or during the persecution"-meaning that under Nero-" though, beyond doubt, he died a martyr." I have never yet been able to trace anything like reliable authority for the statement that Peter was either executed or buried in Rome. SHAGRIT. GLASS (Vol. iii. 235, 295).—It is hardly necessary, with reference to the query on page 235, to note so well-known a tradition as that which Pliny gave with regard to the origin of glass-viz., the sailors fluxing the lumps of soda with sand upon the beach near the river Belus, upon the coast of Galilee; but it may be worth while noting that the sand of this coast is mentioned by Theoprastus as being employed in the manufacture of glass 300 years B.C. A passage in the Book of Job, chap. xxxvii., 18, asks, "Hast thou with him spread out the sky which is strong, and as a molten From this discovery, we may conclude that some one of the Roman quacks was located in the city, where he pre-looking glass?" If the translation correctly represents the pared his medicines, and whence his fame was spread abroad, as the inventor of an eye-salve possessing high medical qualities. Over sixty of these stamps, cut from various kinds of stone (and I believe some are found formed of metal) have been discovered in England, Italy, Germany, and France, which greatly inclines us to believe that, at the period of the Roman occupation of these places, disease of】 original, this would put back the origin of glass much farther; but I can scarcely think it is so. That the Romans, after their conquest of England, introduced glass makers, we have good reason for believing, inasmuch as specimens of the glass of that period have been discovered, and are now in existence. A. DOUBLEDAY. Miscellanea. "I have inches which it was found to contain was below the standard THE SIN OF KISSING THE HAND (Vol. iii. 308).-The at home and abroad in the wars, with their arms embroidered original of a portion of Job xxxi. 27, is generally rendered or otherwise depict. But now (he adds) these "My hand hath kissed my mouth." In the order of ancient 'tabards' are worn only by the heralds, and be called their worship it was customary to kiss the idol that was wor- coats of arms in service." shipped. The Mohammedans at the present day, in their TOMBS OF RICHARD II. AND HENRY III.-At the worship at Mecca, kiss the black stone which is fastened in meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, held on the 26th ult., the corner of the Beat Allah, as often as they pass it in the Dean of Westminster read a very interesting paper on going round the Caaba. If they cannot come near enough the above subject. Dean Stanley, in the eloquent opening to kiss it, they touch it with the hand, and kiss that. An of his paper, said that the ghostly and ghastly associations Oriental pays his respects to one of a superior station by of Richard II. with the legends of Westminster Abbey, tokissing his hand, and putting it to his forehead (see Paxton's gether with his love for the Abbey, made him a prince of Writings on Job," and Pool's Latin " Synopsis.") Dr. especial interest to the historian of that edifice, while there John Gill, one of the best Oriental scholars of the past cenwere circumstances which might endear him to the recollectury, has given a very good account of kissing the hand in tion of the Society of Antiquaries, who, in the last century, connection with the words of Job. According to Herodotus, actually poked their hands through the holes of his tomb to the Arabians, the neighbours of Job, worshipped the sun try and fish out the bones of a king. To historians in general and moon. The Persians were taught by the Assyrians to the fate of Richard is a most interesting subject. sacrifice to the sun and moon. The Canaanites and the seen," says Froissart, "two strange things in my time," and Phoenicians did the same thing; hence one of their cities is he goes on to point out the contrast between the bright becalled Beth-shemesh, the home or Temple of the Sun (Josh.ginning of Richard's reign and its miserable close. Gray's xix. 22.) Job evidently saw the evil of this common prac-well-known lines, beginning "Fair laughs the morn and tice in his day, and thus strove to purge himself of it. soft the zephyrs blow," refer to the same subject, and similar W. WINTERS. was the source of Shakespeare's apposite words, "Come, let us sit on the ground, and talk about the death of Kings." Two sets of bones were found in the tomb of Richard II., female and male. There was no dispute that the bones of the female skeleton were those of Anne of Bohemia; the only doubt was whether the other skeleton was that of the King. The skull which was found, being for the purpose of measurement filled with rape-seed, the number of cubic of English skulls. That settled the question of the size of the skull, but its quality was another thing. However, the conclusion come to by Mr. Richmond was that the skull would agree with the character of the King. The story of the murder of Richard by Sir Piers Exton, who went down to Pomfret with battle-axe men, is a mere legend, and there are no marks of the battle-axe on this skull. It has been suggested that it was the skull of a priest, named Mandelyn, but he was beheaded at least a month before Richard's death, and there are no marks of decapitation here. Sprigs of poplar, a preservative against witchcraft, were found when the tomb was opened. Rushes were still there, and this proved that, although the tomb had been more or less ransacked, it had never been entered. Other things were found in the tomb which were but rubbish cast in by passersby. The tomb of Henry III. had also been investigated. The casting of the effigy is almost perfect, though it is said to be among the first of such castings. The coffin is covered with cloth of gold in one continuous piece, which in turn is covered with dust, and has lost so much of its strength that a small blast would blow away both dust and silk. The grave historic doubts which rested on the subject of Richard II. justified a searching investigation into his tomb; but with regard to Henry III. there was no question, and the gentlemen who had taken part with the Dean in this inquiry, Mr. Doyne Bell, Mr. Percival, Mr. Knight Watson, and others, determined with the Dean that it was better to go no further. The paper being concluded, Mr. Scharf, Mr. Sangster, Mr. Richmond, R.A., and Mr. Octavius Morgan, M.P., took part in the discussion which followed. Mr. Milman gave an interesting account of the discussion as to Richard's fate. He quoted Mr. Benjamin Williams, who had printed a deposition found in the Record Office of a witness examined in the reign of Henry IV. The testimony of this witness was that from Pomfret Richard II. escaped to the Holy Isle, perhaps to the Isle of Lindisfarne, in Northumberland. He was then removed to Scotland, and many plots for his restoration were set on foot during the next reign. 66 THE "TABARDE" INN, SOUTHWARK.-This ancient hostelry, which is about to be sold by auction, and no doubt speedily swept away, though not the veritable tavern in which Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrims were assembled 500 years ago, stands doubtless on the site of that tavern. The first foundation of this inn would appear to be due to the abbots of Hyde, who at a time when the bishops of Winchester had their palace near St. Saviour's Church, naturally fixed their town residence close by. Stowe tells us that in the Middle Ages the High Street of Southwark had many fair inns for the receipt of travellers," and he enumerates, "The Tarbarde" among their signs. The land on which the old "Tarbarde" stood was purchased by the Abbot of Hyde in A.D. 1307, and he built on it not only a hostel for himself and his brethren, but also an inn for the accommodation of the numerous pilgrims resorting to the shrine of "St. Thomas of Canterbury" from the south and west of England, just at the point where the roads from Sussex, Surrey, and Hampshire met that which was known as the "Pilgrim's Way." There can be no doubt that by the end of the fourteenth century the Tabard was already one of the inns most frequented by "Canterbury Pilgrims," or else Chaucer would scarcely have introduced it to us in that character. Stowe also mentions the old "Tabarde" as still standing in A.D. 1598, and four years later we are told by one of Chaucer's editors that the inn and the abbot's house adjoining had been newly repaired and enlarged "for the receipt of many guests." Unfortunately, however, in 1676 the Borough was the scene of a terrible conflagration. Some 600 houses had to be destroyed in order to arrest the progress of the flames, and as the Tabard stood nearly in the centre of this area, and was mostly built of wood, there can be little doubt that the inn actually visited by Chaucer's pilgrims, perished. It was, however, almost immediately rebuilt, and as nearly as possible on the same spot; and although, through the ignorance of the landlord or tenant, or both, it was for a time called, not the "Tabarde," but the "Talbot," there can be no doubt that the present inn, with its quaint old timber galleries and not less quaint old chambers, is substantially the same hostelry as that commemorated by our great early poet. It may be added, in explanation of the sign itself, that, in the language of Stowe, a "tabard" is "a sort of jacket or sleeveless coat, whole before, but open on both sides, with a square collar, winged at the shoulders; a stately garment of old time, commonly worn of noblemen and others, both FLEET PRISON.-This old Bastile in London was abolished on the 2nd of April, 1844, after it had been a prison for debtors for two centuries. In 1727 a committee of the brasses from city churches and objects of antiquarian interest were shown. After the reading of Mr. Wood's paper, a discussion took place, by Mr. J. G. Waller, Mr. Dunkin, the chairman, and others, on the supposed miraculous benefits conferred by various shrines, both in foreign countries and in our own. House of Commons inquired respecting its management, part of the twelfth century were also exhibited. Rubbings of when various extortions and cruelties were discovered. The wardens and jailors were imprisoned for their cruelties. Bainbridge, one of the wardens, was prosecuted and convicted, but escaped punishment. The inimitable William Hogarth's picture of Bainbridge's examination is as well known as Mr. C. Dickens's description of the Fleet Prison in "Pickwick." It appears to have been for many years a hot-bed of mischief, which merited the fate it received in 1844. Proceedings of Societies. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. — At a meeting of this society held on the 26th ult. (Mr. T. Winter Jones, principal librarian of the British Museum, in the chair), a paper was read by the Dean of Westminster on "the Tombs of Richard II. and Henry III.," the substance of which will be found on the opposite page. Before the reading of the paper several new Fellows were formally admitted, and some new gifts and bequests were announced, amongst the latter a volume of the Times for 1789, which, it was stated, is not in the British Museum. Drawings by Mr. George Scharf, and photographs, illustrating the subject of the lecture, were laid upon the table and hung up on the wall. LINNEAN SOCIETY.-The last meeting of the present session was held at Burlington House, on June 19 (George Bentham, Esq., F.R.S., president, in the chair). A number of beautiful photographs of the Botanic Gardens, at Adelaide, South Australia, were brought to the meeting by | Dr. Hooker, for the inspection of the Fellows, and were examined with much interest. A fine specimen of Amomum melegueta (grains of Paradise plant), bearing fruit, was exhibited; the plant had been raised in this country from imported seeds, and, although it had flowered before, no fruit had previously been produced. Some curious specimens of Medicago tribuloides, from Algeria, were also exhibited to the meeting, in which the character of the fruit had been so changed as to closely resemble that of M. elegans and other species. The change was undoubtedly due to the action of a kind of smut, but, so far as was known, the effect produced had not been previously observed. A paper was read by Dr. Duncan, "On the Fertilization of Primula vulgaris, in which he gave the results of a long series of carefully repeated observations, tracing the entire course of the pollen tubes from the stigma to the ovules; the subject being illustrated by drawings upon the black board, enlarged from microscopical preparations. Dr. Cobbold described his own similar observations upon Orchis mascula, which generally confirmed those of Dr. Duncan, and a discussion followed, in which Dr. Hooker, Dr. Cobbold, Professor Dyer, Mr. Currey, and Dr. Duncan, took part. Dr. Hooker read a paper descriptive of a collection of plants obtained by Mr. New from near the snow line on Kilimanjaro, the species being, for the most part, allied to those found on the Cameroons and the mountains of Abyssinia. The president expressed a hope that the next meeting of the Society would be held in their new rooms, to which their library would be removed during the recess. The meeting was then adjourned to November 6th. Four new Fellows were elected. CHEMICAL SOCIETY.-At a meeting held on Thursday, June 19th-Dr. Odling, F.R.S., president, in the chairwhich was the last of the season, nine communications were read, of which the following were the titles:-1. "Researches on the Action of the Copper Zinc Couple on Organic Bodies (III.) On Normal and Iso-propyl Iodides," by J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S., and A. Tribe, being a continuation, in the Propyl series, of the authors' previous researches. 2. "On the Influence of Pressure on Fermentation (part II.) The Influence of Reduced Atmospheric Pressure on the Alcoholic Fermentation," by Horace T. Brown, in which he finds that, under diminished pressure, the progress of the alcoholic fermentation is retarded in a remarkable way. 3. "On Cymene from Different Sources, optically considered," by J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S. 4. "Note on the Action of Bromine on Alizarine," by W. H. Perkin, F.R.S. This reaction gives rise to bromalizarine, an orange-coloured crystalline substance possessing feebler dyeing properties than pure alizarine, the colouring principle of madder. 5. "On Some Oxidation and Decomposition Products of Morphine Derivatives," by E. L. Mayer, and C. R. A. Wright, D.Sc. 6. "On the Decomposition of Tricalcic Phosphate by Water," by R. Warrington. 7. "Communications from the Laboratory of the London Institution, No. XII., On the Nature, and on some Derivatives of Coal-tar Cresol," by Dr. H. E. Armstrong, and C. L. Field. 8. “On a New Tellurium Mineral, with Notes on a Systematic Mineralogical Nomenclature," by J. B. Hannay. 9. "Note on the Relation among the Atomic Weights," by J. A. R. Newlands. The president finally adjourned the meeting until after the recess, congratulating the members on the flourishing state of the society, and on the number and importance of the papers that had been read during the session. SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY.-An extra meet. ing of this society was held on Tuesday last, when the following paper was read :-" The Fall of Nineveh, and the First Year of Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon," by J. W. Bosanquet, F.R.A.S., &c. The following candidates were balloted for :-J. R. Brown, F.R.G.S., M.A.I., R. Brown, junr. (Cambridge), Rev. W. T. Bullock, M.A., H. S. Gifford, Q.C., Alexander Laing, F.R.S., Mrs. Margaret Home Colvin, Lady Douglas, Lady Tite, and Benj. Winstone. SOCIETY FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE FINE ARTS.-This society held, on the 26th ult., by permission of the council, its fourth and last conversazione of the present session, at the Gallery of the Society of British Artists, Suffolk-street, Pall Mall. It was numerously and fashionably attended-the vari-coloured costumes of many distinguished Orientals contrasting vividly with the more sombre de rigueur of our countrymen, adding a tone of picturesqueness to the assembly. The guests, as they arrived, were received at the entrance of the galleries by the chairman (Major Britten), Mr. George Browning, the hon. secretary Mr. William Taylor, LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. and several other members of the council. Among those At a recent meeting of this society (Alfred J. White, Esq., present were Sir John Coode, Dr. Hyde Clarke, Dr. Zerffi, F.S.A., in the chair), a paper was read by Mr. Frederick Wood, Viscomte de Lancastre, Captain Mayne Reid, Chevalier de on "Recent Investigations at Willesden Church," which was Kontski, Mr. Randolph Clay, and many musicians, artists, well illustrated by numerous old engravings of the church and literary men of note. The principal subjects treated of and other portions of the parish, 'rubbings of memorial during the past session have been as follows:-May 1, "The brasses still existing there, and numerous well-executed Temples and Mythology of India," by Captain E. D. Lyon. photographs of the exterior and interior, as also of parts May 15, " Beethoven," by Herr Ernest Pauer. May 22, exemplifying the curious Norman remains of part of the "The Art Treasures of Italy," by George Browning. May 28, edifice, and the ancient Norman font, certainly of the early"Form and Emotion," by H. C. Selous. June 5, "Some of the Remains of our Remote Ancestors in Western Britain," by Richard Burchett. June 19, "The Value of Natural History Studies to the Artist," by Professor Allman, F.R.S. At this meeting there was no lecture, but the importance of those already delivered may be gathered from the above list. The selection of vocal and instrumental music, in conjunc-poems, such as "The daughter of Herodias." This really fine work tion with the exhibition of interesting pictures, whiled away a few hours most pleasantly. The sixteenth session will commence in January next. SOUTH OF ENGLAND LITERARY, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY. - This society recently held its annual excursion. The members proceeded first to Titchfield Church, a good specimen of Norman architecture, and containing some remarkably fine monuments, and afterwards to Titchfield Palace, formerly a seat of the Earl of Southampton, and now a beautiful ruin, renowned chiefly as being the place where Charles I. resorted after his escape from Hampton Court, and whence he was conveyed to Carisbrooke Castle by Colonel Hammond. After spending some time in admiring this venerable relic of a mansion of the sixteenth century, the party proceeded to Porchester Castle. An interesting paper on Porchester, giving a brief account of the locality and tracing the history of the castle from the most ancient times, was then read by the Rev. E. Kell, and will be printed in our next. The thanks of the meeting were presented by the president (Dr. de Chaumont) to Mr. Kell, who afterwards accompanied the party to examine the various parts of the castle. The botany connected with the castle was illustrated by the Rev. H. Hawkes, F.L.S., of Portsmouth. Notices of Books: Cæsar in Britain. By Thomas Kentish. London: Pickering. 1873. "Who, not unconscious of the power Perchance, too, of the homage vain," Of her engrossing beauty ended; 15 Glanced round alike with careless eye On all, as meaning to imply Her fixed resolve from passion free, To sway, as yet, the hearts of many, Nor preference entertain for any.' The poem concludes with the eventual victory of the Britons, and the subsequent flight of the Romans to Gaul. The book is an interesting and valuable contribution to the literature treating of our early times and history; and Mr. Kentish may be congratulated upon the selection of so unhackneyed a subject, and one so capable of variety of treatment. An Epic of Women and other Poems. By Arthur W. E. O'Shaughnessy. London: Hotten. WHAT distinguishes Mr. O'Shaughnessy as an intellectual poet, is the full and masculine grasp which he is capable of taking of the subject he selects for his verse. Of aspiration there is little or none at all. Probably the school to which he belongs would reject any visible and evident moral effort as æsthetically and artistically censurable. The deification of the senses is the chief point aimed at; and certainly in the carrying out of this, the poet displays a strength of colouring, and a power over words which impel the reader onwards. But this applies, of course, only to the best and most noticeable of the poetic art is remarkable for its daring and subtly-drawn picture of gorgeous sensuousness; yet, strange to say, at the same time for its appreciation of the pure, saint-like nature of a St. John the Baptist. In this subject Mr. O'Shaughnessy has found a theme evidently to his mind and well calculated to display his abilities. "Cleopatra" also shows a poetic faculty of no mean order. The "Epic of Women" is the best part of the volume. The series of poems comprising this, winds up sorrowfully enough in the lament over a lost life, to a dead mother. It would be unjust not to acknowledge the decided evidences of genius in Mr. O'Shaughnessy's works, but for further efforts we would counsel bona fide study of real life, and the plain work-day world we live in. The healthy atmosphere and daylight of these are invigorating as well as inspiring. Auswers to Correspondents. T. Kenett-Mathieu de Montmorency, surnamed "The Great," was Constable of France, under Philip Augustus and Louis VIII. and played a distinguished part in the wars with England. He died in 1230. W. Webster.-The sect of Angelites derived their name from Ange licum, in Alexandria, where their first meetings were held. They are also known by the names of Theodosians and Severites; from Theodosius, whom they made their pope, and from Severus their head. J. H. (Leeds). The license was granted to Sir Hugh in 1336. Thos. Goode. He is descended from William Williams, of Chwaine Issa, Anglesey, who is descended from Cadrod Hardd ("The Handsome"), of Tremadgo. The latter was lord of Talbybolion about A. D. 1100. T. M.-Writers differ as to the locality, but the most usually accepted opinion is that Bury St. Edmunds was the site. S. Snead. The book was printed in 1598, and is very rare, as but three or four copies are now known to be in existence. Geo. Fletcher-The Angli, a German nation, were originally a branch of the Suevi, who settled in Denmark. This nation, according to Rapin and several other writers, gave the name of English to the subjects of Egbert early in the ninth century. H. J.-"Rule Britannia" was written by Thompson, and set to music by Dr. Arne. B. A.-Domesday Book was compiled under the direction of William the Conqueror, and in accordance with the resolution passed at the council held in Gloucester in 1085. K. R. J.-The word "parvise" is usually applied to the room over the porch of a church. In France it signifies the open space round cathedrals and churches. L. J.-Sir Robert Long, Secretary to Charles II. during his exile was created a baronet in 1662, and died unmarried. T. R. S.-Mrs. Southey was the author of the lines you quote. NOTICES. Correspondents who reply to queries would oblige by referring to the volume and page where such queries are to be found. To omit this gives us unnecessary trouble. A few of our correspondents are slow to comprehend that it is desirable to give not only the reference to the query itself, but that such reference should also include all previous replies. Thus a reply given to a query propounded at page 4, Vol. iii., to which a previous reply had been given at page 20, and another at page 32, requires to be set down (Vol. 111. 4, 20, 32). We shall be glad to receive contributions from competent and capable persons accomplished in literature or skilled in archæology, and generally from any intelligent reader who may be in possession of facts, historical or otherwise, likely to be of general interest. Communications for the Editor should be addressed to the Pub lishing Office, 81A, Fleet Street, London, E.C. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1873. CONTENTS.-No. 71. LONDON RIOTS:-Sixty-six Nights of the O. P. Riots, 13. when Kemble, the arrogant manager, appeared in "Macbeth," which was to be followed by the musical farce of "The Quaker." The house was full by six p.m., but Kemble's address was hardly listened to; neither Kemble, Mrs. Siddons, nor Charles Kemble, were tolerated in Macbeth, and the uproar soon began of: "Off, off! Old Prices! No Catalani-no rise." The actors performed in dumb QUERIES:-Robert Tidir, 18-"The Roll of Caerlaverock"Cremation of Human Dead-Coronation Robes of Richard the show, the audience in the pit hissing, yelling, groaning, howlThird-Northumberland House-Fire-Claw-Historical Querying, barking, braying, moaning, hooting; every wild beast of Stone Coffins-Derivation of the Word" Stime"-Maces-Vis- the forest seemed to be there, and all gone mad together. count Dundee-Prynne and Thurloe-Marshal Bugeaud-Fight for the Standard at Marston Moor-"Nell"-First Duke of Leeds They turned their backs to the stage. The farce terminated -White Horse of Westbury-Crest and Motto of the Way Family about eleven, but the audience remained till one, crying -The Rock Circles of Northumberland-A Curious Brooch-Sir Managers! Old Prices!" brandishing sticks and kicking Hugh Smithson-Motto of the Dakyns of Yorkshire. the benches. This continued till two magistrates (Nares REPLIES:-Crosier and Pastoral Staff, 20-Brownists-The Sin of and Read) appeared on the stage and made as if they would Kissing the Hand-De Vere-Sack and other "Old" Wines-read the Riot Act. Then a great cry from these frantic Origin of the Badge of the 17th Lancers-Dresses of the Apostles -Kilburn Nunnery-Killicrankie-Easter Eggs-Muggletonians people arose of-War Medals-Baptism-Robin Hood. 66 "No magistrates! Off, off! Let Harris come, or send MISCELLANEA:-St. Mary's Church, Castlegate, York, 22-Silbury John Philip Kemble. Off, off! Enough." Hill-Discovery of Human Remains at Furness-Cheapside Cross-Tyndale, the Reformer. The gallery people now began to complain that they PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES:-Zoological Society of Londor, 23-Aero-were thrust into pigeon holes, and the upper boxes chimed nautical Society of Great Britain-The Meteorological Society-in, till, eventually, a seat gave way and was broken down. Liverpool Numismatic Society-Surrey Archæological Society. NOTICES OF Books, 24. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, 24. LONDON RIOTS. SIXTY-SIX NIGHTS OF THE O. P. RIOTS. BY WALTER THORNBURY. THESE extraordinary riots, which lasted sixty-six nights, have never been described with any great exactitude. The rare little book in which the only complete record of them exists is entitled THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND TERMINATION of the O. P. WAR, IN POETIC EPISTLES, or HUDIBRASTIC LETTERS, From Ap Simpkins in Town to his friend Ap Davies in Wales; including All the best Songs, Placards, Toasts, &c., &c., Which were written, exhibited and given, on the occasion; With Illustrative Notes, BY THOMAS TEGG. Arma Virumque Cano. LONDON: Published by THOMAS TEGG, III, Cheapside. 1810. This scarce little volume of 179 pages is written in very fluent Hudibrastic verse, and is not unworthy of Combe, the author of "Dr. Syntax," to whom it is by some attributed. The placards and songs of the rioters exist nowhere else to my knowledge, in their entirety, and they now have to a certain degree an antiquarian value. The riots originated from the following causes :- -On September 20, 1808, Covent Garden Theatre had been burnt down, and it was rebuilt at the vast expense of about 150,000l. Eager to recuperate himself for his losses, Kemble fixed the new prices at 45. for the pit, instead of 3s. 6d., and 75. for the boxes, instead of 6s.; the 2s. and Is. galleries being alone left at their former rates. The theatrical public were deeply moved at these innovations, and determined on rebellion. In at once dashed two or three red-waistcoated Bow Street runners, who rushed on several gentlemen and dragged them out by their torn coats. Then a bell was heard to ring, and fire-engines were wheeled on to the stage to the increased frenzy of the malcontents. The introduction of the fire-engines on the stage, says our author generously, was, it is asserted, the result of a mistake. Engines were kept in the theatre and placed on the stage after the evening's performances, in case of danger, particularly as the fire offices had refused to insure the house to the full amount. Mr. Kemble, perceiving from his private box that the audience were not gone, ordered the bell to be rung for the stage lights to be replaced. This order was misunderstood by the prompter, and instead of the lights, the engines were brought upon the stage. Certainly they might have been originally brought on to intimidate the malcontents, yet without the manager's knowledge. Then arose a hurricane of hisses, groans, and cries, whilst some of the more violent rebels in the pit formed a ring, and, dancing like demoniacs, sang "God save the King," moreover, as the poet says: "While performing these wild feats They played the devil with the seats." Then, wishing the managers ironically good-night, they broke up. On the Tuesday the "Beggar's Opera" was played, but no one even pretended to listen. The mob had now discovered a new grievance-the third tier of private boxes (for base purposes as they alleged) were let by the year, and thus a great monopoly had been established. The cry for "Old Prices" drowned every word and song in the farce of "Is he a Prince?" Ladies, alarmed, began to leave their seats, on which tremendous scuffles arose, and blows were struck. Then a rush was made for the stage, on which suddenly appeared a band of constables, who, being loudly hooted, made their exeunt in a huff. ""Twill be," says our poet-" such hopes this war affords But the attempt to storm the stage was soon defeated by At this crisis, up rose an orator in the middle boxes, and addressed the house. He, as a British subject, would not, he said, have objected to the proprietors' new prices, if they had come forward candidly, and proved their need, the insufficiency of the old charges, and the general benefit that would ensue. This monopoly was a gross imposition, the taxation most unjust, and only for the benefit of a few The theatre opened on Monday, September 18, 1809, | nabobs who had large salaries derived from the public. If |