crisp, or regaining its former flexibility, according as the person either dies or recovers. Oftentimes these cauls become hereditary, being handed down from father to son (especially if it has been born in the family), and are regarded by their respective owners with as much superstition as if the caul-born person was living. It is not a rare thing to see these curiosities of nature advertised for sale in local papers, especially if there be a seaport near. About six months ago I observed in the Liverpool Mercury three of these membranes advertised for sale at one time, and varying in price from 30s. to 27. 25., which latter is the maximum price I have ever seen attached to such advertisements. J. P. S. DIES IRA (Vol. iv. 55).—The authorship of this beautiful Latin hymn has been ascribed to various persons; but it was most probably composed by Thomas de Coelano or Celano, a Franciscan monk, who died about the year 1253. It was admitted into the service of the Church in the fourteenth century, and was made a part of the Requiem, or mass for the souls of the dead. Several alterations were then made in the text; but the original reading is believed to be that which is engraved on a marble tablet in the church of St. Francis at Mantua. The hymn has been frequently translated into English, by Lord Macaulay, Lord Lindsay, and others. F. A. EDWARDS. RULES OF THE ROAD (Vol. iii. 307).—The quotation as made by myself in "Cassell's Recreator" is not an error on my own part. I have heard the same version of the adage ever since I was a lad. Also, I have heard the versions of the same code which "J. H. T. " quotes, the former the oftener. I use the former as being the more brief. The more simple and curt an adage is, the more likely is it to hold in the memory of hearers. Another ver sion is "The right's the wrong, The left's the right; The rule of the road, A paradox quite." I will not pretend to say which of the three was the original. The main principle is that the doctrine is the same, and the double entendre which inculcates it is also the same in each. WAT BRADWOOD. THE CAKE HOUSE IN HYDE PARK (Vol. iii. 319).See Larwood's "Story of the London Parks." The building in the middle of the park in which one of the keepers took up his residence at the time when there were two of them, the other residing in the lodge near Hyde Park Corner. But in the reign of Charles II. it served as a drinking-house, or a place were refreshments were sold, and was sometimes called Price's Lodge, from the name of George Price, the chief under-keeper. Like everything connected with the park, it is frequently mentioned by the dramatists of that reign-for instance, in a play of Howard's (1674)—" Nay, 'tis no London female, she's a thing that never saw a cheesecake, a tart, or a syllabub at the lodge in Hyde Park." In Queen Ann's time it was more generally called the Cake House or Mince-pie House, and according to the fashion which still continued to prevail, the beaux and belles used to go there to refresh themselves. The dainties which might be obtained there in the reign of George II., are thus enumerated in a little descriptive poem of the period :— THE WHITE HORSE AT WESTBURY (Vol. iv. 19).—The White Horse, at Westbury, in its present form, is of a comparatively modern date, having been greatly altered and "restored" in 1778. The one that was there before, was much smaller and ruder, and is known to have been of great antiquity. According to popular tradition, it was cut to commemorate the victory gained by Alfred the Great over the Danes at Ethandun, A.D. 878. This is supposed by Camden, Sir R. C. Hoare, and other antiquarians to be the same as the village of Edington, which probably at that time extended to the foot of the hill on which the White Horse is cut. The ancient entrenchments, referred to by Mr. Dakin, were most probably the stronghold of the Danes, to which they retreated on their defeat, and which is now known as Bratton Castle. This camp is of an irregular oblong shape, eastern side longer than its western. It is formed by a having its longest sides facing north and south, and its double rampart, in some places still 36 feet in height, and tion, being situated on the very brow of the hill, overlooking enclosing about 23 acres. It has a very commanding posithe valley. It has two entrances, one, the principal, on the south side, and the other at the north-east corner. The extreme length of the horse from head to tail is 175 feet; the height from feet to shoulder, 107 feet; and the circumference of the eye 25 feet. F. A. EDWARDS. THE PINK, PINKE, OR PYNKE FAMILY (Vol. iv. 78).— Although a descendant of this family (my grandfather came from Alton to London early in the present century), I regret that I am unable to furnish your correspondent with the information he asks. The family was long seated in Hampshire, in which county branches of it are still located. Beyond this circumstance I know but little of a definite character; but I have always understood that the Alton branch of the family is the eldest,-that another branch emigrated to the West Indies about the middle of the last century (and, possibly, may be there still), while a third resides, or did reside, in Northamptonshire. If your correspondent has elicited anything respecting the family, beyond what is stated in his query, I shall be glad if he will communicate the same, and possibly I may be able to add something further. A kind of tradition exists that, originally, the family came from Northamptonshire. If this were so, might it not be possible that it had some connection with the old Baronial House of Pynckney or Pinkney, which for many ages, up to the fourteenth century, was seated at Wedon, in that county? The transition from "Pynckney" to "Pincke," thence "Pink," is not unlikely. W. D. PINK. SIR HUGH SMITHSON (Vol. iv. 20, 56).-Permit me to add a note respecting a most famous son of Sir Hugh Smithson. Sir Hugh was the father of an illegitimate son by a woman called Mrs. Elizabeth Macie, said to have been of the Wiltshire family of Hungerford. The son was named James Lewis Macie. Little is known of his early life, except that he received his education at Oxford; that he was well acquainted with Cavendish, possessed a considerable knowledge of chemistry, and contributed to the "Philosophical Transactions' on that subject. He was proud of his descent, but very sensitive at having been born on the wrong side of the blanket." He had an ambition during his life, which, as it came from an American, will sound very ambitious indeed to people on this side of the Atlantic; yet it is one that is being rapidly, and to all human appearance will eventually be, gratified. To use his own words, it was "to leave a name that would live in the memory of men when the titles of the Northumberlands and the Percies are extinct or forgotten." Mr. Smithson was never married, yet he was very desirous that his name and family should live after him, and accordingly he left all his property to the child or children, legitimate or illegitimate, of his nephew― failing such issue then for the purpose which is destined to the forty-eighth year of his age. Cromeck states that the ballad was originally written by Lowe in the Scottish dialect, and afterwards given in the English form, by which it is now universally known. Mr. C. K. Sharpe, however, who had better means of knowing, says this was not the case, the Scottish version being one of Allan Cunningham's modern antiques he so liked to palm off when he had the chance. "Three stormy nights and stormy days The air to which "Mary's Dream" is sung is very at Washington under the name of The Smithsonian In- beautiful. It is comparatively modern. Author not known. stitution,' for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." He left about 120,000l., and Congress, who ad-lines which come in before the last four quoted by O. B. To render the ballad complete, I beg to supply the twelve minister the estate, have built and carry on "The Smithsonian Institution at Washington, whose fame already is not confined to English-speaking lands. By Act of Congress, a copy of each book, map, or print for which the author desires a copyright, must be delivered to the Smithsonian Institution as well as to the Congress Library. The Smithsonian Institution hitherto has produced good fruit, and as its scope is broad and universal-" the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,”—the proud ambition of its founder will doubtless be realized. H. WRIGHT. EISTEDDFOD (Vol. iv. 94).-I believe the first modern Eisteddfod was held at Caerwys, May 26, 1568. Pennant ("Tour in Wales," quarto edit. vol. 1. p. 433) gives an account of it; but if Mr. Lloyd wants the origin of Eisteddofau, Mr. Pennant will tell him they were "the British Olym pics.' By the way, after for many years, placing the final "s" to the word Eisteddfod, to render it into the plural, our newspaper correspondents this year, some of them write "Eisteddfodan," and on the strength of this Punch, the other day, in some lines to the Welsh Harp, gives "Poor Mary Anne, as a rhyme to the word. Mr. Shirley Brooks, I fancy, must be taking his well-earned holiday, for he knows Wales too well to fall into such an error. ASKEW ROBERTS. ETYMOLOGY OF THE RED SEA (Vol. iv. 98).--Allow me to add another supposed reason for the name, Red Sea or Sea of Edom (the red man). Esau was so called, not because he was ruddy in complexion, or had red hair like our Rufus, but because he sold his birthright for a pottage of red lentiles (Gen. xxv. 30). In the Bible, the Red Sea is generally called the sedgy sea (yam-suph), because the wind drives into it a vast quantity of sedge or sea-weed. -See Brewer's "Phrase and Fable," 2nd. edit. 741. FREDERICK RULE. AUTHOR WANTED (Vol. iv. 77).-The Scottish ballad, "Mary's Dream," partly quoted by O. B., was written in 1772 by Mr. John Lowe, a native of Kenmure, in Galloway, south of Scotland. His father was gardener to Mr. Gordon, of Kenmure, and he was educated at the parish school of Kells. When fourteen years old he was apprenticed as a weaver to a Mr. Heron, whose son, Robert Heron, was the author of a "History of Scotland," a "Life of Robert Burns," and other works. He, however, soon left the loom, got additional instruction from Mr. Mackay, schoolmaster of Carsphairn, and afterwards went to the University of Edinburgh, to study for the Kirk. He became tutor in the family of Mr. McGhee, of Airds, and there he composed this song, as well as others now lost. It seems that Mary, one of Mr. McGhee's daughters, was engaged to Mr. Alexander Miller, a surgeon, who was unfortunately lost at sea, and on this event he composed his beautiful lyric. In 1773 Mr. Lowe went to America, and became tutor in the family of a brother of General George Washington. Afterwards he opened an academy at Fredericksburg, Virginia, which he left on being ordained a clergyman in the Episcopal Church. His next step was an unfortunate one: he married, his wife being a Virginian lady, and her gross misconduct was such that it broke his tender heart; and so he died, in "E'en then, when horror chill'd my blood, So, Mary, weep no more for me. "O, maiden dear, thyself prepare, We soon shall meet upon that shore H. WRIGHT. The author of the ballad entitled "Mary's Dream," of which the one quoted is a very poor version, was John Lowe, is prefixed to another version in "Songs of Scotland," puba native of Kenmure, in Galloway. A short account of him lished in Glasgow, by Ogle & Co., in 1871, and later by Hogg. The original ballad, which is much more Scottish in its language and style, is to be found in the "Universal Songster," published by Fairbairn, Vol. 3, p. 213. It is much longer than the one quoted by O. B., and commences with the following lines "The lovely moon had climbed the hill, J. H. BURNEY. WAYZ-GOOSE (Vol. iv. 67, 96).—The celebration by most of the London printing-houses and newspaper establishments of the annual wayz-goose is of very ancient date, probably as old as the time when William Caxton practised typography in a house now called the Almonry, near the western door of Westminister Abbey from 1476 to 1491, when he died. Randle Holme, a writer in 1688, says: "It is customary to make every year new paper windows in Bartholomew-tide (August 24), at which time the master printers make them a feast called a wayz-goose, to which is invited the corrector, founder, smith, ink-maker, &c., who all open their purses and give to the workmen to spend in the tavern or ale-house after the feast, from which they begin to work by candlelight." VERITAS. PENGARSWICK (Vol. iv. 85).—When in the south of Cornwall in the summer of 1871, I paid a visit to this neglected old ruin. Whilst there the following legend was related to me by a friend residing in the neighbourhood. A merchant having acquired a large fortune at sea, returned to this country, and landed near the spot where the castle now stands. Not having decided when he should settle down to enjoy his fortune, he loaded an ass with his gold and determined to build his castle where the ass first rested. The weight of the gold soon caused the poor animal to break down, and on the spot where he fell, the merchant fulfilled his promise by erecting the castle. This is said to have happened in the reign of Henry VIII. The castle was purchased by Mr. Millton in the latter part of this monarch's reign. The tower of the castle is about 60 feet high. The name is pronounced, and, I believe, generally spelt Pengersick. It is supposed to be derived from Pen-giverasike, signifying head ward of the cove. F. A. EDWARDS. BROWNE OF ELSING (Vol iv. 42, 83).-Will you allow me to thank Mr. Pratt for his reply to my question, and to ask him for a little further information. In the only copy of Burke's "Landed Gentry "that I have at hand, "Browne of Elsing" does not appear; but a correspondent in the "Herald and Genealogist" (vol. iii. 191) writes, "of the extinction of the Brownes of Elsing there can be no reason able doubt." I assume, therefore, that it is through females, that Mr. R. C. Browne represents the family? Until the termination of the abeyance of the Barony of Hastings in 1841, the heir-general of this family represented one moiety of that barony, and is still a coheir to one moiety of the Barony of Foliot, if not to others, also. SHAKESPEARE.-One of the mysteries of Shakespeare's life is at length solved. Some time ago, Mr. J. O. Halliwell had the good fortune to discover a remarkable and unique series of documents respecting the two theatres with which the poet was connected. They included even lists of the original proprietors and sharers. Shakespeare's name does not occur in those lists. Mr. Halliwell has now furnished us with the texts of those passages in which the great dramatist is expressly mentioned; notices far more interesting than anything of the kind yet brought to light. The sons of James Burbage are speaking in an affidavit. They tell us that, after relinquishing their theatrical speculations in Shoreditch, they "built the Globe with summes of money taken up at interest, which lay heavy on us many yeeres, and to ourselves wee joyned those deserving men, Shakspere, Hemings, Condall, Phillips, and others, partners in the profittes of that they call the House." As to the Blackfriars, they say, "Our father purchased it at extreame rates, and made it into a playhouse with great charge and troble, which after was leased out to one Evans, that first CREST AND MOTTO OF THE WAY FAMILY (Vol. iv. sett up the boyes commonly called the Queenes Majesties 20, 45, 69).—I have a small vignette engraving, on steel, Children of the Chappell. In processe of time, the boyes representing a landscape, in the foreground of which, is a growing up to bee men, it was considered that the house would knight armed cap-a-pie, with his sword and shield by his be as fitt for ourselves, and soe purchased the lease remainside. The ensigns upon the shield may be blazoned thus:- ing from Evans with our money, and placed men players, Quarterly, first and fourth-azure, three lucies, haurient, which were Hemings, Condall, Shakspeare, and Richard argent; second and third-sable, two bars, argent, each Burbage." These important evidences contradict all recent charged with three bendlets gules. Beneath is engraved-theories and opinions respecting Shakspeare's business Gregorius Ludovicus Way. This vignette is pasted inside connection with the theatres.-Athenæum, August 23. the cover of a work entitled A Display of Heraldrie," by John Guillim, Pursuivant of Arms. The Sixth Edition. MDCCXXIV. J.L. G. W. D. PINK. IMPRESSING CHORISTERS.-The aid of the press-gang in manning the navy survived to a comparatively recent date, but it is not very commonly known, although several of our old writers allude to the practice, that Minstrels and Singing Children were impressed into the service of the crown; and that in the "good old times" children were liable to be taken from their parents and homes to become choristers in the royal chapels. Wharton mentions a decree, temp. Henry VI., for "pressing ministrels," and Strype states that (A.D. 1550), à commission was granted to Philip van Wilder, gentleman of the Privy Chamber, "to take to the king's use "in "annie churches or chapells within England, such and so many singing children and choristers as he and his deputy thought good." And in the next year, the master of the King's Chapel had license "to take up from time to time as many children to serve the King's Chapel as he shall think fit." Thomas Tusser, writing in Queen Elizabeth's reign, thus bewails his own fate in this respect : "Then for my voyce I must (no choice) Such child to take For time so spente I may repente, And sorrowe make." LONDON'S PROGRESSE.-The following effusion, called "London's Progresse,” appears in a collection of Epigrams written by Thomas Freeman, a native of Gloucester, and published in 1614, 4to, under the title of "Rubbe and a Great Cast: and Runne and a Great Cast." "Why how now, Babell, whither wilt thou build? Saint Katerne, she takes Wapping by the hand, I think she means to go to Islington, To eat a dish of strawberries and creame. Where she neede feare nor Mayor nor Recorder. These predictions have long been fulfilled, but it may be BANGOR CATHEDRAL.-After having been partially restored, at a cost of 20,000l., this sacred edifice was reopened on the 8th inst. The works in connection with the restoration have occupied eight years, and have been carried out from the designs of Sir Gilbert Scott. Lord Penrhyn was the leading subscriber, having contributed nearly 7,cool, Notices of Books: Ought Women to Learn the Alphabet? Reprinted (by permission) from "Atlantic Essays." By T. W. Higginson. Manchester: A. Ireland & Co. 1873. THIS is no new question, for from the pamphlet we learn that "amid Napoleon's mighty projects for remodelling the religion and government of his empire, the ironical satirist, Sylvain Maréchal, thrust in his "Plan for a Law Prohibiting the Alphabet to Women," upon which Madame Gacon Dufour, a friend of the author of the said plan, "declared he must be insane, and proceeded to prove herself so by soberly replying to him." Mr. Higginson appears to assume that the Alphabet is the magic portal to all probable evil and all possible good. He brings forward an imposing array of high and learned authorities adverse to any substantial intellectual enlightenment of women. He also adduces various powerful pleas on the other side of the question. Mr. Higginson's style is animated and trenchant, and he places the pros and cons of his subject in vigorous and effective opposition. Among other precedents against women learning the alphabet, the Chinese proverb is quoted, which says; "For men, to cultivate virtue is knowledge; for women, to renounce knowledge is virtue." If this is "gospel" in China, the present Empress, who was raised to her elevated rank in consequence of her superior caligraphy, must be a determined renegade from what is traditionally held as befitting her sex! Apropos of the venerable question of the relative position of the sexes, the author cites the rather partial admonition of the Gatoo code, 4000 years old and more, which runs:-"A man, both day and night, must keep his wife so much in subjection that she by no means be mistress of her own actions. If the wife have her own free will, notwithstanding she be of a superior caste, she will behave amiss." And Bacon, the wise English philosopher, laid down the axiom that a man might keep his wife by force within the bounds of duty, and that he might "beat her, but not in a violent or cruel manner.' Again, Mr. Justice Coleridge, says the author, rules that the husband, in certain cases, "has a right to confine his wife in his own dwelling-house, and restrain her from liberty for an indefinite time;" and Baron Alderson's dictum is, that "The wife is only the servant of her husband." In the Hindoo dramas, remarks Mr. Higginson, woman "did not even speak the same language with her master, but used the dialect of slaves;" but, perhaps, not least striking was the rebuff which Françoise de Saintonges in the sixteenth century received, when she wished to establish girls' schools in France, for she was hooted in the streets, and her father called together four doctors, learned in the law, to decide whether she was not possessed by demons, to think of educating women-pour s'assurer qu'instruire des femmes n'etait pas un œuvre du démon. (Mrs. William Grey may congratulate herself that she did not live in the days of this worthy!). And Froissart certainly did not mince matters or betray any superfluity of civility, when he stated that the Salic Law was founded because of the "kingdom of France being too noble to be ruled by a woman." We have, perhaps, quoted enough to render some of the defenders of the fair sex desirous of discovering what Mr. Higginson's version of the claims on the other side of the question may be. To this very clever and amusing essay we therefore refer any such gallant champions. They will, in its well-stocked pages, certainly find a lance to use for or against the " cause." Poems. By Thomas Sinclair, M.A. London: Provost & Co. 1873. MR. SINCLAIR's poems give evidence of imagination and an intense love of art and beauty. His mind is clearly of a speculative cast, and he loves to let fancy wander unrestrained into the land of dreams. Now and then he finds a true thought, which shines out brightly, and with reassuring steadiness, from the haze of fantastic surroundings. Still, we do not grudge these essays and trial flights of a young poet's muse. It is only long practice which can produce the perfect work, the perfect artist; and the crucial test of publicity is as needful and as formative to the author, as that of a real, live audience is to an orator or an actor: no lessons can ever be bought equal to those unconsciously given by the public in its reception of débutants of the pen or platform, or indeed of any other artistic form of intellectual expression. Mr. Sinclair's present volume may be regarded chiefly as a collection of dreamy, imaginative sketches, serving as a fond upon which to mount his ideas, reasonings, and ponderings upon the great ends and gifts of life-a stepping-stone to possible future achievements. Therefore we listen in good faith when he says: "Yet men must wait their growth, and I foresee A Book of stronger truth; for this is not But jottings of a misted Voyage made To Man's dear promised Land, his Paradise, The fair Hesperides, where I shall work With manhood's clear, transfigured power, the Work As a general rule, we may accept each volume which a poet gives to the world, before his genius has accredited itself in any particular direction, as a premonitory phase of his inner life, which thus plays an initiatory prelude to the written or acted drama which may or may not follow. MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. Recollections of Ireland. Grand Fantasia for the Pianoforte. Composed by J. Moscheles, arranged by J. Rummel (New Edition). J. B. Cramer & Co. THE present is an appropriate time for re-issuing any composition by the late great master of the pianoforte. The charming "Life of Moscheles," written by his wife, and lately published, must have forcibly recalled the universally-esteemed composer and virtuoso to the memory of the music-loving community. The piece under consideration is not a very easy one, though not specially difficult, but it will require good practice in order to produce its full effect. Our old friend, "The Last Rose of Summer," appears here under her Irish name of "The Groves of Blarney." Garry Owen" follows, conspicuous in its characteristic national hilariousness, and the third and last air chosen for treatment is "St. Patrick's Day." To those who like good music, but shrink from the utterly and entirely classical, arrangements of popular airs such as the present must be specially welcome. Gavotte Moderne en Ut. Par Berthold Tours. Weekes & Co. A VERY "taking" composition, with strongly-marked rhythmical character. The very title of Gavotte, thanks to the enchanting masterpieces of sturdy old Bach in the same genre, predisposes to favourable consideration. The modern example of the antique measure by Mons. Tours is very "playable," and while perfectly easy of execution, by no means gives the impression of being written merely for a tyro. It is bright, clear and musicianly, and deserves, and will no doubt obtain, an extensive circulation. Give. Song Written by Adelaide Anne Procter. Composed by Arthur S. Sullivan. Boosey & Co. THIS is an elegant and flowing melody in F major, 3-4 time, compass eleven notes E to A. It is, strictly speaking, for a soprano, though a mezzo-soprano of good compass might also sing it. The wellknown name of Miss Procter is a guarantee for the excellence of the words. The musician is apparent in Mr. Sullivan's interesting accompaniment. The simplicity and sentiment of this pleasing and unaffected composition will probably render it a favourite. Auswers to Correspondents. O. M. C.-Magdalen College, Oxford, was founded in 1473 by William of Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, not Sir John Fastolf. The latter, whom you mention, is recorded as being a liberal benefactor to that foundation in its younger days. T. Z.-Translations from the poems of Alexander Petöfi, with a biography by Sir John Bowring, was published by Trübner, in 1866. H. Isherwood.-You will find a very good summary of the history of Titus Oates in the "Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography,' or in Knight's “English Cyclopædia." 7. C. E.-Campden House, Kensington, built by Sir Baptist Hicks in 1612, was destroyed by fire about ten years ago. M. A. (Bath).—The family you allude to are not entitled to bear arms. R. Maclachlan.-Refer to Skene's "Highlanders," and Anderson's "Scottish Families," for the information you require. S. Allen.-The arms of Eton College are-Sa., three water lilies arg., on a chief, per pale, az. and gu., a fleur-de-lis of the second, and a leopard passant-guardant, or. T. F. H.-The documents you allude to are preserved at the Record Office, in Fetter-lane, and can be referred to on application. 7. L. S.-See the "Anecdotes of Reynolds," by Mason, the poet, for an account of Sir Joshua's painting of "The Death of Cardinal Beaufort." O. C.-A very curious summary of the early proceedings of the Long Parliament is given in Welwood's "Memoirs," pp. 50-78. S. P.-Refer to Walpole's "Royal and Noble Authors." J. L. (Ipswich).-Dod's "Parliamentary Companion," or Walford's "Shilling House of Commons," will give you all the information you desire. D. M. S.-The work is entitled "Concise Historical Proofs respecting the Gael of Alban, or Highlanders of Scotland, as descended of the Caledonian Picts; with the Origin of the Irish Scots, or Dalriads, in North Britain, and their supposed conquest over the Caledonian Picts, Examined and Refuted," by J. R. Robertson. It was published by Nimmo, of Edinburgh. NOTICES. Correspondents who reply to queries would oblige by referring to the volume and page where such queries are to be found. To omit this gives us unnecessary trouble. A few of our correspondents are slow to comprehend that it is desirable to give not only the reference to the query itself, but that such reference should also include all previous replies. Thus a reply given to a query propounded at page 4, Vol. iii., to which a previous reply had been given at page 20, and another at page 32, requires to be set down (Vol. iii. 4, 20, 32). We shall be glad to receive contributions from competent and capable persons accomplished in literature or skilled in archæology, and generally from any intelligent reader who may be in possession of facts, historical or otherwise, likely to be of general interest. Communications for the Editor should be addressed to the Pub. lishing Office, 81A, Fleet Street, London, E.C. LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1873. CONTENTS.-No. 79. LONDON RIOTS:-The Wilkes Riots, 113. preparation. Was it to secure the person of a man, who came to surrender himself voluntarily to the Court of King's Bench? The supposition is too absurd to be made, even by the most venal or stupid tools of the Ministry. Was it to prevent the people from rescuing him, and to conduct him safe to the King's Bench prison, in case the Court should KINGTON THEATRE IN THE KEMBLES' TIME, AND THE KEMBLE Pronounce such a sentence. But if such was their design, they FAMILY, 115. BARONIES IN ABEYANCE, 116. Lancaster Roses-Ancient Dishes. Bridge-Newington Nunnery. did not put it in execution. The people actually did rescue him, though much against his inclination, and carried him into the City, and at last he was obliged to give them the QUERIES:-Napoleon, Ney, and Sir John Moore, 119-Arms of Rich-slip, and to escape disguised into the prison assigned him. mondshire Ancient Coin-Portrait of the Earl of Surrey-The 66 Gallows at Tyburn-Fat Judges-Lady Hungerford-Author What, then, in G-d's name, was the intention of this Wanted-Bishop Osmund-Sign of Fair Weather-York and formidable apparatus? Was it to try the humour of the people, and to see how Englishmen would relish a military REPLIES:-William the Conqueror, 120-A Child's Caul-Eisteddfod-government? If it was, I will take the liberty of answering, Post Office Orders-Stuart Papers-Monks and Friars-When in the name of all the people of England, a few Court was the last Woman Burned at the Stake in England-New Sur- sycophants excepted, that they never did, they never can, name-Surgeon-Major Fleming's Work on War Medals-Skew they never will, relish a military government; and that he who shall attempt to erect such a government in England will involve himself, and all his adherents, in inevitable ruin. I will not, indeed, say, as is said by some others, that we are already fairly brought under a military government; that, like the French, we have got our gendarmes, and, like the Turks, our janissaries, to patrol the streets of London; but this I will say, that, if matters continue much longer in their present situation, we shall be in great danger of being brought under such a government; for if once the military force becomes necessary to the execution of the laws, they will soon think themselves necessary to the enacting of them; and then farewell, an eternal farewell, to the liberties of England. This, indeed, has ever been, and ever will be, the manner in which all military or despotic government is established." NOTICES OF BOOKS, 123. LONDON RIOT S. THE WILKES RIOTS. BY WALTER THORNBURY. (Continued from p. 103.) THERE was no doubt that the Surrey_magistrates, during what the people insisted on calling "The Massacre of St. George's Fields," had acted with nervous precipitancy. A single bullet at a ringleader or a volley of blank cartridge would at once have dispersed the mob. Yet in spite of the almost frenzied irritation of the people of London, the Government acted with their usual party zeal. Lord Barrington wrote a letter of profuse thanks to the officers and men employed in guarding the King's Bench. "Employing the troops," said the secretary, "on so disagreeable a service always gives me pain; but the circumstances of the present time make it necessary." In case of legal proceedings he promised the men every defence and protection the War Office could give. The only excuse that can be found for the Government is that at this time half London was in a state of semirevolt; several thousands of sailors had struck for increase of pay, and the coal-heavers, glass grinders, and journeymen tailors were clubbing into most threatening and riotous mobs. If these different mobs rolled into a united deluge, the Tories fully thought the end of society would follow. Wilkes, whose audacity no danger could quench, denounced the 66 'Massacre" in the "North Briton" (No. 47) of the very same day. He complained of ministers drawing out the military force in St. George's Fields, to secure the person of a man who came to surrender himself voluntarily to the Court of Queen's Bench, and who, if he had pleased, might with the same facility have fled from justice; and in truth, had he been so minded, have set the whole military force of the kingdom at defiance. In July of the same year Samuel Gillam, the rash Surrey magistrate who gave the Scotch soldiers the too hasty order to fire on the people, was tried for murder at the Old Bailey. The papers of the day record that "he was acquitted without going into his defence, and the Court granted him a copy of his indictment. The court was uncommonly full upon this occasion. Mr. Gillam was dressed in black, full trimmed, and wore a tye wig. A chair was ordered for him close to the council, and during the course of his trial he fainted away. Sir Fletcher Norton and the Attorney and Solicitor General, were on the part of Mr. Gillam; and Mr. Serjeant Glynn and Mr. Lucas on the part of the prosecution." On August 9, 1768, Donald Maclane, the Scotch soldier of the 3rd Guards who shot poor young Allan, was tried. No bills were found against Ensign Murray and Private Maclaurey, and they were accordingly discharged. Mr. Serjeant Leigh appeared for the prosecution. Two witnesses, one a discharged marine, the other the ostler at Mr. Allan's inn, the "Horse Shoe," in Blackman-street, in the Borough, swore to the prisoner's identity, yet with several contradictions. Two other witnesses, Ökins and Brawn, singularly enough, had both (unseen by each other) been in the cow-house when the soldiers entered. Brawn, a middleaged man, swore that he was just going to strike down the musket of the soldier, which was levelled at young Allan, when another soldier seemed about to present his piece at him (Brawn), and in terror of his own life he then retired. Okins, a lad, swore that he had never seen Brawn, but that when the soldiers threatened Allan, he fell down with fear. Neither of these two witnesses could identify the soldier who intentionally or accidentally fired. In No. 48 he continues the subject. "But whether," he writes, "it proceeded from treachery or imprudence, it was Mr. Gillam, the Surrey magistrate present at the riot, certainly owing to the conduct of the Ministry, that the deposed to a detachment of one hundred men, under the people were guilty of the few slight trespasses, which they command of Colonel Beauclerk, being present before the have lately committed. The drawing out the military force King's Bench prison. The constables sent five or six in St. James's Park and St. George's Fields, before there Grenadiers to apprehend a patriot in two dirty red waistwas so much as the shadow of a necessity, naturally excited, coats, who had distinguished himself in throwing stones. not the fears-as the Ministry, no doubt, fondly expected-The moment after the door of the cow-house closed on the but the resentment of the people, and made every man ask soldiers, a shot was heard, and a few minutes after the his neighbour, what could be the meaning of such a warlike prisoner returned. Peter MacLoughlan then, in a tone of |