and was flain at Cardiff, leaving no iffue. Valerine, called Beaufon, was third son of Auber, Earl of Paffy, and was Lord of Vernon, in Normandy. He was all one of the adventurers with William the Conqueror, and after the deceafe of his nephew Euftace, Earl of Paily, had, of his gif, divers caftles and lands which belonged to him. He was fucceeded by his fon, called Roger Fitz-Valerine, who took up arms to revenge on the Welsh his kinfman's death; and poffeffing the cattle of Howard, he oftentimes faved him!elf therein, which was therefore called his denne, and to this day is called the caftle of Howarden. . His fon William, born in that castle, had the name of William de Howard, and was by King Henry I. made one of his council, and by him preferred in marriage to Maud, widow of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, with whom he had large poffeffions in Norfolk and Suffolk. Sir John Howard, Knt. was his fon and heir. From him there was a pretty regular descent to Sir Robert Howard, who was married to Margaret, eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of Richard, Earl of Arundel; whereby the inheritance of thole great families became at length vefted in this of the Howards, and by Ifabel, the other coheir, in that of Berkley. And the faid Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, was fon and heir to John, Lord Mowbray, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir to John, Lord Segrave, and of Margaret his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, and Earl Marshal of England, the eldeft fon of King Edward I. by his fecond wife Margaret, daughter to Philip the Hardy, King of France. Sir Robert Howard had by this great lady a fon, Sir John Howard, who diftinguished himself in the wars against France, was created Lord by King Edward IV. ele&ed into the fo ciety of the moft Noble Order of the Garter, April 22, 1472, and was in fuch efteem with that monarch, that befides corferring several manors upon him, he permitted his third daughter Anne to be married to his eldeft fon Thomas Howard. Having been faithful to the House of York, during the whole reign of King Edward IV. he continued stedfast to King Richard III. after he had got the crown; but our hiftorians make no mention of his being concerned in any of those evil contrivances, or barbarous actions, which fullied his reign. That King having put to death his brother's fecond fon, Richard, Duke of York, affianced to Anne, daughter and heir to John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk; and, both being dead in their infancies, he thereby claiming the title of EarlMarshal, which defcended to him by his mother; the King, to oblige him to continue in his intereits, conferred it on him the 28th of June, in the first year of his reign; and on the fame day advanced him to the dignity of Duke of Norfolk, and created Thomas, his fon and heir, Earl of Surry. In order to the folemnity of the coronation of King Richard, he was, on the goth of June following, conftituted High Steward of England for that day; and attended there on the 6th of July with his fon Thomas, Earl of Surry, who bore the sword of state: the Duke himself carrying the King's crown, and went next before him. On the 25th of July enfuing, he was conftituted Lord Admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine, for life, and in this and the year after obtained grants in special tail of many manors and lordships. But he 1791. Account of the Family of Howard. he did not long enjoy thefe great poffeffions; for the next enfuing year, being placed in the front of King Richard's army at Bofworthfield, where he commanded the van-guard, he was, with that King, flain Aug. 22, 1485. After which he was attainted in the parliament begun at Westminster, 7th Nov. 1 H. VII. He had been warned by fome of his friends to refrain from going with King Richard; and, on the night before he was to fet forward, this was set on his gate: "Jack of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dikon, thy mafter, is bought and fold." Yet regarding his oath, his honour, and promife made to King Richard, he would not abfent himfelf from him; but, as he faithfully lived under him, fo he manfully died with him, and, for his great worth, was lamented by his ene mies.. His fon Thomas, Earl of Surry, was committed to the Tower by Henry VII. and there continued three years and a half; but the King, having fully experienced his fidelity, by his demeanor, whilst he continued his prifoner, received him into his efpecial favour, having reflored him to his title of Earl of Surry in the fourth year of his reign. But he did not receive the title of Duke with the other pofts and titles of honour held by his father, till the fifth of Henry VIII. After all his great and fignal fervices both to the King and realm, having been famous for his noble exploits both in France and Scotland, divers of the nobility in thirty-eight Henry VIII. who bore no good-will to him, by reason he had ufed fome expreffions tending to their dishonour as new raised men, took advantage of the King's weakness, he then declining apace, and put jealoufies into his head of fome danger from his greatness: 2 213 whereupon he was fuddenly ap prehended, and committed to the Tower, the King being fo far incenfed against him, through thefe finifter fuggeftions, that he not on ly gave orders to feize his goods, but to give notice to his ambassadors in foreign parts, that he and his fon had confpired to take on them the government during his life, and after his death, to get the Prince into their hands. withstanding his eminent services, and his fubmitting himself, with all humility, to the King's mercy, it is thought he would have loft his head, as his most noble fon Henry, the Earl of Surry, did, had not the death of the King, which hap, pened foon after, prevented it. Note Thomas Howard, the eldest fon of this Henry, Earl of Surry, was eighteen years of age at the death of his grandfather in 2 Mary, and was then married to Mary, daughter and heir of Henry Fitz-Allan, Earl of Arundel, and had the title of Duke of Norfolk, his grandfa ther being fully reftored in blood when the act for his attainder was made void in the reign of Queen Mary, and thereby he became his next hereditary fucceffor. This Thomas is the Duke of Norfolk that incurred Queen Elizabeth's difpleafure for his attempts to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, on which account he was beheaded the fecond of June, 1572. The title of the Duke of Norfolk being, by the attainder of this Tho mas, thus taken away, Philip, his eldeft fon, was called Earl of Arundel, as owner of Arundel castle, by defcent from his mother: it hav ing, in 11 Henry VI. been adjudged in parliament to be a local dignity, fo that the poffeffors thereof fhould enjoy that title of honour. Whereupon, by that appellation, he had a fummons to the parliament, begun at Westminster 16 January, 23 Elizabeth, and foon after, after, in the fame parliament, was, by a special act, restored in blood. But, not long after this, by the artifices of Robert, Earl of Leicester, and Secretary Walfingham, for the entrapping of thofe eminent perfons who were of the Romih religion, by difperfing counterfeit letters, this Earl Philip was confined to his own houfe, and, being thortly after much terrified with the feverity of certain laws then made against Jefuifts and Pricfts, he refolved to betake himself to an auftere and retired life beyond the feas; but, in the first place, to represent his grief to the Queen by aletter, which he determined fhould be delivered unto her after his departure. Before this letter could be delivered, being gone into Suffex, there to take thipping in an obfcure creek, he was betrayed by the treachery of fome of his fervants, and the matter of the fhip; and, being apprehended, was committed prifoner to the Tower, and tried and condemned upon a charge brought against him into the farchamber, "That he had supported Romish Priests contrary to law; also that he had intelligence with Cardinal Allen, and Parfons the Jefuit, the Queen's enemies; that he had publicly in writing queftioned the juftice of the kingdom; and that he had intentions of departing the realm without licence." Camden, in his Life of Queen Elizabeth, fays, "There were a great many that moft heartily lamented the untimely fall of this young nobleman, (for he was not above 33 years of age at most) and as many on the other fide were ready to cry up the Queen's wifdom and caution, who, by this example, had. ftruck a kind of terror in the more powerful part of the Romifh faction. The Queen, after all, gave him his life, but he died in the Tower the 19th of November, 1595, having, by a religious kind of aufterity, reduced himself to a very languifhing ftate." He left iffue, by Anne his wife, daughter of Thomas, and fifter and coheir to Thomas Lord Dacres, of Gellefland, Thomas, his young and only child. This Thomas was 17 years of age when Queen Elizabeth died, and then it was expected King James would have reftored him to all the honours and poffeffions of his ancestors, especially fuch as were lost in reference to the intereft of the King's mother; but he was only restored in blood by act of parliament, in the first year of that King, and to all fuch titles of honour and precedence as Philip, Earl of Arundel, loft by his attainder; as alto to the honour, state, and dignity of Earl of Surry; and to fuch dignity of Baronies only, as Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, his grandfather, loft by his attainder. The family acquired the title of Earl of Norfolk, June 6, 1644, 20 Charles I.; and of Duke of Norfolk by act of parliament, with entail on the heirs male, May 8, 1661, 13 Charles II.; and have fince continued the fame. The prefent Duke of Norfolk is Charles, born 1746, who has been twice married, but has no issue. Ilis Grace the Duke of Norfolk hath precedence of all other Dukes, not only by his creation, but likewife in respect of his office, as hereditary Earl-Marshal of England, by grant to Henry Duke of Norfolk, 24 Charles II. and takes place with the Lord Great Chamberlain, Lord Great Conftable (but after them) and Lord High Admiral of England, Lord Steward, and Lord Chamberlain of the King's houfhold, next after the Lord Privy Seal above all other perfonages, being of the fame eftate and degree. His Grace's titles are, The High, Puiffant, and moft Noble Prince, Charles Howard, Duke Duke of Norfolk, Earl-Marfhal, and Hereditary Earl-Marthal of England, Earl of Arundel, Surry, Norfolk, and Norwich; Baron of Mowbray, Howard, Segrave, Brewfe of Gower, (in Caermarthenshire) Fitz Alan, Warren, Clun, Ofwaldeftre, Maltravers, Grey. ftock, Furnival, Verdon, Lovetot, Strange (of Blackmere) and Howard, of Caftle-Rifing; premier Duke, Earl, and Baron of England, next the Blood-Royal, and chief of the illuftrious family of the Howards. ARMS] Gules in the middle of a bend between fix cross croflets, argent, a fhield, or therein a demilion rampant (pierced through the mouth with an arrow) within a double treffure counterflory, gules. CREST] On a chapeau, gules, turned up ermin, a lion paffant guardant (his tail extended) gorged with a ducal coronet, argent, as defcended from Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, fifth son of King Edward I. SUPPORTERS] On the dexter fide a lion, on the finister a horse, both argent; the latter holding a flip of oak, fructed proper. MOTTO] SOLA VIRTUS INVICTA; Virtue alone is invincible.) CHIEF SEATS] At Arundel-caftle, in the county of Suffex; and at Workfop-manor, in the county of Nottingham. 215 wel's. Mrs. Staples added, "He came next morning, and made propolals, which, though they may not be thought advantageous in the world, in point of fortune, I fhall not reject, if I like the cha~ ~ racter of the man.”—My daughter and I indeed, are not, either of us, of opinion, that if a man is rich, nothing more is required of him we had rather fee our children happy than great. However, tho' opulence is not abfolutely neceflary, a competence is certainly defirable; and Emily is young enough, at leaft, to stay till fuch an offer comes under confideration: but her mother is fo indulgent to her, that she will neither perfuade her to accept of a man whom she does not like, nor will fhe refufe her confent to the man whom the prefers, if there are no material ob jections to him. The gentleman in queftion has not, as fhe can find, a bad character, but he is, the thinks, too fond of appearance, too giddy, (if a man may be called giddy) too much like Emily herfelf: and indeed I am apt to believe that Emily will ftand a fairer chance of fhining in a domeftic Iphere, with a companion who has a little more folidity than fhe has, with a man, who, in confequence of having a fmall fortune, would be ready to give up the parade of life for it's comforts. This laft word is, I know, become obfolete, fuch is the refinement of our age! yet I imagine that none of us, who live to be old, will be forry to exchange flutter for tranquillity. The way, therefore, to procure quiet, in our declining years, will be to live prudently while we are young. By a life of prudence only it is that we can secure a decent, calm retreat, in the last stage of our exiftence. Not that I have fo much of the old woman about me, as id wish to deprive any young one of thofe pleasures which may be call ed ed rational, which may be enjoyed with discretion: but when young people feem to be fatisfied with nothing except fhew and expence, they very feldom arrive at that perfect peace of mind, and those eafy fenfations which can, alone, render old age tolerable. I am, of course, and my daughter's fentiments correspond with mine upon this occafion, inclined to fee Emily married to a man who does not make a brilliant figure in the world: it is more probable I think, that fuch a husband will be domeftically happy himself, and fee his wife fo. However, though we do not thoroughly approve Emily's lover, we will not intirely difappoint our child, under the influence of a firft impreffion, if fhe can have her inclination gratified without being injured.I must add, indeed, that I believe Emily's principal motives for the encouragement of this admirer may be ranked with those by which many young ladies are governed: fhe wants to remove herfelf from the inspection of her mother, and fancies, no doubt, that the moment fhe becomes a married woman, fhe will be her own mistress. This mode of thinking is frequently discovered to be erroneous. Many a woman finds, to her coft, that fhe has lefs of her own way when fhe is a wife, than fhe had before. Here, however, my grand-daughter is in the right; the gentleman in queftion appears, from the exhibitions which he has given of himself, to be more likely to permit her to enjoy her defired liberty, than to make any abridgments. He will be too much engaged in the pursuit of his own pleasure, to interrupt her amusements: but she muft, before this affair is decided, have the opinion of her uncle and Mr. Stanley, her joint guardians. The former has received feveral propofals for his daughter Sophia: fome of them may be reckoned very advantageous ones upon many accounts, but he keeps herself, I dare fay, for her coufin Charles. Sophia is a very different character from Emily, and fo fond of her father, that he will not, I think, be prevailed on eafily to leave him and it is, probably, her filial affection, added to her having been brought up with Charles, which made her prefer him to any other man naturally fuppofing that the fhould ftill remain in the bofom of her family, even after her marriage with him. She is therefore, I may venture to fay, concerned at not finding Charles the character she expected, and with reafon expected: as both Mr. Stanley and his uncle Grey have taken great pains, fince the death of his father, (who was a very fenfible man) to make him what he ought to be enforcing their falutary precepts by the most unexceptionable examples in their own perfons. Unfortunately for Charles, he is extremely admired by the women: and in consequence of their admiration, buoys himfelf up with the hopes of making his fortune; that is, of marrying a woman with a great deal more than he can, in his circumstances, demand: a woman who may render him unhappy for life, with her fuperiority, and with her rich relations. It is not always defirable, though it is ge nerally deemed fo, for a lady to marry a man confiderably above her: fhe may be a thoufand times happier with an hufband upon an equality with regard to fortune, as well as age, temper, &c. The fituation of the man who unites himself to a woman for the fake of money, is hardly ever to be envied: as the, or fome of her family, will, indifputably, fooner or later, make him fenfible of the obligations he is under to them. I know not, indeed, any thing more deftructive |