land, Westmerland, and Cornewall. And some of big or winter beare, some of lentyles, some of fitches, some of tares, some of French wheat, most in use for rustikes. And into divers formes these graines may be reduced; some in form of manchet, used of the gentility: some of greate loves, as is usual among yeomanry, some betweene both, as with the franklings: some in forme of cakes, as at weddings: some rondes of hogs, as at upsittings: some simnels, cracknels, and buns, as in the Lent, some in brode cakes, as the oten cakes in Kendoll on yrons: some on slate stones as in the hye peke: some in frying pans as in Darby shyre: some betwene yrons as wapons: some in round cakes as bysket for the ships. But these & all other the mayne bread of York excelleth, for that it is of the finest floure of the wheat well tempered, best baked, a patterne of all others the fineste.

"The best drinke for the crased at Buckstone, is meane ale, neyther to new nor to stale, not overhopped. Your flesh shal bee most ordinarie, as followethmutton, kyd, conie, rabbet, veale, turkey, capon, henne, chicken, phesiant, partrich, rayle, curlyaw, cnotwype, wodcocke, snype, or any other cloven footed fowles, poched egges, or rare rosted is also right nourishinge meates as is aforesayd. Fruites-albeit in most regimentes be forbidde, of these kyndes may be used, almondes any way dressed, raceines, figges, pomgranates, quinces, wardens, & chestnuttes rosted, ryce, marmalad, green gynger. So may comfortatives, conserves, or cordial confections, or to them that have cold diseases, or be of a cold constitution wynes of thes kyndes may bee permitted, as a cuppe of sacke

and

and sugar if the disease doo not forbid it, or of good Gascoyne wyne, to them that be leane with sugar, or whyte mamulsyes of Madera, a myas of good ale, a cawdell, or alebury, although afore in the generall dyete I have not touched it.

"Now for your meates, they will be best at x or xi a clock if you can fast so long: if not take some small refection before you go into the bath, or not long after you come out, if you enter not into your bed nor receyve any medicine.

"Your houre of supper shal be about sixe. of the clocke: but after I would have you to use no meate that night, nor yet drinke, if you can abstayne,

"To the sickly small exefcyse will serve by reason. of feeblenesse not able to suffer pantynge, neyther verily so violent for them shall bee requysite. But if their strength will sustayne it, an exercyse convenient for theyr callinge shal bee used.

"The ladyes, gentle women, wyues and maydes, maye in one of the galleries walke: and if the weather bee not aggreeable too theire expectacion they may have in the ende of a benche, eleven holes made, intoo the which to trowle pummetes, or bowles of leade, bigge, little, or meane, or also of copper, tynne, woode, eyther vyolent or softe after their owne discretion. The pastyme Troule in Madame is termed.

"Before you enter the bath, tary two or three dayes, as well for resting of you, after your long travayle as also to acquaint you with the ayer, using some melody, the which thing Esculapius worthily appointed, saith Galen, & indeed it refresseth the wit, encreaseth strength, and melancholy it putteth to flighte.

"In the bath you may tary ii or iii houres, if you please, & in especiall if the cause, sicknesse, or greefe requyre, and the body fit for it."

After giving a variety of prescriptions, the author speaks of the necessary time for "Tariance at Buckstone" as follows.

"All these thinges needfull considered and observed for the xiiii xx or xl dayes you remayne there, and after you come thence, one moneth at the least, if your disease requyre it, keepe the especiall Victus, expressed, but after you may returne to your former trade of lyfe, not hurtfull, so that alway provyded, the day of your coming thither bee noted, before you enter into the bathes, and the day of your departure, with the country of your habitation condition or calling with the infirmityes, or cause you came for, in the regyster booke kept of the warden of the bath, or the phisition that ther shal be appointed, & the benefite you receyved, paying foure pence for the recording and every yeoman besides xii pence, every gentleman iii shillinges. Every esquior iiis. iiiid. Every knight vis. viiid. Every lord and baron xs. Every vicount, xiiis. iiiid. xxs. Every marques xxxs. Every duke iii Every archbishop vl. Every bishop xls. Every judge xxs. Every doctour and sargeant of lawe xs. Every chauncellor and utter barrister vis. viiid. Every archdeacon, prebendary, and canon vs. Every mynister xiid. Every ducches xls. Every marquesses xx9. Every countes xiiis. ivd. Every barones xs. Every lady vis. viiid. Every gentlewoman iis. And al, for the treasure of the bath, to the use of the poore, that only for help do come thither the one halfe, the other to the phisition for his residence."

Every erle pound xs.

The

The work concludes with "the prayer usually to be sayd before bathing," and a copious table of contents. J. H. M.

ART. IV. Tenor. Psalmes, Sonets, & Songs of sadnes and pietie, made into musicke of fiue parts: whereof, some of them going abroad among diuers, in untrue coppies, are heere truely corrected, and th' other being Songs very rare and newly composed, are heere published, for the recreation of all such as delight in Musicke. By William Byrd, one of the Gent. of the Queene's Maiestie's Royall Chappell. [Crest of Sir Christopher Hatton. Herbert, 1021.] Printed at London by Thomas Este, dwelling in Aldersgate streete, ouer against the signe of the George. 4to. n. d. Licensed conditionally, 1587.

At the back of the title are eight "reasons briefely set downe by th' author, to perswade euery one to learne to sing." Dedicated "to the Right Honorable Sir Christopher Hatton, Knight, Lord Chancellor of England;" wherein it is stated to be the author's first printed work in English.-" I hoped that, by this occasion, these poore songs of mine might happely yeeld some sweetnesse, repose, and recreation vnto your Lordship's mind, after your dayly paines & cares taken in the high affaires of the Comon Wealth."

"Benigne reader, (saith the epistle) heere is offered vnto thy courteous acceptation, musicke of sundrie sorts, and to content diuers humors. If thou bee disposed to pray, heere are psalmes. If to bee merrie, heere are sonets. If to lament for thy sins, heere are

songs

songs of sadnesse and pietie. If thou delight in musicke of great copasse, heere are diuers songs, which beeing originally made for instruments to expresse the harmony, and one voyce to pronounce the dittie, are now framed in all parts for voyces to sing the same. If thou desire songs of smal compasse and fit for the reach of most voyces, heere are most in number of that sort. (Subscribed) the most assured friend to all that loue or learne musicke. William Byrd."*

The first ten picces are psalmes, some of them selected from the common version; then "followeth the sonets and pastorales." From this division the following pieces are peculiarly interesting to the admirers of the early poets.

1. "I ioy not in no earthly blisse,

I force not Cressus welth a straw;
For care I know not what it is,

I feare not Fortune's fatall law.
My minde is such as may not moue
For beautie bright, nor force of loue.
2. I wish but what I haue at will,

I wander not to seeke for more,
I like the plaine, I clime no hill,

In greatest stormes I sit on shore;
And laugh at them that toyle in vaine,
To get what must bee lost againe.
3. I kisse not where I wish to kill,

I faine not loue where most I hate:
I breake no sleepe to winne my will,
I waite not at the mightie's gate;
I scorne no poore, nor feare no rich,
I feele no want nor haue to much.

For an account of this composer see Hawkins's History of Musick,

Vol. III p. 283.

4. The