Bentl. ad Pac. 709. et Elmsl. ad Prom. 668.

p. 238. v. 41, 2, 3, 4. λαιμότμητ ̓ ἄχη δαιμονᾷ με μελαν- | όνεκυν ὡς ἐπὶ πόρειαν· οὐ γὰρ ἔτι | γουνάσομαι τὸν βάρβαρον ͵ οὐδ ̓ ἐπ' ἐμαυτῷ κλαύσομαι.

His omnibus, quæ superstites ad Aristophanis fabulas spectant, compositis, restant quædam e Fragmentis quoque his similia eruenda. Verum ea omnia tam Comici quam Tragici, necnon auctoris Rhesi, et Cyclopis, alio tempore proferentur. Interim unum illud moneo, quod Hermannus fortasse desciscere de sententia sua paratus erit, et mirari desinet in mentem cuiquam venire potuisse Poëtarum consuetudinem, qua bini semper fere æquales versus in Epodis conjungi solerent. Certe nisi talis esset ratio carminis reperta apud Eschylum, Euripidem, et Aristophanem, de ea ipse ne per somnia quidem cogitassem. At legem semel repertam nolui penitus reticere. Res quidem ea non magni fuit momenti; nec tamen pro levi habenda. Veritas enim vel in his, sicut et in gravioribus studiis, quærenda est unice. Magistri sententiam, in Element. Doctrin. Metric. ed. 2. p. 731. proditam, deserturus est, nisi fallor vehementissime, Reisigius. Hic enim in p. 13. libelli perexigui (cujus titulus est De Constructione Antistrophica Trium Carminum Melicorum Aristophanis Syntagma. Criticum) instituit mensuram cantûs ultimi in Aristophanis Lysistratâ rationi meæ non valde dissimilem, ideoque a vera non omnino alienam. Nec dubito ullus, quin in partes meas sit omnis accessurus, cum primum rei novitas aliquantisper deferbuerit. Omnes etenim probe scio, quibus aut antiqua detegere aut nova reperire conceditur, huic infortunio esse maxime obnoxios, ut, quo magis insperata fuerint inventa, eo minus probata esse ab æqualibus soleant, a posteris laudem fortasse non exiguam accep

tura.

BABYLON.

To all sincere admirers of Antiquity it must afford considerable gratification, that public attention, within the last three or four years, has been so frequently directed, by a variety of publications, to the remains of a city, in comparison with which even many

ruins venerated as ancient, may be pronounced modern. We allude to Babylon, the city of Nimrod, Belus, Semiramis, or Ninus; and to the works concerning it, published by Claudius James Rich, Esq. the East-India Company's Resident at Baghdad. This gentleman's first Memoir on Babylon was noticed in the Classical Journal, No. XXIV, and his second in the last, No. XXXVII. Captain Edward Frederick has given us, in the "Bombay Literary Transactions (Vol. 1. art. 9.) "An account of the present compared with the ancient state of Babylon;" the vestiges of which he inspected with minute attention in the year 1811. Major Rennell (in the Archæologia, 1816.) has offered some remarks on the " Topography of Ancient Babylon:" The Rev. Thomas Maurice has published in two parts (1816, 1818.) his "Observations on many branches of Ancient Literature and Science, connected with the ruins of Babylon." John Landseer, Esq. a Fellow of the Antiquarian Society, has given us some interesting remarks on fragments of antiquity discovered among those ruins, in the Archæologia, (Vol. XVIII. 1817.); and the Appendix to Sir William Ouseley's Travels, lately published, contains many observations on extraordinary. cylindrical gems, inscribed bricks, and other antiques, found on the spot where Babylon once stood.

Having thus indicated to our readers the printed works that have appeared within a few years, we shall notice the intended Account of Babylon, by Mr. Buckingham, a very ingenious and intelligent traveller; and we can affirm, on the authority of a letter written at Calcutta, in November 1818, that Captain Lockett was then deeply engaged in the composition of his great work respecting Babylon; a work which we announced to the public so long ago as the year 1813. Captain Lockett explored the ruins in 1811; and the letter to which we above alluded, mentions a variety of discoveries made by him, equally interesting to the Historian and the Antiquary, the Geographer and the Etymologist. From his own actual survey he has constructed a map of considerable size; and his researches confirm in a most satisfactory manner the statement of Herodotus concerning the vast extent of Babylon. He has ascertained some circumstances of the Northern Wall, the Birs of Nimrod (as it is called); the Agger Kuf, and various other particulars, which have hitherto been subjects of doubt and perplexity to antiquarian visitors, and those who at home have endeavoured to reconcile the present with the ancient state, and the Classical accounts of Babylon, with the Oriental traditions, and the reports of travellers.

The plates, which are designed to illustrate Captain Lockett's work, have been long ready for publication, beautifully engraved;

and we are justified in hoping that our curiosity to possess the account of his Babylonian Researches will be gratified before the expiration of another year.

P.

NOTICE OF THE

CEDIPUS ROMANUS,

Or an attempt to prove, from the principles of reasoning adopted by the Right Hon. Sir W. Drummond, in his Edipus Judaicus, that the twelve Casars are the twelve signs of the Zodiac. Addressed to the higher and literary classes of society. By the Rev. G. TOWNSEND, A.M. of Trin. Coll. Cam.

8vo. bds. 78. 6d.

OUR readers may remember, that Sir William Drummond has printed, for private distribution, some observations of a peculiar nature on the 49th chapter of Genesis, and on the books of Joshua and Judges, under the title of Edipus Judaicus. Mr. Doyley and others attacked Sir William very warmly on certain expressions, arguments, and allusions in that work; to which Sir William Drummond, and three or four of his friends, replied. We shall not enter into the discussion, or explain the nature of the mistakes, and misapprehensions of the controversialists on both sides. The discussion had been discontinued, and in some measure forgotten, till Mr. Townsend again directed the public attention to the subject by his present work.

The Edipus Romanus is addressed to the higher and literary classes of society, 166 as the proper tribunal to which Sir William Drummond appealed." It was written in consequence of the large sum, (seven, and we have heard twelve guineas,) which had been given for a copy of the Edipus Judaicus. By a singular series of coincidences between the language of the Patriarch Jacob, as related in the forty-ninth chapter of Genesis, and the signs of the Zodiac, as they were divided and represented by the antients, Sir William Drummond deduced the inferences, which have given rise to so much dispute. Mr. Townsend imagined that similar coincidences might be found between the same emblematical representations of the twelve signs, and the events of History; on

these coincidences his system is founded: and whatever be the opinions of our learned readers on the question, it will be acknowledged that the strange parallel between the Roman Emperors and the twelve signs is supported by the most singular and surprising resemblances. We will give some account of the plan, and select the proofs which identify the sign of the Ram with Julius Cæsar, as a specimen of the management of the reasoning.

The work may be divided into three parts. The first, which is introductory, contains an ironical congratulation to Sir William Drummond, on the merit, the ingenuity, the learning, and the talent, discovered in the Edipus Judaicus. Because our countrymen are cautious in receiving novelties in politics and religion, he condoles with Sir William on the slow progress which his discoveries will probably make, particularly in the two Universities. He considers the difficulties he may meet, in attempting to prove the twelve Cæsars to be the twelve signs of the Zodiac, as exactly similar to those which the author of the Edipus Judaicus has already overcome; and he is therefore encouraged to persevere in an attempt, which at first sight appeared hopeless. Several curious and original rules of etymology are laid down, which we recommend to all those ingenious theorists, who are inclined to build an hypothesis on that foundation.

The second division of the work proceeds to identify the twelve Cæsars with the twelve signs of the Zodiac. As a specimen of the reasoning of the author, we shall extract the proofs, by which the epithet," Caius Julius Cæsar, son of Lucius and Aurelia," is shown to mean the sign Aries.

"Lucius is derived from Lux; which is derived from Auxos, or EL, UC, one of the names of the Sun, according to Bryant; and Aurelia from Aur, light, and EL the Sun. The word Aurelia signifies a butterfly, which is well known to be the emblem, not only of the soul leaving the body, but of the sun breaking from the dreariness of winter, and renewing the life and beauty of nature in the spring. The offspring of the Sun, (or Lucius,) and of Aurelia, or the commencement of the spring, can only be the sign Aries, or Cæsar.

"The name Caius, Julius, Cæsar, furnishes more than theoretical proof. Caius is derived from xa, Caia, Caias, or Caius, the original term in the primeval language for a house, or mansion, or temple: thus we read of the mansions of the Moon; and Eschylus calls the sky the temple, or Caias of the Sun.

"Julius is a corruption of os, which is derived from AL or EL, the Sun.

"Cæsar is properly written Kairag, that is Cai, a mansion, and Sar, eminent, splendid, honorable; the word from which Sarim, Sarah, Sarabetha, &c. are derived.

"The whole name, Caius Julius Cæsar, then, may be thus interpreted: The house, of the Sun, the first house: which is evidently a plain and simple description of the situation of the sign Aries."

The most ingenious proof of Mr. Townsend's position that Cæsar is Aries is deduced from the expression of Cæsar to Brutus in the Senate-house, as related by Suetonius, xai où el éxeivov, xai où réxvov. This expression, says Mr. Townsend, though so long considered as a simple Greek sentence, is pure Hebrew, and contains an indirect allusion to the change of the Sun's place from Aries to Pisces at the commencement of the year. It may be thus read,

כאה שו הי ביכין אן, כאה שו תכן אן

which is translated: "Must I, the conqueror of the constellations, be made equal (to other signs) in the Zodiacal system? must Salas be inade equal in the regulation?" Or, in other words, the expression of Cæsar to Brutus does not mean: Thou too, Brutus, art thou among the assassins of Cæsar? The meaning is: Must I, the sign of the Ram, must I, alas, be made equal to the fishes?

Augustus is identified with Taurus, by some very amusing coincidences; and the whole number of the Cæsars are changed into the zodiacal signs by some curious arguments, of which we have no room to give an abstract to the reader.

The third part (after the observations on Domitian) is grave and severe. The language is animated, and precise; and gives good promise of future excellence. The character of Sir William Drummond is well drawn, and is highly complimentary, though it is made the cover of an additional philippic. Some admirable observations on the importance and necessity of a Revelation follow; and the book concludes with remarks on the consequences, if its overthrow could be effected by the arguments of its adver

saries.

MISCELLANEA CLASSICA.

No. VI.

LVIII. Virgil in the eleventh Æneid (1. 539, seqq.) relates the flight of Camilla, under the protection of her father, the king of Privernum, from their native city, and their manner of living in exile, without saying a word which might imply their return or restoration. Yet, in the same book, describing the exploits of Camilla against the Trojans, he represents her as attended with an army of Volscians: