GO TO THE CHURCH-KEEP CLEAR OF THE PRISON.

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2. A Town is a place in which peo-ple dwell, and is not so large as a cit-y. It has streets, lanes, courts, and al-leys. It has ware-hous-es, shops, and fac-to-ries; also docks, if it be a sea-port town; if an in-land town, it is like-ly to have ca-nals and rail-roads close to it. In most towns there are church-es, cha-pels, schools, inns, pri-sons, a town-hall, and a mar-ket place.

3. The CHURCH.-Church-es and cha-pels are for the pub-lic wor-ship of GOD. Those who preach in them are min-is-ters of the Gos-pel of Je-sus Christ. In the church there are churchwar-dens, and a clerk to help the cler-gy-man. In cha-pels there are dea-cons, who do the same.

4. The TOWN HALL is the place where the may-or and al-der-men meet on all town bu-si-ness. Here it is that the may-or is e-lect-ed to his of-fice. Here laws are made for the reg-u-la-tion of the town, and here the ma-gis-trates sit to put in force the law a-gainst e-vil do-ers.

5. The PRI-SON is the place where e-vil do-ers are con-fi-ned. It is full of small cells, in which thieves and oth-er wick-ed men who have bro-ken the law are kept. Some of them work at the treadmill, some are kept close pri-son-ers in their cells and eat the bread of sor-row.

6. The INN is a place for tra-vel-lers to stop at, as they pass through the town on their jour-neys. Here, too, the far-mers dine on mar-ket days, and the i-dle folks of the town meet to take their glass of grog at night, and to hear the news, and to talk a-bout trade and oth-er mat-ters.

7. The MAR-KET is the place in which deal-ers in all kinds of stores meet on one day in the week,

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A GOOD SCHOOL A TOWN'S BLESSING.

call-ed mar-ket day. The far-mer comes to sell his corn. The gra-zier comes with his cat-tle. The far-mer's wife with her poul-try, but-ter, and eggs. The hawk-er with his va-ri-ous wares. The garden-er with his fruits and ve-ge-ta-bles; and the poor man with his pig.

8. The SCHOOL is the place in which chil-dren learn their du-ty to God and man, and are taught to read, write, and ci-pher. A good school is the great-est bless-ing a town can have, and a good school-mas-ter is the first a-mong men.

LESSON II.

OFFICERS IN A TOWN.

9. The MAY-OR is the chief man in the town. He is e-lect-ed to his of-fice by his fel-low townsmen. He and the al-der-men rule the town. He holds his court in the town-house. He oft-en wears a gold chain round his neck, and has a scar-let robe to dress in on grand oc-ca-sions. If the Queen should come to the town, the may-or has to meet her with an ad-dress, and the al-der-men fol-low in his train, all in their robes, which is a fine sight.

10. The AL-DER-MEN.-These are a bo-dy of men, ge-ne-ral-ly from six to twelve in num-ber, e-lect-ed by their fel-low towns-men, to as-sist the May-or in his du-ty; they sit at the court-house in his absence, hear ca-ses, and give judg-ment ac-cord-ing to the law. They are ge-ne-ral-ly all ma-gis-trates, and can send a man to pri-son if he has done wrong, but they can-not do this of their own will, but on-ly ac-cord-ing to the LAW.

HONOUR TO THE SCAVENGER.

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11. The TowN CLERK.-He is the law-yer of the cor-po-ra-tion or bo-dy cor-po-rate; which is the body of the town's peo-ple re-pre-sent-ed by the may-or or al-der-men, and com-mon coun-cil. He as-sists the ma-gis-trates in all their do-ings, gives them ad-vice, and tells them what to do, and what not to do, that they may not break the law.

12. The Town CRI-ER makes known all pub-lic mat-ters to the town's folks. He posts all the town no-ti-ces, and goes a-bout with a-bout with a bell to call the peo-ple to-geth-er, or to "cry" things that are lost in the streets; he is of great use in a town.

13. The POST-MAN takes all the let-ters from door to door. He gets them twice or thrice a day from the post of-fice, sorts them for the dif-fer-ent streets, and then de-liv-ers them. He goes a-bout with a quick pace, and when he comes to a house for which he has a let-ter, he gives two loud knocks at the door; and then the ser-vants ought to run quick-ly, and not keep him wait-ing.

14. The CON-STA-BLE is a town's-man, and sworn to keep the peace. He can take a-ny one up who makes a ri-ot, and can seize up-on a-ny one who may do an un-law-ful act. He can take up boys for throw-ing stones, or break-ing hedges, or ma-king a noise in the street.

15. The SCA-VEN-GER Sweeps the streets and keeps them clean; he is a ve-ry use-ful man. The dust-man and the chim-ney sweep-er are ve-ry useful men; so al-so are the lamp-light-er and the watchman; we could no more do with-out these men than we could with-out the may-or. Thus, ev-e-ry man who does his du-ty is to be hon-our-ed, wheth-er he be poor or rich.

1. A MINE is a deep place in the earth, from which met-als and min-e-rals are ta-ken for our use. Gold, sil-ver, i-ron, cop-per, tin, lead, and oth-er me-tals are found in mines. Coal, al-so, as well as di-a-monds, are found in mines.

2. There are mines in all parts of the world. The most no-ted are the gold mines of Pe-ru ; the sil-ver mines of Po-to-si and Mex-i-co; the cop-per mines of Swe-den; the tin mines of Corn-wall, and the coal mines of va-ri-ous parts of Eng-land.

3. Met-als and min-e-rals are not dug out of

ALL IS NOT GOLD THAT GLITTERS.

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mines in the state we use them, but in the state of ore; which is the met-al in u-ni-on with some oth-er sub-stance, either earth, rock, or min-e-ral. Gold is often found mix-ed with sand and rock. Sil-ver is found mix-ed with lead and cop-per. Mer-cu-ry and lead with sul-phur. I-ron is found in u-ni-on with an ear-thy kind of stone; and tin in a sub-stance call-ed tin-stone.

4. These me-tal-lic ores lie in VEINS or BEDS at va-ri-ous depths in the earth, in-cli-ned to the ho-ri-zon. The veins seem to have had their o-ri-gin in chinks or cracks in the mass-es of rocks, of which the earth's crust is com-po-sed. The min-e-ral beds lie in mass-es in a ho-ri-zon-tal po-si-tion. Cop-per, iron, and lead ore, of-ten oc-cur in beds, but ge-ne-ral-ly the me-tal-lic ores are found in veins.

5. There are two ways of get-ting ore out of the earth. When it is in a hill or moun-tain, ac-cess to it is ob-tain-ed by dig-ging ho-ri-zon-tal gal-le-ries in the sides of the hill till the ore is reach-ed. These gal-le-ries are call-ed au-dits or lev-els. When the min-e-ral lies deep in the earth, as coal does, a per-pen-di-cu-lar pit, called a shaft, is sunk to the pro-per depth, and from the sides of this, ho-ri-zon-tal gal-le-ries are car-ri-ed to the beds or veins, which are then worked.

6. To ven-ti-late the works, and to afford a con-stant sup-ply of fresh air to the mi-ners, oth-er small-er shafts are sunk, through which the air pass-es. To raise the wa-ter, which al-ways breaks out in mines from the se-ve-ral springs that flow through the earth, large steam engines are e-rected at the top of the mines, which are pump-ing night and day. To keep the mine from fall-ing in,