faces "the centre of the space formerly encompassed with the stone circle"! A large separate stone in the vicinity seems to have been cut so as to represent the sun and moon. A week at Dublin would enable an antiquarian to see all these relics, without difficulty, as I saw them when sojourn ing there. CHR. COOKE. Queries. INSCRIBED RUNIC SCULPTURE. AN article, which appeared in the Standard, of 6th instant, gives an account of the new City Library and Museum. Among the articles of virtù presented to the Corporation, there is mention of "the celebrated Runic stone found in St. Paul's Churchyard, in August, 1852, at a depth of 20 feet below the surface, with the inscription: Kina caused this stone to be laid over (or in memory of) Taki.' The stone is believed to belong to the ninth century. The skeleton of the man whose name it was intended to commemorate-an intention that will be re markably accomplished-was found by the side of it." This stone was doubtless fully noticed and described at the time of discovery. Will any reader of the Antiquary kindly tell me where? It would further oblige if any gentleman, who has personally inspected this remain, would inform me what sculptures it contains other than the Norsk risting. What are the precise terms of the inscription in the Old Norse or Icelandic dialect, of which I presume this is composed, and are the characters of the inscription what are termed Northern, or are they Scandinavian runes? What is the distinction between Scandinavian and Northern runic characters? What was the date, and what were the circumstances under which this stone was discovered ? SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN'S MALLET.-Some doubt is entertained as to whether the mallet which was used by her Royal Highness the Princess Mary in laying the foundationstone of the Kingston church schools was used by Sir Christopher Wren, as alleged, in laying the foundation-stone of St. Paul's cathedral. The Times says, "The mallet itself bears the following inscription on a silver plate :-By order of the M. W. the Grand Master his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, &c., &c., and W. Master of the Lodge of Antiquity, and with the concurrence of the brethren of the Lodge, this plate has been engraven and affixed to this mallet, A.L., 5831, A.D. 1827, to commemorate that this being the same mallet with which his Majesty King Charles II. levelled the foundation-stone of St. Paul's Cathedral, 5677, A.D. 1673, was presented to the Old Lodge of St. Paul's, now the Lodge of Antiquity, acting by immemorial constitution, by Brother Sir Christopher Wren, R.W.D.G.M., Worshipful Master of this lodge, and architect of that Cathedral.' It is not disputed that this is the identical mallet used on the occasion of laying the foundation-stone of St. Paul's, nor is it denied that it was subsequently in the possession of Sir Christopher Wren. The only question is whether the mallet was used by the architect himself, as stated by Dean Milman in his Annals of St. Paul's,' or whether the stone was laid or levelled,' by Charles II., as alleged by the Lodge of Antiquity in the above-quoted inscription." Can any one solve this matter? B. B. LAIRG, LARGS, LARGO.-I lately applied to your contemporary to help me to some explanation of these names from the Gothic view, but was curtly informed by an angry abettor of the "Doctrine of Celticism" that none would be forthcoming. Possibly some of your readers may have it in their power to help me? I suppose them to be Danish or Gothic. Lairg is situated on Loch Shin, Sutherlandshire, a confessedly Norse county. Largs was the scene of the famous defeat of the Scandinavians under the Norwegian King Haco, in 1263. At Largo, on the Fife coast, is a OUTER TEMPLE.-A "Dictionary of Chronology," by Mr. W. H. Overall, the librarian to the Corporation of the City of London, was published by Tegg, in 1870. It is stated, under the heading "Inns of Court," that "The Outer Temple was not made an inn of court until 1560." I fail to discover any evidence that it ever was an inn of court, and shall be much obliged to Mr. Overall if he will kindly refer me to his authority. The Outer Temple, I believe, stood near the site of the present Essex-street. Pearce, in his "Guide to the Inns of Court," states most distinctly that the Outer Temple never was an inn of court. Temple. LEX. BETTER HALF.-A man's wife is vulgarly termed his better half. What is the origin of this phrase? MDCCCXX. MARSOUIN. This term, in the French language, means a porpoise. Can any reader of the Antiquary explain the derivation? ERIK. PEDIGREE OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STUART.—Mr. Cosmo Innes, the Professor of Civil Law in the University of Edinburgh, in a footnote to "Remarks Concerning some Scotch Surnames," assigns the merit of the discovery of the true pedigree of the Royal House of Stuart to George Chalmers, the author of "Caledonia." It is otherwise affirmed, I know not on what authority, that this was first indicated by John Pinkerton. Will any reader of the AntiSINE LUMINE. quary kindly illumine my darkness? · ENGLISH DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS.-There is a sketch of the early life of the late Duncan Forbes, LL.D., Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London. This was written by himself, and printed for private circulation. At p. 9 of the memoir, Dr. Forbes states, "I left St. Andrews, after having finished the philosophy course of studies, and obtained my degree of Master of Arts.' This degree in Scotland is purely literary, like Doctor of Philosophy, among the Germans; it is conferred on laymen, that is, if they come up to the mark. In England it is more of a theological degree, and the possessor of it is always Reve rend.” I have known many Oxford and Cambridge men who, at the time of taking this degree certainly were not, and have not since, become entitled to be designated as Reverend. Up to what period in the history of our English universities, may I inquire, was the degree of Master of Arts limited to persons who had entered into holy orders, or was it, in fact, ever so limited? H. R. Replies. TENBY, PEMBROKESHIRE. (Vol. ii. p. 266.) F. C. H. wishes to know whether Tenby is a Danish name. I can positively say no. Its origin name was Dynbych y Pyscoed (Welsh), and means the fishing place or village at the little hill, fortress, or camp. Thus-Din hill fort; bech = small, little; the, and pyscoed, or pysgod fish; conf. Denbigh, in North Wales, a modernized form of Dinbech. Tenby is undoubtedly a corruption of the Welsh name, and to assert its Danish origin is simply denying the statements Brit., p. 180. Lewis's Topographical Dict. of Wales, art. Tenby and Rev. John Williams Ab Ithel's "Brut y Tywysogion." Rerum Denbigh. [We willingly insert Mr. Jeremiah's answer to F. C. H.'s query, which, however, we fear the latter will hardly regard as a reply. We venture to suggest our preference for such communications as address themselves particularly to the facts. Our correspondent, F. C. H., as we read, seems rather to deny that the name is Welsh, than to inquire if it be Danish. He requires, reasonably, as we think, the date of the earliest written document, in which the name is contained, and in what orthography it is there set down." That "Tenby" is "undoubtedly a corruption of the Welsh" is precisely what F. C H. does doubt, and in this he is not singular. Ferguson, in his Northmen in Cumberland and Westmoreland, adopts the same view.-ED.] PEERS EXECUTED FOR MURDER (ante Vol. ii., p. 267).— Charles, 7th baron, Stourton, was hanged at Salisbury, March 16, 1557, for the murder of one Hargill; and Laurence, 4th Earl Ferrers, suffered at Tyburn, May 5, 1760, for the murder of his steward, Mr. Johnson. W. P. GEORGE CRUIKSHANK (ante Vol. ii., p. 267).--With reference to the communication contained in your impression of November 2nd, I have to inform your correspondent that George Cruikshank never contributed a single design or drawing to the celebrated comic periodical called Punch, or to any similar work or works now before the public. Possibly your correspondent may be confounding the designs made for other publications by Mr. George Cruikshank, junior, the son of Percy Cruikshank, and grandson of George Cruikshank's late brother Robert. I understand that the designs of the younger Cruikshank are occasionally referred to merely as " designs by Cruikshank," by which many persons are led to suppose these the works of the veteran artist. It would prevent much confusion if the junior would adopt something more distinctive. Kensington. R. A. GAVELKIND (see ante, p. 266).-This word I have met with in early writings. The term is said by Lambard to be compounded of three Saxon words, gyfe, eal, kyn, or omnibus cognatione proximis data. Verstegan calls it gavel-kind or give all kind, that is to each child his part; and Taylor, in his history of gavel-kind, derives it from the British gavel, a hold or tenure, and cenned, generatio or famélia; and so gavelkind signifies tenura generationes. Nares calls gavill (or gavel) a sheaf of corn, hence equally," MS. Explic. of Norish words. Jamieson's Dict.— GAVELKIND is a tenure by which on the decease of NETHERLANDS INDIA (ante, Vol. ii., p. 267).—The present Governor-General of Netherlands India is named James Loudoun, and is one of five brothers, who have all attained a respectable position in life; one of them, lately deceased, having filled the responsible post of Vice-President of the Council of Netherlands India. They are sons of a Scotch physician, who, in his capacity of surgeon, was attached to the expedition which Lord Minto despatched to the shores of Java, and with what successful issue is well known. Dr. Loudoun quitted the British army, and married a Dutch lady. His father was a small farmer in the county of Forfar. The present Governor-General is understood to be an especial favourite with the King of Holland, and for some time acted as Commissary (a sort of Lord-Lieutenant) in South Holland. J. S. DK. Edinburgh, Dublin 66 ALLISON-ELLISON (ante, Vol. ii., p. 267).-I identify these with the Scandinavian personal names Ali and Elli, which appear to be distinct in their inception. Allison, as a surname, occurs among the early Danish names of the Norfolk coast, as does also the name Ellis. The former is found in the Danish parts of Cumberland, and Alison and Ellison within the "narrow slip of sea coast along the east of the Scottish lowlands, excepted by Mr. Cosmo Innes as free from suspicion of Gaelic admixture. The Norse proper name Ali is still borne by the descendants of the highlands of Scotland, with augmentations in the shape of Ostmen" in the orthography of Alley, and in the Alister, Macalister, &c.; among English surnames in the form of Aliston (Ali's tun). Ali is found in the Westmoreland place-name "Allithwaite," Elli, in Ellister, Argyll, “And as fields that have been long time cloyed and Elliston, Roxburgh. In Bowditch's Suffolk surnames, With catching weather when their corn lies on the GAVILL heap which are those of the city of Boston, U.S., and its immeAre with a constant north wind dried.”—Champ. Il. xxi. diate vicinity, these names occur in endless variety, as Ales, Gavelkind, in English law, means a species of tenure of Aliset, Alley, Allis, Allison, Allistre, Eli, Ely, Ella, Ellis, lands which previous to the Norman Conquest is considered Elithorp, Ellison. Bowditch derives the English surname to have been the general custom of the realm, and which still Ale from the liquor so named, and places the name Allison exists in the county of Kent, in consequence of the success among what he calls "male female names." "Alison, the that attended the struggles of the Kentish men to preserve historian," he suggests (without probability, as I think), their ancient liberties. The chief properties of gavelkind" is perhaps Alice's son." Cognate with these from their are, that the lands descend not to the eldest, youngest, or distribution and surroundings are the surnames of Allin, any one son only, but to all the sons together; that the Allen, Allan, Allinson, Allenson, Allanson, Alenby, tenant may aliene his estate at fifteen years of age by means Alonby, &c. The terminations, tun, sier, thwaite, and of a feoffment, and that the estate does not escheat in case prefix mac are one and all Gothic. of an attainder and execution for felony, the maxim being— "The father to the bough, the son to the plough." In most places the tenant had the power of devising lands by will, before the statute for that purpose was made. Though the lands in Kent have now for the most part been disgavelled by certain statutes, the presumption is still in favour of this species of tenure until the contrary be shown. (See "Encyclopædia Britannica," 8th ed., Vol. X., p. 4441.) The custom holds good in Shetland as well as in Kent," whereby, upon the father's death, the youngest got the dwelling-house, while the other property was divided RR. MS. RELATING TO THE ABBEY OF DEIR (Vol. ii., p. 265).-Allow me to correct two typographical errors which Mark Anthony Lower gives this among patronymics derived from Christian names; but whence were derived Christian names? Many baptismal, otherwise called Christian names, as I think, show signs of Pagan origin. "Great numbers of them," Mr. Lower says, "have been assumed in the genitive case, as John Reynolds, for John the of Reynold," &c. If my memory does not entirely fail me " Ragnvald " was an Orkney Jarl of the heathen period. From this name, without Highland and Lowland Scotch surnames of Ranald, Ronald, and doubt, we have the English surnames Reynold and Reynolds, and Ronaldson. occur in my paper contained in your impression of 2nd inst. It was taken in the fourth century before the Christian era, (see ante, p. 265). For "Cards Bretons" read "Bards to Scotland, by Fergus (the son of Ferquard, one of the Bretons." For "Horsart de la Villemarque " read "Hersart kings of Ireland), who had come to the assistance of the de la Villemarque." BILBO. Scots against the Picts, and was accepted king, and crowned at Argyll 330 B.C. When the English king, Edward I., invaded Scotland in 1296, he took possession of the "Stone of Fortune," and brought it to England, where it has ever since remained, and every subsequent monarch of somewhat similar regard was paid to a particular stone by this country has been crowned while sitting on it. A the Saxon monarchs, many of whom were crowned at Kingston (King's Stone), and when I saw it a few months since it was carefully preserved in the centre of the town, ANCIENT IRISH HISTORY (ante, Vol. ii., p. 267).—There is "The History of Ireland, Ancient and Modern, translated from the French of the Abbé Mac-Geoghegan, by Patrick O'Kelly, Esq., Dublin, 1844." I do not know whether this may be the history of Ireland about which your correspondent inquires. Kingstown. M. FITZGERALD. DARIEN COMPANY (ante, Vol. ii., p. 266).—The Glasgow Herald, of January 2, 1860, contains a list of the names of the persons comprising the ill-fated Darien Company. The editor states that the list is reprinted from a rare pamphlet, issued in 1696. This was the first joint-stock company in which the people of Scotland adventured, and it was the most disastrous. It left the nation almost in a state of bankruptcy. The loss amounted to 400,000l., a fabulous sum in that day for a small, poor country like Scotland. The books and journals of the company, including the reports of William Paterson, the founder of the expedition, as well as of the Bank of England, are preserved in the Advocates Library. W. G. SURNAME GODOLPHIN (ante, Vol. ii. p. 267).—The name Godolphin is formed by the union of the Danish personal names Gó and Dolgfinn-r. Many Norse and Anglo-Norse names are so composed; as Norsk Sveinbiörn, corresponding with English Swinburn; the former being the united Norsk proper name of Svein and Biörn. The Scandinavian personal name Dolfinng-r is found in the north of England placenames Dolphin-sty and Dolphin-by." Dr. John, Godolphin was born at Scilly, in 1617. The place-name Swinburne is evidently one imposed by the Northmen, who, in not a few instances, called places by their individual names without any other word attached to it. 66 66 EIGIL. "Abide HYMNOLOGY.-In answer to the query of A. W. (see ante, p. 267), the author of the hymn commencing, with me," &c., was the Rev. Henry Francis Lyte, who, we learn from a brief but interesting memoir in Christopher's Hymn Writers, and their Hymns" (S. W. Partridge, London), was then pastor of Brixham, in the county of Devon. The last twenty years of his life were spent in that parish, and just before he left it to go in search of health to his last resting-place on earth, the city of Nice (where he soon sank and died), he penned that beautiful composition, which will ever remain a precious legacy to the Church to the end of time. It is not old, as your correspondent supposes, having been composed only in 1847. In our new Lord Chancellor's "Book of Praise " (Macmillan, London), there are fifteen other hymns by the same gifted author, but none so striking as the one referred to. In the latter work, as well as in Christopher's, eight verses are given; whilst in all the collections of hymns in which it appears, five verses only are printed; the 4th, 5th, and 7th being left out. R. E. WAY. Although unable to state what may have been the ancient UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH (ante, Vol. ii., p. 266).practice of the University of Munich in regard to the admission of foreigners, as an old student, I can answer as to the modern usage. English students are admitted on precisely the same conditions as Germans. All that is required is simply a certificate of proficiency from the previous place of education to the effect that the applicant is sufficiently advanced to follow the usual curriculum, and that he knows enough of the German language to be able to understand the lectures. There can be no foundation for the statement that members of the Hebrew nation are not eligible to a chair at Munich University. The late Professor Wertheim, from whom I experienced much personal kindness, was a Jew by race and religion. F. R. N. ROGER. Facts and Jottings. ON the Ist instant, the contributors of our contemporary, Notes and Queries, entertained Mr. William J. Thoms to a complimentary dinner at Willis's Rooms," in recognition of the manner in which he has conducted that periodical for copyright of the publication in question has been transferred twenty-three years." Most of our readers are aware that the by Mr. Thoms to Sir C. W. Dilke, and that Notes and Queries is now conducted under the editorial supervision of established between the Republic of the politician and the Dr. Doran, F.S.A. A kind of connecting link is thus Republic of letters. We trust Mr. Thoms may be long spared to enjoy the result of his labours so satisfactorily concluded. MR. J. P. EARWAKER, B.A., of Merton College, has been nominated by Mr. J. H. Parker as deputy-keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. WE understand that the members of the Grampian Club intend to present the Rev. Dr. Charles Rogers, in consideration of his services as secretary and founder of the Villa." society, with a villa at Lewisham, to be called “Caledonian GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL.-The new reredos of Gloucester Cathedral, the gift of the Freemasons of the province, is now about finished; but the restoration of the sedilia being still incomplete, it is probable that the cathedral will not be opened for worship before next spring. The reredos is about 20 feet long, and from the floor to the top of the cross which ornaments the central pinnacle the distance is 27 feet. The figures and groups, which are contained in seven niches, are each between four and five feet high. The figures are those of Moses, St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. David; the groups represent the Nativity, Entombment, and Ascension. The restoration of the south porch is now complete. CORONATION STONE (ante, Vol. ii., p. 267).-The early history of this stone, which gives it as the identical stone on which Jacob rested his head when in a dream he saw the angels on the ladder, is of course purely fabulous, and MERTON HALL-This ancient Oxford building has been its journey to Ireland is scarcely more authentic. It is recently restored. The roof is believed to be one of the stated to be the stone on which the early kings of Ireland finest in Oxford. The windows, generally, have been resat when they were crowned, and was known as the Innis- stored. The architect has endeavoured to adhere to the fail, or the "Stone of Fortune." The belief was, that work of the Middle Ages, and to obliterate the work of sucwhere this stone should be there should be the dominion. I ceeding architects. The cloister has been restored, and the tower and spire have been repaired. The lantern story of the tower has been opened out, the internal stone work has been renovated, and the internal fittings of the choir and nave have been restored. The bells are now placed in a wooden campanile over the hall staircase, which is to be concealed by a massive stone tower, according to the original intention of Cardinal Wolsey. AUTOGRAPH LETTERS.-The Hon. G. M. Fortescue, of Dropmore, has recently presented to the Bodleian Library a very valuable collection of autograph letters (some 500 in number) of the chief personages of the court of James I. They comprise letters from the king himself, and his daughter, Elizabeth of Bohemia, the Duke of Buckingham, Bacon, &c. By permission of Mr. Fortescue they have all been printed. STIRLING BURGH RECORDS.-The records of the ancient borough of Stirling (containing much curious matter), are about to be published as one of the volumes issued by the Grampian Club. They will be edited by the Rev. Dr. Charles Rogers. Obituary. WE have to record the death of Dr. Husenbeth, on 31st ult., one of the earliest contributors of our contemporary Notes and Queries. Dr. Husenbeth was the Roman Catholic priest in Costessy, vulgarly called Cossey, county Norfolk. His communications have been long favourably known under the initials F. C. H. Dr. Husenbeth had attained the advanced age of eighty-six. We will not, however, say with our contemporary, Requiescat in pace, believing, as we do believe, that "In the cold grave to which we haste, Fotices to Correspondents. [Correspondents who reply to queries would oblige by referring to the volume and page where such queries are to be found. We would esteem it a favour if our friends would kindly present their replies in a succinct and digested form. This week we have several answers to relatively unimportant queries, extending over some eight or ten folio pages, and which, with every disposition to oblige, it is impossible to insert. W. Winters. We thank you very much for your offer of rubbings of monumental brasses, of which, however, we can hardly avail our. selves just at present. Your other suggestions have our considera. tion. Nid in Norway, are no doubt the same name. They are probably C. C. S.-The Nith in Dumfriesshire, the Nidin Yorkshire, and the derived from Scandinavian nidr, murmur, as of a running stream. It was a common practice with the Northmen to designate rivers from the sound of their waters. The change of d into th, or the converse is in accordance with many well-authenticated examples. There is no foundation for the statement that ail British river names are Celtic. M.A. Oxon. We do not consider the word "brass," in the sense Norse word brass, impudence, from the verb brasta, to live "disso. of assurance, a metaphor derived from the metal. It is simply the lutely. Escutcheon.-The origin of the double tressure which surrounds the Scottish Lion in the British Imperial Insignia is still to be discovered. The story of the Gallic "Alliance" is long since exploded. Foreigner-It is a solecism to say "those sort of things." The proper expression is "that sort of thing." 7. N.-Lord Balmerino (called by the old-fashioned natives of the place whence is derived this title, Be-mirr-ney) was executed on Tower-hill for his share in the battle of Culloden. A very old house situated in the town of Cupar, Fife, once the residence of this ill-fated nobleman, was destroyed by fire on the 5th inst. Graduate.-It was Dean Swift who obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts speciali gratia, a phrase which at Trinity College, Dublin. carries with it the utmost marks of disgrace. On presenting himself for admission at Oxford, the expression speciali gratia, which was or is peculiar to the University of Dublin, was construed to mean in reward of extraordinary merit. He was, therefore, immediately admitted ad eundem, and chose to enter himself of Hart Hall, now Hartford College. Z. Z.-We fancy it must be Dr. Solander to whom our correspondent refers. It was he who caused the men of the expedition to repeat, while walking over the ice in the Arctic regions, He who lies down shall sleep, and he who sleeps shall wake no more." B. R. S. Frost.-Many thanks for your note. If you would kindly transmit to us, under a registered cover, the MS. to which you refer, we should be better able to judge of its value as a thing for publication in our columns. In any event, the MS. would be restored to you in the same condition in which we may receive it. Drake Pedigree.-Our correspondent who favoured us with an account of this pedigree would oblige by sending us his address, which has been unfortunately mislaid. Bar-dexter.-The Scotch expression " gang to the widdie " is good faith. equivalent to " go to the gallows." The term " widdie " seems to have had its origin in the barbarous, but now, fortunately, obsolete, practice of hanging criminals in chains after execution. It is evidently the Norse word vidia, a chain, used in a secondary sense to designate the gibbet. The Scotch word widdie has also the significance of a rope or halter. In Cumberland there is a game played by children, in which what is called a "chain" is formed by joining hands. This is also termed the "widdy." R. C. D.-The correspondent of Notes and Queries to whom you refer is mistaken in saying that the surname of Dexter is indigenous to the county of Norfolk. The Norwich Dexters are an importation from Leicestershire, on the borders of Northamptonshire. Talmud.-Captain Burton evidently exaggerates the drunkenness of the Icelanders. His statement has been contradicted by other travellers who have visited that remote island. Captain Burton need not travel far from home for examples of intoxication. We doubt if the intemperance of the natives of Iceland surpasses that of the natives of many portions of our own kingdom, All communications should be addressed to the Editor, Victoria Press, Harp-alley, Farringdon-street, E.C. Notices of Books: Just issued from the Press, Archæological Essays, by the late Sir James Y. Simpson. Edited by John Stuart, LL.D., author of "The Sculptured Stones of Scotland." Contents-I. Archæology, Past and Present. II. Inchcolm. III. The Cat Stane. IV. Magical Stones. V. Pyramid of Gizeh. VI. Leprosy in Scotland. VII. Greek Medical Vases. VIII. Medical Officers in Roman Army. IX. Roman Medicine-Stamps, &c. Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities. Contents-I. Introductory II. Charters. III. Parliament. IV. The Old Church. V. Old Forms of Law. VI. Rural Occupation. VII. Students' Guide Books. VIII. Appendix. By Cosmo Innes, Edinburgh; Edmon ston and Douglas, LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1872. CONTENTS.-No. 42. MISCELLANEA:-The Landing of the Saxons in Kent, 281-Ecclesiastical Condition of the Burgh of Dundee before the Reforma tion, 281-Pedigree of the Family of Drake, 282-Monumental Inscriptions, &c., in Theydon Gernon Church, co. Essex, 283The Abbey Church, Abbotsbury, Dorset, 285-Trial of William Penn, 286. consideration of five merks annually paid to them by the Monastery of Lindores, as rector, on whom by law the maintenance of the choir fell. Being thus responsible for the choir, as well as the rest of the church, donations of churchplate, vestments, books, &c., for its use, were afterwards made to the magistrates as the proper custodiers. It was apparently in connection with this obligation of the burgesses that the officer called 'kirk-master' was appointed, though NOTES:-Flora MacDonald, 288-Escurial: Escorial-Misquoted Quo- his duties naturally extended after the Reformation. tation-The English Language-Lava out of Mount Vesuvius. "Besides the parochial vicar there were numerous endowed QUERIES:-The Danish Boy's Whistle, 288-Curmudgeon-Swedish secular clergy in Dundee. One Earl of Craufurd endowed a v. Anglo-Saxon-School-House, Riverhead, Kent-Quotation: chantry of five priests, or vicars-choral, in honour of St. wanted the Authorship-Glasgow Arms-The Gift of the Gab-George the Martyr (10th December, 1406); and there are Chaff-Burn, a brook-Edinburgh-Arthur Masson-HusbandRoger of that Ilk-Songaing. still extant many charters by different earls of that family founding and endowing chaplains to perform service in the parish church of Dundee." These priests, with probably some others, formed the body known as the chaplains of the choir,' 'hebdomadars of the choir,' or simply choristers.' "The other chaplainries and altarages were also very nu. REPLIES:-Brass, impudence, 290—The Athenaum-Peers executed for Murder-Monumental Brasses-The Wallace Sword-Gavelkind-Etymology of Swansea-English Degree of Master of Arts -Better Half-Marsouin-Tradesmen's Tokens-Sword of the Black Prince. FACTS AND JOTTINGS, 292. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES, 292. NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS, 292, Miscellanea. merous. "The following subordinate endowments were wholly or mostly in the parish church, dedicated to the Virgin :-The chapelry, chantry, or altarage of St. Clement, St. John Baptist, St. John Evangelist, St. Andrew, St. Ninian, St. Thomas, St. Katharine, St. Agatha, St. Barbara, the Rood Altar, All Saints or Allhallows, St. Servanus, St. Fillan, St. James the Greater, St. Margaret the Queen, St. Stephen the Martyr, St. Anne, St. Anthony, St. Traduan, St. Law THE LANDING OF THE SAXONS IN rence, St. James the Less, St. Leonard the Confessor, St. KENT. Colme. These chantries were chiefly endowed with fixed annual rents, very commonly 10 merks, but some had lands AN anonymous communication under this heading, last which were either leased or feued. The Haly-blood Altar, week, much to our regret, found its way into the pages of in the south aisle of the parish church, was largely endowed the Antiquary. The circumstances were these. Being late by the Guild of Merchants out of duties levied on merchanin going to press, we merely glanced at the article in ques-dise. The three kings of Cologne had an altar, the revenue tion, and observing something about Hengist and Horsa, of which in 1561 was at least £30. A chaplain of St. Salhastily appended the note as given in our issue, No. 41. vator, in the parish church, had 5 from the Customs of Subsequently discovering that the paper contained person-Dundee, allowed yearly in exchequer, to pray for the soul of alities of an objectionable character, we decided to suppress it altogether. It was, however, re-introduced through some misconception on the part of the compositor, after we had left the printing office. ECCLESIASTICAL CONDITION OF THE WHAT follows is taken from the Report by Mr. Cosmo "The church and church lands of the whole parish, which included the Burgh of Dundee, belonged to the Monastery of Lindores by the gift of its founder Earl David, the brother of William the Lion, King of Scotland. the murdered Duke of Rothsay, son of King Robert III., besides the third part of the lands of Milton of Cragy and of the lands of Westfield, by grant of Patrick of Inverpeffer, confirmed by the same King. The chaplain of St. Thomas had land in the town on the north side of Flukergate (now Temple lands) in Kettens. St. Agatha had property, afterNethergate), and also some acres and a manse (formerly wards appropriated as the endowment of the Masters of the Grammar School. Our Lady Altar had an annual of £5 sterling out of the Customs of Dundee. The Rood Altar gave name to some yards on the east of the town. "Several chapels appear to have been endowed in other parts of the Burgh: : "A chapel dedicated to the Virgin was known as Our Lady Chapel in the Cowgait. "A chapel of St. Mary Magdalen stood on the west of the town, "A chaplainry of St. Mary the Virgin, in the church of St. Clement, was endowed with a third of the lands of Craigie. "Down to the period of the Reformation, the Abbey of Lindores, as rector of the parish, and entitled to the tithes, was bound to maintain a perpetual vicar of the church of Dundee; and by an ancient covenant, sanctioned by dioce- "St. Roche had a chapel near the Cowgait Port, in consan and papal authority, the perpetual vicar, instead of vicar-nection probably with a Leper hospital which stood outside age tithes, drew the altarage-that is, the dues of baptisms, the Burgh gate. burials, &c., and offerings belonging by law to the parochial church and paid to the convent ten merks yearly. The proper benefice of the vicarage, however, was much more valuable, and some of its property required in after times that the minister, though really stipendiary, should be legally constituted and styled vicar, to give a title to uplift certain rents. At the taking up of the thirds of benefices for the reformed clergy after the Reformation, the vicarage of Dundee was valued at £40, probably somewhat under its real value. "By another covenant, also sanctioned by the episcopal authority, (10th March 1442.) the burgesses undertook to maintain the abric of the choir of their parish church, in "The chapel of St. Nicholas in Rupe, infra fluxum maris, was close to the harbour. It was within a fortalice on the rock which was cut away for the pier of the present Ferry harbour. "St. Duthac had either a chapel, or lands from which a chapel was endowed, near the Wellgait. "An endowment of St. John of the Sklaitheuchs,' seems to mark a chapel connected with the slate quarries about a mile east of the town. "A chapel and chaplainry were founded in the Earl's Lodging, on the south side of the parish kirk. "An ancient church, dedicated to St. Clement, reputed the patron Saint of Dundee, occupied the site on which the |