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not proceed up the eastern side of Spitzbergen, but up the say at what period the bronze period ended, or when that of western. Barents wintered in Nova Zembla, and various iron began. It was probable that the end of the one and utensils and books were two years ago recovered from his the commencement of the other overlapped each other, and winter quarters in that island, where they had lain undis- bronze might have remained in use within a century of the turbed for nearly 280 years, and purchased for the Nether-invasion of Cæsar, and it doubtless extended back for lands Museum at the Hague. Hudson was the next to several centuries from that time. It was, however, obvious visit these islands, in 1607, and he was followed in the that while the manufacture of bronze was developed by succeeding years by a succession of whaling adventurers, contact from without, it was originally derived from the under the auspices of the Muscovy Company. The author invention of the inhabitants of the various countries where claimed the restoration of the old English names on modern it was used. The bronze period formed an important link maps. After a review of all that had been done down to between the stone and iron periods in the history of the the Swedish expeditions and those of English private manufacture of implements of various kinds. The lecture gentlemen - Birkbeck, Lamont, and Leigh Smith-in was illustrated by constant reference to the specimens recent years, the author concluded that no ship had ever exhibited in the room, and a vote of thanks to Mr. Evans yet passed round the eastern side of the Archipelago, terminated the proceedings. against which the ice pressed all through the summer, SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY.-At the meeting while the western and northern shores were free between of this Society held on Tuesday, February 4 (Dr. BIRCH, July and September. To the east and north-east of the F.R.S.L., president, in the chair), the following candidates islands he believed there was another extensive tract of land were duly elected members:-Rev. C. Bolden; William or group of islands yet remaining to be visited. He quoted Alfred Burns, Esq.; Sir William W. Burton (of India); Scoresby and others to show there was no evidence of the existence of land to the north of the islands, and he believed Arthur Cates, Esq.; Rev. J. B. Coles; Hon. Mrs. Henry there was no open sea in the height of summer, but that Hassell, Esq., A.K.C.L.; Frederick Morley Hill, Esq.; Gage; John Harward, Esq.; Count Gleichen; Joseph the loosened ice pressed away southward, past Spitzbergen, Rev. J. Johnson; Rev. George Miller, M.A.; John W. even from the Pole itself, leaving only lanes and small Phené, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.S.B.A., F.G.S., &c.; Robert spaces of open water. On this account he maintained that Cooper Ready, Esq.; the Marquis de Rothwell, M.A. Two it was not a route to be recommended for a national ex-following papers were then read:-(1.) On the Coincidence of pedition making scientific investigations towards the Pole, but that Smith Sound, with its long lines of coast extending northward, giving the safeguard of the land, was the best route that could be chosen. The reading of Mr. Markham's paper led to a discussion in which Captain Sherard Osborn, the Netherlands Minister, Admiral Collinson, Mr. Lamont, Captain Wells, R.N., and others joined. The following new Fellows were elected :-Dr. F. Hirth, Robert E. Large, William J. Mantle, James M. Spence.

the History of Ezra with the first part of the History of Nehemiah. By Rev. Daniel Haigh, M.A.-In this paper the learned chronologist endeavoured to show that Xerxes being the Ahasuerus of Esther, and his wife Amestris the famous Jewish queen, his son Artaxerxes was assumed at a very early age into coregency with his father in Persia, while in Babylon he did not date by his regnal years till after the death of Xerxes, at which time, he being thirteen years old, there would consequently arise that difference LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. of chronology between the records of the two kingdoms. -The monthly meeting of this society was held on Monday In the book of Ezra, the Babylonian era was adopted, last, at University College, Gower-street, J. ORDE HALL, whilst in that of Nehemiah the Persian computation is Esq., in the chair. Exhibitions of Samian ware and Roman used; upon synchronizing the passages contained in Ezra glass, found in Plough-court, Lombard street, by Mr. F. J. vii. 9-11, and vii. 15, 31, and ix. I, with Nehemiah i. 1, ii. Hanbury; of an early gold and silver (mixed) needle, from 1, 3, 9, 18, and viii. 1, &c., it would appear, according to the excavations of St. Mildred's Church, Poultry, by Mr. J. Mr. Haigh, that Ezra started first for Jerusalem, and that E. Cussans; silver plate and a silver-gilt triptych and plated at Ahava Nehemiah joined him, about Nisan, B.C. 458, and dishes (late 16th or early 17th century workmanship), by probably visited Jerusalem for the last time in B.C. 409. Mr. G. Lambert, F.S.A., and other objects of interest. A(2.) On an Assyrian Patera, with an Inscription in valuable paper by Mr. John G. Waller, on "Medieval Mo- Hebrew characters. By J. M. Rodwell, M.A.-This Patera, ralities, the Wheel of Fortune or of Life, and the Seven one of the finest discovered, was shown by Mr. Rodwell to Ages of Man on Ecclesiastical Art," was listened to with have been used for purposes of divination, the text beautimuch attention, illustrated as it was by various large and fully written in square rabbinical Hebrew characters, having. well-executed drawings, prints, and also by rubbings of part reference to magical prognostics; although of late date, it of a monumental brass at Bruges, illustrative of the wheel yet represented a large class of more ancient bowls, to and its various representations of the stages of life. A dis- which, and the practices based upon them, there were many cussion ensued, in which Mr. Weil and others took part. references in the Scriptures. Some Remarks upon a Passage Suggestions in favour of Sir J. Lubbock's Bill for Preserva- in the Panulus of Plautus. By Rev. J. M. Rodwell, tion of our National Monuments, was freely commented on, M.A.-In this paper the learned author had succeeded, by and its recommendations met with the hearty approval of the a new transliteration and arrangement of the words in the meeting. famous Phoenician soliloquy, to make a perfectly congruous Hebrew passage, which threw some light upon the reason why king Solomon supplied his Phoenician builders with such large supplies of meal and oil in preference to other commodities; in conclusion, certain Phoenician words were translated, and were shown to occur in an Hebraised form in the Old Testament.

ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.-At a recent meeting of the fellows of this society, under the presidency of Colonel LANE FOX, Mr. John Evans delivered an address on "The Bronze Period." After giving a most elaborate description of the varied forms of bronze implements, weapons, and ornaments discovered in many barrows and other places, Mr. Evans said that they were evidently of local manufacture, and were not derived from any one centre by commerce, because wherever they were found there also were discovered the moulds in which they were cast. The theory therefore, he contended, of bronze articles being supplied solely by the Phoenicians was a fallacious one. As to the chronological history of the bronze period, very little was known, but it was certain when the Romans invaded this country iron was in use. It was impossible, however, to

NEWCASTLE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.--The sixtieth annual meeting of this society was held at the Castle, Newcastle, on Monday, February 3-Mr. JOHN CLAYTON presiding, in the unavoidable absence of Lord Ravensworth, the president. The Secretary (Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe) read the report of the council as follows:-" The council of the society, on the sixtieth anniversary, have in the first place to congratulate the members on the issue of the handsome Part III. of Dr. Bruce's able Lapidarium Septentrionale.'

Independently of the high merit which it possesses for book collectors, and gentlemen specially learned in Roman antiquities, its contents have an intrinsic interest for students of other ancient objects, on which the carlier remains here illustrated throw no little light. The plates of the finished part of the Archæologia Eliana,' to which Mr. Clayton is kindly contributing, have not yet been completed, but the printing of another part is proceeding, and the issue of both will speedily be effected. Reverting to the Lapidarium Septentrionale,' to which, after all, our attention must be principally fixed, we have to report that Part IV. is progressing as rapidly as the careful tests of accuracy permit; and that it is the intention of the learned author to prefix an introduction, in which he will attempt to grasp a general idea of the state of society of Northern Britain, as revealed by the monuments, the minute details of which at present occupy his time.

done to ensure accuracy-by careful revision and by the transmission of proofs of each Pedigree to the heads of every respective familyhas been done, so that this work may fairly be accepted as an authority;" indeed, we are told that its success has already been so complete that the compiler (Mr. Foster) announces volumes for Yorkshire, Cheshire, and Derbyshire.

These Pedigrees are by no means a mere dry record of genealogy, but history or anecdote, where possible, has been introduced; thus rendering the perusal of this work to any one associated with it of almost infinite interest. To single out any special Pedigrees for any but special features would be invidious, but the following are mentioned as not having hitherto been published in extenso:-Benson, of Stang End; Blundell, of Ince Blundell; Bridgeman, of Great Lever; Chorley, of Chorley; Cunliffe, of Cunliffe; Dawes, of Shawe Place; Peel, of Peele Fold: Rawlinson, of Greenhead'; Sandys, of GraithForde, of Forde Green; Kenyon, of Gredington; Morley, of Morley; waite; Shuttleworth, of Lancashire, &c.

published by Mr. Hardwicke, of Piccadilly. This very useful work is A new edition of Mr. Walford's County Families has just been dedicated to the Prince of Wales, and has now made its thirteenth annual appearance. In the preface the author tells us that about 250 new names have been added to the present edition, without however increasing its bulk. This, Mr. Walford adds, has been effected by the omission or curtailment of redundant matter, which was not n strict keeping with the plan of the book.

Notices to Correspondents.

The Sheet Pedigrees are, without exception, the most comprehensive of their kind ever published, and contain all the living representatives of each family, in addition to including many of the extinct branches, which often have been the most distinguished. It only remains for us to add that the printing of the work has been The society took active measures, which its noble pre-most admirably executed by Messrs. Head, Hole, Co., of Farring sident heartily and usefully supplemented, to prevent the don Street, and that the general appearance of the volume does further removal of local records to London. The Duke great credit to all concerned in its production. of Richmond took charge of our petition to the House been published by Messrs. Hurst & Blackett, has now reached its Lodge's Peerage and Baronetage, a new edition of which has just of Lords, and considerable public interest was excited by forty-second year of publication; and, judging from the care that has the clauses in the Ecclesiastical Courts and Registries Bill, always been bestowed upon this work, we have no doubt that the which proposed to transfer all episcopal registers and parish present edition will prove equally useful and trustworthy as a book of registers to the metropolis. They were eventually with reference as its predecessors have been. drawn, but the subject requires the most constant vigilance. A recent volume of the Surtees Society (which, with the corporation of York, was also energetic in opposing the removal of records and the attempted destruction of local research) may be mentioned with advantage. It is a full summary with frequent copies of the register of Archbishop Gray, of York, one of the documents sought to be removed. Under the able editorship of our member, Canon Raine, it has received ample illustration by other documents, and it is specially mentioned here, because its title might not at first sight lead the Northumbrian inquirer to the valuable mass of matter connected with the Hexham district which it contains, by reason of the liberty of Hexham having belonged to the archbishops. It shows, moreover, that the marriage and hereditary succession of priests, to which attention, in connection with Hexham, was drawn at one of our annual meetings, continued in the North of England more extensively and at a much later period than we then supposed. There seems to have been a doubt as to the validity of the title of new incumbents of the livings when the system was brought to an end; and we find Pope Honorius, as late as 1226, ordering Archbishop Gray not to eject one of the hereditary priests until he had provided him with some other competent benefice. In conclusion, we have to announce the opinion of Canon Greenwell that, while our collection of British antiquities comprises many objects of great interest and value, its condition and the means afforded for its study are unsatisfactory. He suggests the immediate publication of the catalogue of our British remains, which it is under- A. R. (Maidstone).-The Barony of Le Despencer was conferred stood has been prepared by Dr. Charlton, and volunteers tc by writ in 1264. Any good peerage will give you the other informa. tion you seek. have them properly cleaned, joined, and arranged at his S. L. (Wallingford).-The legend of Herne the Hunter occurs in Another offer has been made, which we will Shakspeare's "Merry Wives of Windsor." The period when Herne thankfully accept. Mr. Bates, of Wolsingham, has deter-lived-if, indeed, such a personage ever existed at all-is unknown. mined to procure a copy of, and to print, the Commonwealth survey of the Durham benefices, similar to that of the Northumberland ones already given by Mr. Hodgson, and to present to us sufficient copies to form an appendix to the current volume of Archeologia Æliana.'"

own cost.

Notices of Books:

Pedigrees of Lancashire Families. Compiled by Joseph Foster. THIS work is a companion volume to Baines's "Lancashire," and bids fair to inaugurate a new feature in. Pedigrees. From the list of families which it embraces, the work must be of undoubtedly great interest to every one connected with the Palatinate, and might, indeed, pass as the Visitation of Lancashire in 1872. Many of the more important Pedigrees have been revised and corrected, and, as is stated in the preface to the work, "everything that could have been

Correspondents who reply to queries would oblige by referring to the volume and page where such queries are to be found. To omit this gives us unnecessary trouble. A few of our correspondents are slow to comprehend that it is desirable to give not only the reference to the query itself, but that such reference should also include all previous replies. Thus a reply given to a query propounded at Vol. ., page 4, to which a previous reply had been given at page 20, and another at page 32, requires to be set down (Vol. iii. 4, 20, 32). 7. S. (Ipswich).-Sir Robert de Septvans died in 1306. brass" which you allude to is in Chartham Church, Kent, and has been often engraved. The arms of the family were Azure, three Mr. Planché, however, in his "Corner of winnowing fans, or.

The

Kent," is of opinion that the fans were at first seven in number, for

"Sept-vans."

A. Z.-The lines on King Arthur's Round Table will be found in
Drayton's "Polyolbion."
T. Spencer.-The title of Prince of Mindelheim in Suabia, of the
Holy Roman Empire, was conferred on the Duke of Marlborough
.P.-The lines on Netley Abbey, which you quote, were written
by the Rev. Canon Bowles.
seventh century.
F. T. (York).-The Venerable Bede lived in the second half of the

in 1708.

of the Duke of Somerset.

R. M. E.-The author of the poem you allude to was King James I.; in it his Majesty tells the story of his love for Jane Beaufort, daughter Invicta.-Malling Abbey, Kent, is supposed to have been built about the same time as Rochester Cathedral. Bishop Gundulph was

the builder of both.

T. F. F-Basing House, which forms the subject of one of Landseer's most popular pictures, is about a mile from Basingstoke, 'in Hampshire.

NOTICE.

We shall be glad to receive contributions from competent and capable persons accomplished in literature or skilled in archæology, and generally from any intelligent reader who may be in possession of facts, historical or otherwise, likely to be of general interest. To all communications should be affixed the name and address of the sender; not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Communications for the Editor should be addressed to the Publishing Office, 11, Ave Maria-lane, E.C.

VOL. III.-FEB. 22, 1873.]

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1873.

CONTENTS.-No. 51.

THE CASTLES, HALLS, AND MANOR HOUSES OF ENGLAND, 85.

85

pedlar removed to Haddon, laid in the hall, and covered with a sheet. He then sent for the cottager to come immediately, and, on his arrival, at once questioned him as to where the pedlar was who was seen to enter his house the night before. The man denied having seen him, or knowing anything about him; when Sir George uncovered the body before him, ordering that all persons present should

MISCELLANEA :-Lockit Buik of the Burgesses of Dundee, 88-A Pro- touch the body in succession, at the same time declaring their

clamation of Queen Mary, 89.

NOTES: Churches in Kent, 90-St. Valentine's Day.
QUERIES:-Glastonbury Church, 92-St. Pancras-" The Cruel
Mother"-Grant to Wear Hats at Court-Abbotsford-The
Cross at Lucca-Captain William Hooper-Nobility-"The
Mourner"-Swakeley House, Middlesex-Kentish Churches-
Henchman-Essex Head Club-Mary, Queen of Scots-Mayors'
Official Prefix-Alexandrian Codex-Whimsical Epitaph-Garth,

the Poet.

REPLIES:-St. Margaret-at-Cliffe, near Dover, 93-Fossil Quadru-
mana-Topographical Queries-Minster Church, Kent-Brace
-Wood Engraving-Rompu-Wedding Customs, Cranbrook,
Kent-Formula of LL.D.-St. Mungo.
PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES:-Society for the Encouragement of the
Fine Arts, 95.

NOTICES OF Books, 95.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, 96.

THE CASTLES,

HALLS, AND
HOUSES OF ENGLAND.

HADDON HALL, DERBYSHIRE.

MANOR

innocence of the murder. The suspected man, when his
turn came, declined to touch the body, and instantly rushed
out of the hall, and made his way, as fast as his legs could
carry him,' through Bakewell and towards Ashford. Sir
George instantly ordered his men to mount and follow him,
and to hang him wherever they caught him. The murderer
was caught in a field opposite the present toll-bar at Ash-
ford, and at once hanged, and the field still bears the name
of the gallows acre,' or 'galley acre.' Sir George is said to
have been cited to London for this extraordinary piece of
Lynch law, and when he appeared in court he was summoned
To these he
twice to surrender as 'the King of the Peak.'
made no reply, and the third time he was called on as Sir
George Vernon, when he stepped forward and acknowledged
himself, Here am I!' Having been summoned as the
'King of the Peak,' the indictment fell through, and Sir
George was admonished and discharged." At the time of
his death, in 1567, Sir George Vernon was possessed of no
less than thirty manors in Derbyshire alone. He was twice
married, and left issue by his first wife, two daughters, co-
heiresses, Margaret and Dorothy, who conveyed his immense
Margaret Vernon
possessions to their respective husbands
became the wife of Sir Thomas Stanley, second son of
Edward, third Earl of Derby; and Dorothy, of whom we
shall have occasion to speak hereafter, married Sir John
Manners, second son of Thomas, Earl of Rutland, and
direct ancestor of the Duke of Rutland, the present noble

" and the

THE noble mansion which forms the subject of this paper is situated near Bakewell, and occupies a position of great beauty on a natural elevation formed by a mass of lime stone, at the base of which flows the river Wye, spanned by a pretty but venerable bridge. Viewed from a short dis-owner of Haddon Hall. The approach to Haddon Hall, for foot passengers, is tance, Haddon Hall, with its towers and battlements, has somewhat the appearance of a fortress; but a closer inspec- over the bridge before mentioned, which leads direct to the tion will show that it is little fitted for the purposes of defence cottage where dwells the custodian of the keys. Having -indeed, the greater part of the present building is said to gained admittance into the garden, the visitor passes the have been erected at a period "when moral force and law old stables, the walls of which are supported by several This archway, had superseded the tenure by which property was main-substantial buttresses. A steep hill leads up to the great tained in earlier times, and, unlike most of our ancient arched gateway that forms the entrance. baronial halls, its history from the first may be said to have with its nail-studded door, is directly under a high tower of Gothic architecture, decorated with heraldic bearings. been one of peace and hospitality." At a very early period, Haddon, it is recorded, was held Beneath the entrance archway on the right is the guard by tenure of knight's service by William Avenell, who re-room, with its original fire-place, "peep-hole,' sided there, and held much land in the neighbourhood. framework of an iron bedstead used by the "sturdy porter " From the Avenells, the manor and estate of Haddon passed in olden times. by marriage into the family of the Vernons. For upwards of three centuries and a half Haddon remained in the possession of this family, many of whom, we are told, held situations of great trust and importance, including that of Constable of England. Sir George Vernon, the last of this branch of the family, succeeded to the estates on the death of his father, in 1515, and lived at Haddon in such a style of princely magnificence and hospitality as to earn for himself It is said of him that he the title of "King of the Peak." was not only generous and hospitable, but also one of the most just and strict of men, which latter quality, perhaps, he exercised to too great an extent, as will be seen from the following anecdote, narrated by the authors of a very in teresting and useful account of Haddon Hall,* which has been recently published :-" It is related that a pedlar who had been hawking his wares in the neighbourhood was found murdered in a lonely spot. He had been seen the evening before to enter a cottage, and never afterwards seen alive. As soon as Sir George became aware of the fact of the crime having been committed, he had the body of the

"Haddon Hall; an Illustrated Guide and Companion for the
By S. C. Hall, F.S. A., and Llewellyn Jewitt,
Tourist and Visitor."
F.S.A. 1871.

After mounting the inner steps, rendered necessary by the unevenness of the ground on which Haddon is built, the visitor passes into the first or lower court-yard; and here it is at once perceptible that Haddon consists of two court-yards or quadrangles, with buildings surrounding each. After crossing the court-yard, a second flight of steps leads to the state apartments. On the right is the chapel, and on the left appears the banqueting hall, with its minstrels' gallery, and other objects of interest. Here, as the authors of the work before referred to tell us, the visitor "will see around him the chief features of this once gay but now deserted mansion-grand in its solitude, and attractive in its very loneliness; and as he passes from court to court, from room to room, from chamber to chamber, or from tower to tower, and peoples them in his imagination with the beings who have lived and moved and had their being' there, he is ready to say :— Pleasant to see is this English Hall

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Of the olden time, on a summer's day,
Turret and tower, and buttress and wall
Shining and shadowed in green and grey.
Strange, to think of those times of old,

And of those who lived there-only a tale,
Doubtingly, dimly, guessed and told,

Of Châtelaines fair and of knights in mail,

Though the place remains where they lived and died, Seen, as they saw it, by you and me;

The scenes of their lives, of their griefs and their pride,
Telling its tale unmistakably.

The light still shines through the latticed pane
As it shone to them, and the shadowed door
Is the shadow they saw, and the stains remain
Of the wine they spill'd on the daïs floor.
The river that runs by the old Hall's walls
Murmured to them as it murmurs now;
The golden glow of the sunset falls
As it fell for them, on glade, river, and bough;

aisle leading up to the rood-loft and turret. The font is of Norman workmanship, and the altar stone still bears upon it the five crosses pattée, which denote its consecration in Roman Catholic times. The east window, of five lights, has some good stained glass, and on the walls are some remains of mural decoration, chiefly representing scenes in the early life of our Saviour. Of the interior of this chapel we here give an illustration.

In crossing the court-yard from the chapel to the banqueting hall, a flight of steps will be noticed near the doorway of the ante-chapel leading up to the state apartments; and entering the open doorway of the advanced porch, which,

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The hall where they feasted, the church where they pray'd,
Their cradles, and chambers, and gravestones, stay;
While lord and vassal, youth and maid,

Knight and lady have passed away."

The first room usually shown to visitors is the so-called Chaplain's Room, the first door on the right, after mounting the steps into the lower court. The chapel, which comes next in order, stands at the south-west corner of the building, is of the Perpendicular period, and consequently dates from the fifteenth century. It consists at present of a nave, with side aisles, and a chancel; a staircase at the east end of north

with a wide passage adjoining, conducts to the upper or second court-yard, the visitor will observe a very interesting relic of bygone times, which, we are told, was dug up near Bakewell many years ago; this is none other than a veritable Roman altar, bearing upon it an inscription, setting forth that it was dedicated to Mars, the god of war.

To the left of the passage four arched doorways give access respectively to the buttery, the great kitchen, and other domestic offices, and also to a staircase leading to a long suite of chambers on the north side of the building; whilst to the right is a massive oaken screen, with two open doorways, dividing the banqueting hall from the passage.

The banqueting hall is about 35 feet in length, and about quisitely designed geometrical tracery. From near the 25 in width, and has a modern timber roof. There are, how-upper end of the long gallery, a doorway opens into the ever, some remains of the original roof, which appears to ante-room, or Lord's Parlour; it is a small room, hung with have been adorned with pen lants, &c. The screen before paintings, and embellished with the crests of the Vernon's mentioned forms the front of the minstrels' gallery, over the and Manners' families. The chief interest attaching to this passage. On a raised daïs, at the opposite end of the hall, room is in the strongly barred door, which opens from it to is one of the tables used in ages long gone by, said to be one a flight of stone steps leading down to the terrace and garof the finest examples of its kind anywhere to be found. A den, and commonly known as " Dorothy Vernon's Door." gigantic fireplace, with its huge open chimney, is seen to the Passing through the ante-room, the visitor enters the state right on entering the hall, and at the end next the high table bed-room, of which we give an engraving. a flight of steps leads up to the state apartments.

Leaving the banqueting hall, we next enter the dining room, the end of which, opposite to the entrance, is entirely taken up by an elaborate Gothic window of eight lights; this room is wainscotted throughout, and the upper part richly carved with tracery, armorial bearings, &c. Passing up a

The walls of this chamber are hung with Gobelins tapestry, and it is lighted by a large bay window, overlooking the upper court-yard. The state bed is 14 feet 6 inches in height, and is furnished with green silk velvet and white satin richly embroidered with needlework; it is supposed to date from the fifteenth century. A doorway

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cient state room," which, two centuries ago, was distinguished
as the "best lodging room." A short flight of steps from
this apartment leads into a passage, or small room, where
there is still preserved a remarkable wooden frame for the
stringing of bows and cross-bows. Passing on through
several other old and cheerless-looking rooms, a spiral stair-
case is reached, which leads to the top of the Eagle Tower,
or, as it is variously called, King John's or Peverel Tower.
The gateway of this tower formed the only entrance for
horsemen and carriages, and communicated with Rowsley
and Bakewell by an old road which still exists
view from the summit is one that will well repay the trouble
of ascending it.

stone staircase, we now proceed to what are called the "state | behind the tapestry leads from this apartment to the "anapartments." The first room entered is the drawing room; it is a charming apartment, hung with tapestry, and among the other objects in it worthy of notice are a pair of exquisitely beautiful fire-dogs. From this room, a doorway opens into what is called the Earl's Dressing-room, which immediately communicates with the Earl's Bed-chamber; both these apartments are hung with tapestry, as also is the room we next enter, known as the Lady's Dressing-room. Retracing our steps to the landing at the top of the flight of stairs by which we ascended from the banqueting hall, we pass on to the long gallery, or ball-room. This superb room is 109 feet in length and 18 in width, and the whole of the flooring is said to have been obtained from a single oaktree grown in the park of Haddon. The walls of this gallery are panelled, and the coved ceiling is covered with ex

The

From this point the visitor returns into the ante-room, and then passes through "Dorothy Vernon s Door" out into

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