BLAKESLEE, GEORGE H., Editor. Latin America: Addresses Deliv- ered at Clark University. Louis N. Wilson.. 123-124 BOAS, FRANZ. Einfluss von Erblichkeit und Umwelt auf das 339-340 BOYCE, WILLIAM D. United States Colonies and Dependencies.. BROWN, J. MACMILLAN. The Dutch East: Sketches and Pictures. 483 HUAN-CHANG, CHEN. The Economic Principles of Confucius and his School..... 230 JONES, GEORGE HEBER. One of Japan's Great Problems.. JONES, LIVINGSTON F. A Study of the Thlingets of Alaska.. MABIE, HAMILTON WRIGHT. Japan, Today and Tomorrow.. 480 MARTIN, ASA E. Our Negro Population..... 344 MECHLIN, JOHN MOFFATT. Democracy and Race Friction.. 341-342 MILLER, KELLY. Out of the House of Bondage.. 345-346 MITRA, S. M. Anglo-Indian Studies... 348-350 NANSEN, FRIDJTOF. Through Siberia, the Land of the Future 467-468 PARKER, H. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon.. 472-473 QUILLIN, FRANK U. The Color Line in Ohio.. 343-344 Reinheimer, HERMANN. Evolution by Coöperation. F. H. Han- 123 By Señor Don Federico A. Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Peru..... By John Barrett, Director-General of the Pan-American By José Moneta, Captain, Argentina Navy, Commanding Battleship "Rivadaira," formerly member of the Argen- tina Boundary Commissions with Chile and Brazil....... 30 THE PROBABLE EFFECT OF THE OPENING OF THE PANAMA CANAL ON ADVANTAGES OF MAKING THE CANAL ZONE A FREE CITY AND FREE PORT By Edgar Ewing Brandon, Ph.D., Vice-President of Miami THE UNIVERSITIES AND AMERICAn InternaTIONAL RELATIONS By George W. Nasmyth, Ph.D., President of the Eighth International Congress of Students; Director of the In- ternational Bureau of Students.... THE RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH THE LATIN-AMERICAN By Leopold Grahame, formerly editor of "The Buenos Aires Herald" and of "The Argentina Year Book".... THE MIND OF THE LATIN-AMERICAN NATIONS ISSUED QUARTERLY $2.00 A YEAR 50 CENTS A COPY CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dean DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D................ Professor W. E. B. DuBois, Ph.D................... GEORGE W. ELLIS, K.C., F.R.G.S.... WM. CURTIS FARABEE, Ph.D..... University of California Rutgers College .New York ....Chicago ....University of Pennsylvania ...Oahu College, Honolulu .....Clark College Ass't-Professor ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, Ph.D..........Yale University President A. F. GRIFFITHS. Ass't-Professor FRANK H. HANKINS, Ph.D....... Associate Professor A. L. KROEBER, Ph.D........University of California Professor GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, LL.D...... ......Yale University Associate Professor PAYSON J. TREAT, Ph.D...................Stanford University Ass't-Professor FREDERICK W. WILLIAMS.. Yale University PUBLISHER LOUIS N. WILSON, Litt.D.... ........Clark University Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Masa. Copyright, 1914, Clark University. The printing of this number was completed July 22, 1914. Vol. 5 CAMHENGL THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT JULY, 1914 No. 1 CONTRASTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALITY IN THE ANGLO- AND LATINAMERICAN By Señor Don Federico A. Pezet, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Peru I have chosen as my subject, a question that is most important at this time, when there is a growing tendency to know better and understand the peoples of the LatinAmerican nations; to get closer to them by establishing bonds of friendship through commercial relations based on mutual respect and confidence, as is evidenced by this conference, and by the recent utterances of the President of the United States in his memorable declarations at Mobile. In order to determine properly the relative positions and conditions of the two great groups of individuals that people this American world, north and south of the Rio Grande and Gulf of Mexico, we must first study the contrasts in the development of nationality in these two groups that, for expediency, I shall denominate or class as "Anglo-American," and "Latin-American." No man can truly appreciate another, if he does not know him. No nation can feel friendship towards another if it does not know it. But to know, should imply understanding, without which there can be nothing in common, and understanding is an essential to draw individuals together, and so it is with nations. International relations are necessary, they are cultivated for many reasons, but they do not necessarily mean friendship. Nations, like individuals, live on good terms with their neighbors because it behooves them to do so, but this 1 THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 5, No. 1, 1914 does not imply that they are friends, that there is any closer relation between them, other than one of courteous deference towards each other. Such neighbors, whether they be individuals or nations, do not know each other, much less do they understand each other. There is consequently, no true friendship between them; no bond of union. Therefore, if such people wish to become friendly they must begin by knowing each other, becoming acquainted through intercourse and thus, discover their respective traits and characteristics, so that, in course of time, a sentiment of understanding is born, which, being reciprocal, eventually gives way to friendship, and in like manner to amity between nations. Therefore, as a first essential to the study of the subject matter of these remarks, we must place ourselves in a position to perfectly understand the very peculiar conditions of settlement and growth of Latin America, before we can hope to obtain any fair estimate of present day Latin America. These conditions were very different to those that have been found in Anglo America. This is a most important point and one that should be made clear to all who in this nation and elsewhere are trying to know and understand Latin America and its people. When this point becomes apparent to all, then I shall expect to see another attitude towards our people. I contend, that the average Anglo-American does not appreciate us because he invariably wants to measure us by his own standards, regardless of the fact that those standards do not happen to fit our special type of humanity. Physically, we are more or less similar, but in a moral sense, each has special traits of character that mark the peculiar idiosyncrasies in each. Therefore, if we reverse the process and we Latin-Americans measure you AngloAmericans by our standards, we likewise would find you as below par, according to our estimate, which proves my premises, that, firstly, secondly and lastly, we have to thoroughly understand each other, if there is to be any reciprocal appreciation, and it behooves us to be forebearing, generous |