ing and Fury, attacked them; which fierce Accufation
roufed a Revenge of this Murder, that was soon after ta-
ken by a Course of Juftice. The very fame Thing we
read of the wife Hefiod's Dog, which, in like manner, con-
victed the Sons of Ganifter, of Naupate, of having mur-
dered his Master'. Another Dog, that was fet to guard
a Temple at Athens, perceiving Sacrilege committed by a
Thief, who carried away the richeft Jewels, barked at
him most furiously; which, however, not awaking the
Church-wardens, he followed him, and, after Day-break,
kept at a little more Distance from him, but without ever
lofing fight of him; though the Thief offered him fome-
thing to eat, he would not take it, but, to every Paffen-
ger he met, he wagged his Tail, and took whatever they
were pleased to give him: Mean Time, wherever the
Thief laid down to fleep, he likewise staid at the fame
Place. The Church-wardens having Intelligence of this
Dog, they traced him, by inquiring what Colour he was
of, and, at last, found both the Dog and the Thief at the
Town of Cromyon, from whence they brought back the
latter to Athens, where he was punished: And the Judges,
in Acknowledgment of the Dog's good Office, ordered a
certain Measure of Corn, out of the public Granary, for
his daily Allowance, and that the Priests should take Care
of it". Plutarch relates this Story as a certain Fact, and
as what happened in his Time.
As for Gratitude (for methinks we had needs bring
this Word into a little Repute) this one Ex-
ample will fuffice for it, which Appion " re-
ports himself to have been an Eye-witnefs
One Day, fays he, as they were enter-
C taining the People at Rome with the Pleasure of the
Fighting of feveral wild Beafts, and efpecially Lions
• of

The noble Gratitude of a Lion,

of.

* Plutarch. de Solert. Animalium, c. 12. 1 Idem, ibid. ibid. et in Ælian.

m Idem,

Aulus Gellius (lib. v. c. 14.) has tranfmitted this Story to us, on the Credit of Appion: A learned Man, fays he, but whofe great Oftentation renders him, perhaps, too verbose in the Narrative of Things, which he fays he had heard or read: As to this Fact, Appion relates, that he was an Eye-witnefs of it at Rome; and Seneca (lib. ii. c. 19.) confirms it, in fome Measure, by thefe few Words, Leonem in Amphitheatro fpectavimus qui unum e

beftiariis

of an unusual Size; there was one amongst the rest, which by its furious Afpect, by the Strength and Largenefs of its Limbs, and by its loud and dreadful Roaring, attracted the Eyes of all that were prefent. Among 'the other Slaves that were brought to the Theatre in this Battle of the Beafts, was one Androdus of Dacia, ⚫ who belonged to a Roman Nobleman of Confular Dignity. This Lion, perceiving him at a Diftance, first • made a fudden Stop, as it were with a Look of Admiration, and then foftly advanced nearer in a gentle and ⚫ peaceable Manner, as if it defired to be acquainted with him. This done, and being now affured that he was the Man it wanted, the Lion began to wag its Tail as Dogs do when they fawn upon their Masters,* • and fell to kissing and licking the Hands and Legs of the poor Wretch, who was quite befide himself, and half dead with Fear; but being, by this Kindness of the Lion, a little come to himself, and having taken fo 'much Heart as to look at the Beast, and to make much of it, it was a fingular Pleasure to fee the Careffes of Joy that paffed betwixt them. The People breaking ⚫ into loud Acclamations at this Sight, the Emperor 'caufed the Slave to be called to him, in order to know ⚫ from him the Cause of so strange an Occurrence, and he gave him this ftrange and wonderful Relation: "My "Mafter, faid he, being a Proconful in Africa, I was "conftrained by his cruel Ufage of me, as he caused me "to be beat every Day, to fteal from him and run a"way. And, in Order to hide myself fecurely from a "Perfon of fo great Authority in the Province, I thought "it my best way to fly to the fandy and folitary Deserts "of that Country, with a Refolution, that, if I could get "nothing to fupport Life, I would fome Way or other "difpatch it. The Sun being fo burning hot at Noon, "that it was intolerable; I accidentally found a private beftiariis agnitum, quum quondam ejus fuiffet magifter, protexit ab impetu beftiarum, i. e. We faw a Lion in the Amphitheatre, who, finding a Man there condemned to fight with the Beafts, who had formerly been his Mafter, protected him from the Fury of the other Beafts.

Book II. and almost an inacceffible Cave, into which I went. "Soon after, this Lion came to it with one Paw wound-, "ed and bleeding; and the Smart it endured, made it.

complain and groan. Its Approach terrified me very. "much; but, no fooner had it fpied me lurking in a "Corner of its Den, but it came to me very gently, holding up its wounded Paw to my Sight, as if it begged my "Affiftance. I then drew out a great Thorn from it, and,, growing a little familiar with it, I fqueezed the Wound, "preffed out the foul Matter that was gathered in it, ་་ wiped it, and cleanfed it in the best Manner I could.. "The Lion, finding its Pain affwaged, and the Cause of "it removed, laid itself down to Reft, and flept all the "Time with his Paw in my Hands. From that Time "forwards, the Lion and I lived together in this Den "three whole Years upon one and the fame Diet; for, of "the Beasts which it killed in Hunting, it brought me "the best Pieces, which I roafted in the Sun for Want "of a Fire, and then eat them. At length, being quite "tired with this brutal favage Life, as the Lion was gone "out, one Day, as ufual, in fearch of its Prey, I fet out

from its Den, and, on the third Day after my Departure, "was feized by Soldiers, who brought me to this City, "from Africa, and delivered me up to my Mafter, who "presently condemned me to die, and to be exposed to "the wild Beafts. And, by what I faw, this Lion was "alfo taken foon after, which has now fhewn its Incli"nation to recompenfe me for the Kindness and Cure it "received at my Hands". This was the Story as it was related by Androdus to the Emperor, and which he also conveyed from Hand to Hand to the People. Therefore, at the Request of all the People, he was fet at Liberty, and abfolved from the Sentence, and the Lion was, by their Order, given to him as a Prefent. We afterwards faw (fays Appion) Androdus leading this Lion by nothing but a String, from Tavern to Tavern, at Rome, and receiving the Bounty of the People, the Lion being fo gentle, as to fuffer itfelf to be covered with the Flowers that were thrown upon it, while every one that met them,

3

them, cried, There goes the Lion that protected the Man; there goes the Man that cured the Lion.

We often lament the Lofs of the Beafts that we love, and fo do they the Lofs of us.

Poft bellator equus pofitis infignibus Ethon
It lachrymans, guttifque humectat grandibus ora'.

i. e.

The Triumph more to grace,

Ethon, his Horfe of War, came next in Place, Which, of his Trappings ftript, fhew'd fuch Regret, That with large Tears his hairy Cheeks were wet. As, in fome Nations of the World, Wives are in common, and as, in fome others, every Man has his own in Particular, is not the fame vifible among the Beasts, and their Marriages better kept than ours?

The Society ob fervable among the Animals.

As to the Society and Agreement, which Nations form amongst themselves to league together, and to give one another mutual Affiftance; we perceive that Oxen, Swine, and other Animals, if any one of them that we offend cries out, all the Herd or Flock of the fame Kind Assistance, and rally to defend it.

m

run to its

When the Scare-Fish has " fwallowed the Fisherman's Hook, its Companions all crowd about it, and

Among the

gnaw the Line afunder; and, if by Chance one Scare-fifb. be got into the Leap or Weel, the others pre

fent their Tails to it on the Outfide, which the Scare holding faft with its beautiful Teeth, is thereby, disen. gaged and drawn out.

Barbels, when any one of their Companions is hampered, throw the Line over their, Backs, and with a Fin, which they have there in dented like a Saw, they faw and cut it afun

Among the

Fish called
Barbels.

der. As to the particular Offices which we receive from one another for the Service of Life, there are inany Inftances among them of the like Kind. They fay that the Whale never moves, but

Between the Whale and a Small Fish.

Virg. Æneid. lib. xi. v. 89, 90. m Plutarch. de Solertia Animalium,

c. 26. Idem, ibid.

nec habetur turpe juvence

Ferre patrem tergo: fit equo fua filia conjux :
Quafque creavit, init pecudes caper; ipfaque cujus
Semine concepta eft, ex illo concipit ales ".

i. e.

The Heifer thinks it not a Shame to take
Her curled Sire upon her willing Back:
The Horse his Daughter leaps, Goats fcruple not
To ufe as freely those they have begot :
And Birds of all forts do in common live,

And, by the Seed they have conceiv'd, conceive.

As for their mischievous Subtlety, can there be a fuller The mischiev- Inftance of it than in the Mule of the Philoous Subtlety of fopher Thales; which happening to stumble a Mule. as it was fording a Rivulet with a Load of Salt on its Back, fo that the Bags were all wet, and perceiving that the Salt was thereby melted, and his Burden rendered the lighter, never failed afterwards, when it came to any Brook, to lie down in it with his Load, till his Mafter, discovering his Trick, ordered him to be loaden with Wool; after which the Mule, finding that the fame Trick increased his Burden, inftead of lightening it, he left it quite off *.

Others that

ing.

There are feveral that are the very Pictures of our coAnimals that vetous People, for they take a vaft deal of feem tainted Pains to catch all they can, and carefully to with Avarice. conceal it, tho' they make no Ufe of it. As to Thrift, they furpass us not only in Forefight, fo far as to lay up and hoard for the Time, but are very fav they have alfo many Branches of Knowledge that are neceffary for that End. The Ants bring out their Corn and Seeds, and fpread them abroad in the Sun, to air, refresh, and dry them, when they perceive they begin to ftink and grow mufty, for fear left they fhould corrupt and putrify. But their Precaution and Prevention, in nibbling the Grains of Wheat, furpafs all Imagination of human Prudence: Because the Wheat does

w Ovid. Metam. lib. x. Fab. 9. v. 28, &c. Animal. c. 15. et Ælian. de Animal. lib. vii. c. 42.

* Plutarch. de Solertia